Sore ni, sara ni, soshite...

[dancemakina6678]

Hi! This is my first post ever on this forum after having been learning for some time now, and I finally got into some trouble I coudn't resolve in the web.

So, I wonder what's the (most exact) meaning of these words, when is it better to use one or the other, etc. as well as any other info I can get about:

・それで
・それに
・更に (さらに)
・そして
・しかも

Maybe also some other similar words that I don't know yet.

Thanks in advance for the help!

[community.japanese]

dancemakina6678 san,

konnichiwa.

そして is a close meaning to ‘and’, それから emphasises that an event follows another event in time and それで emphasises a casual relationship between two sentences.
きのうは学校に行きました。それから/そして、友達の家のパーティーへ行って夜十時ごろ家へ帰ってきました。
I went school yesterday. After that, I went to a party at a friend’s house and came home about ten at night.
In this sentence, using either そして or それから is fine. However, それから emphasises the fact that it was after the shopping that the speaker went to the party. For this reason, それから and そして are not always interchangeable. As shown in the following:
きのうは、イタリアンレストランへ行った。そしてパスタを食べた。
Yesterday I went to an Italian restaurant and ate pasta.
友達は4時ごろ家へ来た。そして7時ごろ帰った。
My friend came to my house at around four, and left round seven.

それから cannot be used to replace そして here as the speaker is talking about a continuing act.
それで presents a reason or cause.
台風でした。それで、飛行機が遅れました。
It was typhoon. Because of that, the fight was delayed.

それに　The first clause and the second clause are independent and there is no emotional or judgement in the sentence. It’s casually used and spoken.
Exmaples:
この雑誌は読みやすく、それに写真もきれいだ。
This magazine is easy to read and has pretty pictures.

東京は人口が多いし、それに物価が高い
Tokyo has a lot of population and price is expensive.

しかも
It indicates judgement and the person’s psychology. It’s also used as a paradox.
Examples:
その車は性能が良くてしかも値段も手ごろだ。
The performance of the car is good and reasonable.
しかられて、しかも改めないとは何事だ。
Although you were scolded, you don’t mend your ways.
What is the matter with you?


更に (さらに) indicates the situation changes into the next level.
Examples:
風が更に強くなった。
The wind becomes strong. (It was a gentle breeze however, there is a strong wind.)
更にこの会社発展することを期待する。
I expect this company will develop more.

I hope it could help you.

Yuki 　由紀
Team JapanesePod101.com

[lawliet_91]

Wow, 由紀-さん, your reply is really REALLY helpful, thanks a lot, I'm bookmarking this!

Everything is pretty clear, but I still have some doubts with しかも　and 更に, because I'm studying your "Newbie Lessons Season 1", and there they say we could use 更に as "in addition" and しかも as "furthermore"

So... I guess we can use them in that way too?

Again, thanks

P.D. Im the topic maker, but I changed my nickname to something else more "readable"

[community.japanese]

lawliet_91　さん、

どういたしまして。You are welcome.
I am sorry I didn’t know you are a beginner. I used many kanji... Was it ok?

Yes, we can use 更に as "in addition" and しかも as "furthermore”.

If you have any questions, please feel free to ask us.

Yuki 　由紀
Team JapanesePod101.com

[lawliet_91]

Thanks a lot again ^^, everything is pretty clear now.

And about the kanjis, it's ok, I'm studying the Newbie Lessons but I've studied already all the JLPT N5 and N4 kanjis, I think I'm a bit addicted to them so you even did me a favour giving me some new

I'm writing down this just now!

ありがとうございます, 由紀-さん, jpod team

[community.japanese]

lawliet_91 san,

どういたしまして。

Yuki 由紀
Team JapanesePod101.com