Hi! Great! i do karate too, just passed my shodan (first dan) exam.
What style are you training? I do (shin)kyokushinkai.
Well, 'stance' is 'dachi', and 'punch' is 'tsuki'.
The easiest way to learn is first learn the basics.
These ones:
tsuki- punch
geri - kick
dachi - stance
uke - defense technique
So if you hear 'mae geri jodan' at least you know it's a kick
then remember these:
jodan - high (chin)
chudan - middle
gedan - low
Now you know 'mae geri jodan' is a high kick
some more:
mae = front
mawashi = round
soto = from outside to inside
uchi = from inside to outside
so, high kick to the front
it's a bit difficult to tell the names of techniques without pictures and without knowing which style you do
But i can give you a whole list if you do kyokushin.