Two Types of Nai Te-Form, But What Are They Called?

[raeldor]

It seems there are two types of te-form for negative verbs. For example for taberu there is 'tabenaide' and 'tabenakute'. Does anyone know what the official names of these two conjugations Are?

Thanks!

[community.japanese]

raeldor san,

Yes, that’s right. Great, you realised that.

Nakute indicates “cause and effect”.
Naide means “without”.

For example
Tabenakute onaka ga sukimashita. Because I didn’t eat, I am hungry.

Tabenaide gakkouni ikimashita. Without breakfast I went to school. (I didn’t have breakfast and went to school.)

Yuki 由紀
Team JapanesePod101.com

[raeldor]

raeldor san,

Yes, that’s right. Great, you realised that.

Nakute indicates “cause and effect”.
Naide means “without”.

For example
Tabenakute onaka ga sukimashita. Because I didn’t eat, I am hungry.

Tabenaide gakkouni ikimashita. Without breakfast I went to school. (I didn’t have breakfast and went to school.)

Yuki 由紀
Team JapanesePod101.com

Hi. Thank you for your reply.

Yes, I understand their meaning and usage, but I was wondering if they had official names. I am building a web service for conjugating verbs, so it would be useful to know, thank you!

[thegooseking]

raeldor-san, Yuki-sensei,

As far as I understand, technically speaking, -nakute is the only te-form of -nai. We might casually call -naide a te-form of -nai, but it's technically a te-form of -nai desu. (The negative is one of the few times you can use 'de' before 'kudasai'.)

Because -nai is a verb that behaves like an i-adjective, it doesn't require a copula in plain form. As Yuki said, -nakute implies cause and effect, so it can be thought of as an action that has a result (which will be described in the next clause). However, -naide implies "without doing", so it gives contextual information about the state of being (hence 'de') at that time.

So in summary, -nakute is the -te form of the negative of the verb itself, while -naide is the -te form of the state of being of not doing the verb. As for technical terms, I would call the former the "negative active continuative", and the latter the "negative stative continuative", but I'm not as big an expert on technical terms as I'd like.

I hope that helps,
小狼

[raeldor]

That's a great explanation, thank you, it helps a lot.

[community.japanese]

小狼さん、
Thank you very much for helping me.

raeldor san,
That’s good it’s clear.

Yuki 　由紀
Team JapanesePod101.com