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ZeRinku
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Question

Postby ZeRinku » October 28th, 2008 12:03 am

About pronunciation, when you see ku, su, shi, chi, (pretty much anything that ends in u?) can you just shorten the sound always?(when I mean shorten the sound I mean like as in how you hear gakusei pronounced gaksei a lot) Or no? And when you are being polite should you pronounce everything fully?

Like for the word "poison" can I say doku AND/OR dok(u) with a silent "u" or quick "u"?
And for like daigaku, can I say daigak...gakusei as gaksei ect.? Are they all considered correct pronunciation?

The same for "shi" and "chi" no matter where it is in the word can I say it either fully "shi", "chi" AND/OR "sh","ch"? Like for shimashita. Can I say it either way? And what about hatachi? Can I say hatach?

Does the same go for tsu too? Does this go for basically all "u" sounds and "shi" and "chi"? And does it matter where it is in a sentence when you shorten it? Even as the first syllable? (Don't know how that would work...but I'll ask anyway) Like can someone give me a complete list of all the syllables that can be shortened in sound, and can someone also tell me where they can be for it to be shortened if not everywhere?

Other examples would be like...

fushigi AND/OR fushgi

asobu AND/OR asob(that sounds wrong to me...)

suki AND/OR ski

yoroshiku AND/OR yoroshik

hayku AND/OR hayak

haku AND/OR hak

afure AND/OR afre (fu would still be like a "h" sound though, right?)

dasu AND/OR das

~masu(ending) AND/OR mas

~desu AND/OR des

shika AND/OR shka

kau AND/OR ka( I really don't think at all you can leave out the u in words that just have u...right? And there is no other pronunciation of u when its alone, right?)

leaving out some of the letters makes it look weird but I hope you understand what I am talking about

ect...

I hope you see what I am asking. I can't think of more bu, mu, nu , fu ect. ones but please help me with all the sounds you know that can do this please!! :)

I would appreciate help...this is really confusing me now.


(Also as a side note...I heard someone say it is proper to say negai as nengai in tokyo dialect...is this true? If so, where does that rule apply?)

QuackingShoe
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Postby QuackingShoe » October 28th, 2008 1:28 am

There's a specific logic behind how this is applied in the standard dialect, but I'm not aware of what it is. You pick it up really quickly through listening. Suffice it to say, no, you can NOT always abbreviate the final sound of a unit.
I have to go, but I'll try to link to something about it when I get back if no one else does.

Edit:
Alright, old annoying textbook says:
Whenever an i or u vowel occurs between any two voiceless (edit two: 'voiced' means you vibrate your vocal chords while making the sound. 'voiceless' means you don't) consonants (k, s, t, p, or h), the vowel automatically becomes voiceless or, in some cases, is lost. This happens whether the two consonants come in the same word or in consecutive words.

Further, i or u preceded by a voiceless consonant coming at the end of an utterance is fully voiced or voiceless depending on the speaker and the word in question. In particular, of course, desu and -masu get the whispered treatment just about all the time.

Anyway, so that's why you get things like 'watashi' normally but 'watashitachi' gets the voiceless 'i' in 'shi'. As you can see, the rules, while simple, are still a lot to actually have to THINK about, so again, it comes pretty easily through observation instead. Really, the rule is more 'what doesn't sound stupid and isn't a pain to say?' After all, 'watashItachi' is obnoxious to pronounce and to listen to.

Oh, also, reading your post over again: though it's already stated, I figured I'd clarify; since they only become voiceless between voiceless consonants, no 'u' or 'i' free of a consonant (う or い) could possibly be voiceless because there's no consonant before it. Also, one generally avoids messing with the pronunciation of the conjugating part of a verb anyway. So 'kau' definitely needs it's 'u' heard, heh. This also spreads into something that might not be as immediately obvious, since I've seen people ask before: while an 'ou' sound is generally merely a long 'o' sound, when it's in a word like 思う, it isn't.

and that 'nengai' thing they're talking about probably doesn't mean what you think it means. The Japanese 'g' can have a more 'ng' (as in sing, bring, etc) quality to it, particularly in Tokyo. It's only used in certain positions though, and some people never use it at all while others flip-flop back and forth. The 'ng' is supposed to sound more sophisticated or whatever, though. It's strong enough that, in listening, you may even mistake the 'g' for an 'n' in some cases at first. Anyway, the important point is that it's not a syllabic 'n' that they're trying to represent. The 'ng' is a single consonant sound.
Last edited by QuackingShoe on October 28th, 2008 2:43 am, edited 3 times in total.

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ZeRinku
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Postby ZeRinku » October 28th, 2008 2:37 am

Thank you! But do you know if it is okay to just say all the syllables anyway to be safe? Or is it considered wrong? Is the rules that you just listed IF you wanted to not voice it?

QuackingShoe
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Postby QuackingShoe » October 28th, 2008 2:41 am

Well, 'wrong' might (?) be overstating it, I guess, but you'd sound silly in Tokyo. The only real 'if you want to' is the part about the end of a phrase where I commented specifically that it depended on the speaker. The rest of it's pretty important for sounding normal.

ZeRinku
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Postby ZeRinku » October 28th, 2008 2:58 am

Okay so basically the second rule you mentioned is the optional one. The first rule is a must. Got it. So it isn't true that saying every syllable fully makes the speech more polite?

I wonder if I did screw up one day in saying a syllable wrong if I would be understood still, like if I did the ku thing like in gakusei with a word that isn't supposed to... Yeah, I'm pretty sure I would. I am making too much of a big deal out of this...>_<

Also let me see if I got this right...

If there was a word, lets say, kikuku how would that be pronounced?

And Haku is optionally pronounced fully as haku and/or hak. correct? And suki is optional too?

Last question for now, sorry :), when you use shi, chi, and tsu, is the s, and the h in shi both considered to be consanants when using this rule? Same with chi? With tsu is both t, and s? Don't know if it makes a difference but no harm in asking.

QuackingShoe
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Postby QuackingShoe » October 28th, 2008 3:54 am

They might have trouble understanding you because poor accents make people hard to understand.
You're really thinking about it too much though. If you just listen you'll pick it up quickly. I mean, if you'd asked me if 'gakusei' had any of this going on it just awhile ago, I might have said no, but then I say it and realize, ah, it does. It's really perfectly natural. Of all the pronunciation issues in Japanese, this is probably one of the smaller, from the standpoint of time and difficulty to learn. You don't need to fret so much about what mistake you might make at some future stage either, particularly when it's something like this. Straight-up, if you can say or hear 'gakusei' pronounced with a completely full 'u' and think it sounds normal, you're probably making a lot of other mistakes as well. And that's not to discourage you - rather, to say that you just can't worry about every little thing like that. Just listen and repeat (a lot of people have been recommending 'shadowing' lately) and get it in time.

But as for your questions... well. I know how to pronounce kikuku (not that it's a word), but I don't know how to explain it. It's probably deemphasized to a fair degree. Honestly the voiceless stuff sounds so normal to me I have a hard time looking at it and actually saying if it's voiceless or not because I haven't heard the alternative (in the context of a particular sound pattern).

Haku, no. There's no voiceless consonant after the ku. At the end of a phrase, maybe, depending on preference. If a word after it starts with a voiceless consonant, or if it's part of a longer word, then yes. For example, the word 'hakuchuu' or in a phrase where you'd for some reason say 'haku to'. suki, same thing. So, suki wa naninani, no. suki to naninani, yes. Also, the 'u' is whispered because it's between 's' and 'k'.

ts, ch, and sh are all single consonant sounds. We just write them with two letters in certain romanization system. (For reference, the more common way of writing the complete syllables in Japan and in older systems in the West is tu, ti, si, and similarly for others.)

ZeRinku
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Postby ZeRinku » October 30th, 2008 2:33 am

I know I am thinking too much about this but I have a few more questions that I just want to ask to be sure.

When you say the end of a utterance or phrase do you mean at the end of a complete sentence? So for example you can't say sush(i)desu. right? But I hear ik(u)ze a lot...also how do this work with compound sentences ect.? Like complete, complete end of a sentence?

And also with the 'i' sound being cut off...especially at the end of a sentence or word...how would that sound? I haven't even heard it in the middle of a word. I don't think I ever heard it before...

So, you wouldn't say hatch(i)desu. correct?

And when you say K,S,T,P,H do you mean every sound in that group? Like chi in the 't' group ect?

This is one of my weakness...I ask say too much questions, sorry! :(

ZeRinku
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Joined: March 28th, 2008 2:52 am

Postby ZeRinku » October 30th, 2008 2:35 am

I know I am thinking too much about this but I have a few more questions that I just want to ask to be sure.

When you say the end of a utterance or phrase do you mean at the end of a complete sentence? So for example you can't say sush(i)desu. right? But I hear ik(u)ze a lot...also how do this work with compound sentences ect.? Like complete, complete end of a sentence?

And also with the 'i' sound being cut off...especially at the end of a sentence or word...how would that sound? I haven't even heard it in the middle of a word. I don't think I ever heard it before...do you mean only the 'shi' and 'chi' sounds for the 'i' sounds? Or every 'i' sound?

So, you wouldn't say hatch(i)desu. correct? But if I say (I know its not grammatically correct but...) hatachi hito desu. to sound correct in Tokyo dialect I have to say hatch(i)hito desu, right?

And when you say K,S,T,P,H do you mean every sound in that group? Like chi in the 't' group ect?

This is one of my weakness...I ask say too much questions, sorry! :(

ZeRinku
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Posts: 37
Joined: March 28th, 2008 2:52 am

Postby ZeRinku » October 30th, 2008 2:40 am

I know I am thinking too much about this but I have a few more questions that I just want to ask to be sure.

When you say the end of a utterance or phrase do you mean at the end of a complete sentence? So for example you can't say sush(i)desu. right? But I hear ik(u)ze a lot...also how do this work with compound sentences ect.? Like complete, complete end of a sentence?

And also with the 'i' sound being cut off...especially at the end of a sentence or word...how would that sound? I haven't even heard it in the middle of a word. I don't think I ever heard it before...do you mean only the 'shi' and 'chi' sounds for the 'i' sounds? Or every 'i' sound?

Also does the small 'tsu' sound apply to any of the rules?

So, you wouldn't say hatch(i)desu. correct? But if I say (I know its not grammatically correct but...) hatachi hito desu. to sound correct in Tokyo dialect I have to say hatch(i)hito desu, right? And futatsu desu would be f(u)tatsu desu. but if I just say futatsu it can be f(u)tats(u), right? The silent 'u' in 'fu' would be...weird. At least I would think...

And when you say K,S,T,P,H do you mean every sound in that group? Like chi in the 't' group ect?

This is one of my weakness...I ask say too much questions, sorry! :(

ZeRinku
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Posts: 37
Joined: March 28th, 2008 2:52 am

Postby ZeRinku » October 30th, 2008 2:52 am

I know I am thinking too much about this but I have a few more questions that I just want to ask to be sure. When you shorten the sounds this come between words like haku hito for example does it then fall under the rule that you must say it to sound natural? So would it be hak(u) hito?

When you say the end of a utterance or phrase do you mean at the end of a complete sentence? So for example you can't say sush(i)desu. right? But I hear ik(u)ze a lot...also how do this work with compound sentences ect.? Like complete, complete end of a sentence? What about the gobi sentences endings like ne, yo, ze ect. do those count? I swear I have heard des(u) ne though. Does the gobi count as actual words(syllables) in this rule?

And also with the 'i' sound being cut off...especially at the end of a sentence or word...how would that sound? I haven't even heard it in the middle of a word. I don't think I ever heard it before...do you mean only the 'shi' and 'chi' sounds for the 'i' sounds? Or every 'i' sound?

Also does the small 'tsu' sound apply to any of the rules?

So, you wouldn't say hatch(i)desu. correct? But if I say (I know its not grammatically correct but...) hatachi hito desu. to sound correct in Tokyo dialect I have to say hatch(i)hito desu, right? And the actual right pronunciation of watashi wa is watash(i) wa? And futatsu desu would be f(u)tatsu desu. but if I just say futatsu it can be f(u)tats(u), right? The silent 'u' in 'fu' would be...weird. At least I would think...

And when you say K,S,T,P,H do you mean every sound in that group? Like chi in the 't' group ect?

Last question, I know this is looking WAY too much into it but...if you are in the middle of a sentence and stop with a word like hatachi but the next word you start a second or two later doesn't have k,s,t,p,h in the first syllable can you still say hatach(i)? Also what about saying something like watashi, gakusei. would you say watash(i) gak(u)sei? The proper way would be watashi gak(u)sei, right? But what if I stopped after watashi to think then said gakusei? Can it be watash(i)...gak(u)sei.?

This is one of my weakness...I ask say too much questions, sorry! :( Now that I look at this post over...its a lot of questions...I really think too much.

ZeRinku
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Posts: 37
Joined: March 28th, 2008 2:52 am

Postby ZeRinku » October 30th, 2008 2:54 am

I know I am thinking too much about this but I have a few more questions that I just want to ask to be sure. When you shorten the sounds this come between words like haku hito for example does it then fall under the rule that you must say it to sound natural? So would it be hak(u) hito?

When you say the end of a utterance or phrase do you mean at the end of a complete sentence? So for example you can't say sush(i)desu. right? But I hear ik(u)ze a lot...also how do this work with compound sentences ect.? Like complete, complete end of a sentence? What about the gobi sentences endings like ne, yo, ze ect. do those count? I swear I have heard des(u) ne though. Does the gobi count as actual words(syllables) in this rule?

And also with the 'i' sound being cut off...especially at the end of a sentence or word...how would that sound? I haven't even heard it in the middle of a word. I don't think I ever heard it before...do you mean only the 'shi' and 'chi' sounds for the 'i' sounds? Or every 'i' sound?

Also does the small 'tsu' sound apply to any of the rules?

So, you wouldn't say hatch(i)desu. correct? But if I say (I know its not grammatically correct but...) hatachi hito desu. to sound correct in Tokyo dialect I have to say hatch(i)hito desu, right? And the actual right pronunciation of watashi wa is watash(i) wa? But I think I have heard watashi wa before. Is it optional between words(particles)? And futatsu desu would be f(u)tatsu desu. but if I just say futatsu it can be f(u)tats(u), right? The silent 'u' in 'fu' would be...weird. At least I would think...

And when you say K,S,T,P,H do you mean every sound in that group? Like chi in the 't' group ect?

Last question, I know this is looking WAY too much into it but...if you are in the middle of a sentence and stop with a word like hatachi but the next word you start a second or two later doesn't have k,s,t,p,h in the first syllable can you still say hatach(i)? Also what about saying something like watashi, gakusei. would you say watash(i) gak(u)sei? The proper way would be watashi gak(u)sei, right? But what if I stopped after watashi to think then said gakusei? Can it be watash(i)...gak(u)sei.?

This is one of my weakness...I ask say too much questions, sorry! :( Now that I look at this post over...its a lot of questions...I really think too much.

ZeRinku
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Postby ZeRinku » October 30th, 2008 2:57 am

I know I am thinking too much about this but I have a few more questions that I just want to ask to be sure. When you shorten the sounds this come between words like haku hito for example does it then fall under the rule that you must say it to sound natural? So would it be hak(u) hito?

When you say the end of a utterance or phrase do you mean at the end of a complete sentence? So for example you can't say sush(i)desu. right? But I hear ik(u)ze a lot...also how do this work with compound sentences ect.? Like complete, complete end of a sentence? What about the gobi sentences endings like ne, yo, ze ect. do those count? I swear I have heard des(u) ne though. Does the gobi count as actual words(syllables) in this rule?

And also with the 'i' sound being cut off...especially at the end of a sentence or word...how would that sound? I haven't even heard it in the middle of a word. I don't think I ever heard it before...do you mean only the 'shi' and 'chi' sounds for the 'i' sounds? Or every 'i' sound?

Also does the small 'tsu' sound apply to any of the rules?

So, you wouldn't say hatch(i)desu. correct? But if I say (I know its not grammatically correct but...) hatachi hito desu. to sound correct in Tokyo dialect I have to say hatch(i)hito desu, right? And the actual right pronunciation of watashi wa is watash(i) wa? But I think I have heard watashi wa before. Is it optional between words(particles)? And futatsu desu would be f(u)tatsu desu. but if I just say futatsu it can be f(u)tats(u), right? The silent 'u' in 'fu' would be...weird. At least I would think...

Then, hayaku iku would be hayaku ik(u)<-optional 'ku', right? And hayaku sumu would have to be hayak(u) sumu, right?


And when you say K,S,T,P,H do you mean every sound in that group? Like chi in the 't' group ect?

Last question, I know this is looking WAY too much into it but...if you are in the middle of a sentence and stop with a word like hatachi but the next word you start a second or two later doesn't have k,s,t,p,h in the first syllable can you still say hatach(i)? Also what about saying something like watashi, gakusei. would you say watash(i) gak(u)sei? The proper way would be watashi gak(u)sei, right? But what if I stopped after watashi to think then said gakusei? Can it be watash(i)...gak(u)sei.?

This is one of my weakness...I ask say too much questions, sorry! :( Now that I look at this post over...its a lot of questions...I really think too much.

QuackingShoe
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Postby QuackingShoe » October 30th, 2008 8:55 am

You're trying to make an arbitrary distinction between 'words' and other sounds and sentences and etc where none exist. This pattern exists because it's easier to SAY, which has everything to do with sound flow and nothing to do with words or nonwords.

ZeRinku wrote:I know I am thinking too much about this but I have a few more questions that I just want to ask to be sure. When you shorten the sounds this come between words like haku hito for example does it then fall under the rule that you must say it to sound natural? So would it be hak(u) hito?


Just pretend I never said anything was optional at all.

ZeRinku wrote:When you say the end of a utterance or phrase do you mean at the end of a complete sentence? So for example you can't say sush(i)desu. right? But I hear ik(u)ze a lot...also how do this work with compound sentences ect.? Like complete, complete end of a sentence? What about the gobi sentences endings like ne, yo, ze ect. do those count? I swear I have heard des(u) ne though. Does the gobi count as actual words(syllables) in this rule?


When people stop talking for a period long enough that sound contractions aren't beneficial in any way. It's like stopping in the middle of "you're." "You....re sure?" It doesn't happen. Same with 'gotcha' or 'whatcha' or etc. As for iku ze, I hear and say the 'u'. It can be a little downplayed I suppose(largely due to the forcefulness it's typically said with), but it's different from what it would sound like if it were actually voiceless. Similarly, there's a noticeable difference between the su in sentence final desu and in desu ne or desu ga.

ZeRinku wrote:And also with the 'i' sound being cut off...especially at the end of a sentence or word...how would that sound? I haven't even heard it in the middle of a word. I don't think I ever heard it before...do you mean only the 'shi' and 'chi' sounds for the 'i' sounds? Or every 'i' sound?

Also does the small 'tsu' sound apply to any of the rules?

Every i sound, no っ doesn't change anything. You have heard it, it's what they do when they say 'watashitachi', as mentioned. You could look at that as not one word, I suppose, but one needs to realize how unimportant word boundaries can be in Japanese.

ZeRinku wrote:So, you wouldn't say hatch(i)desu. correct? But if I say (I know its not grammatically correct but...) hatachi hito desu. to sound correct in Tokyo dialect I have to say hatch(i)hito desu, right? And the actual right pronunciation of watashi wa is watash(i) wa? But I think I have heard watashi wa before. Is it optional between words(particles)? And futatsu desu would be f(u)tatsu desu. but if I just say futatsu it can be f(u)tats(u), right? The silent 'u' in 'fu' would be...weird. At least I would think...

'w' is a voiced consonant, not a voiceless one. watashi wa is pronounced fully. watash(i) to is not. Honestly, just try to say 'watash(i) wa'. It's annoying to say, and it sounds silly. Try saying 'watashI to'. It's annoying to say, and it sounds silly. It seems that way inherently to me, but maybe it's NOT. Maybe it's only because I've heard it often enough. But that's even more evidence that you need to spend less time thinking about it and more time listening to it.
And yes, the voiceless vowels make the already soft 'h' line a little interesting particularly at the beginning of a word. You could miss them entirely. 'futatsu' and 'hitotsu' are good examples. When I first started Japanese, I could barely hear the difference, mostly because I nearly couldn't hear the 'fu' or 'hi' at all. Well, the sound quality of what I was listening to didn't help either...
Same with 'hito'. COMPLETELY standardized Japanese like you'd hear off an audio CD makes the 'hi' seem almost non-present to the untrained ear.

ZeRinku wrote:Then, hayaku iku would be hayaku ik(u)<-optional 'ku', right? And hayaku sumu would have to be hayak(u) sumu, right?


Presumably, but I've never actually heard someone say 'hayaku sumu' before, eheh. Also, hayaku is often said with enough pause and focus (as if with a comma) that it's fully pronounced.

ZeRinku wrote:And when you say K,S,T,P,H do you mean every sound in that group? Like chi in the 't' group ect?


Yes

ZeRinku wrote:Last question, I know this is looking WAY too much into it but...if you are in the middle of a sentence and stop with a word like hatachi but the next word you start a second or two later doesn't have k,s,t,p,h in the first syllable can you still say hatach(i)? Also what about saying something like watashi, gakusei. would you say watash(i) gak(u)sei? The proper way would be watashi gak(u)sei, right? But what if I stopped after watashi to think then said gakusei? Can it be watash(i)...gak(u)sei.?

I suppose. I feel like watashi tends to get it's full pronunciation in isolation, but in principle I suppose it's true.


You apparently posted every time you meant to preview... might want to clean that up.

Finally, don't take any of what I'm saying that seriously if you find blatant contradictions. I'm speaking exclusively from personal experience and what's honestly a very short blurb in a pretty old textbook. I'm kindof waiting for someone else to sweep in with a more comprehensive view on all this, but it seems like no one else really thinks about this stuff at all... which is probably the way to be. Just listen. Although, on the other hand, I've found this kindof educational for myself. Mmm.
Anyway. Good luck!

ZeRinku
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Postby ZeRinku » November 23rd, 2008 3:12 am

Sorry for being late but thank you!

I have 2 questions right now.

In the word 大丈夫 I feel like the i and the j(ou) blend together and make like a kind of buzzing sound. It doesn't sound like the regular jou though. Is this because of the i before it? Is this a rule of some sort? Any other sounds that would do this?

OK, next question. I feel like when I say words like さようなら、早く、トヨタ ect. there sounds like there is an invisible i in there, between the with yo(ya, yu ect). Is this just my imagination? Like I feel like I am saying "saiyounara","haiyaku" "toiyota" Or is it just that the beginning of the y sound in ya, yu, and yo sounds like a quick i? Maybe it isn't there? Maybe this the reason why the i in 太陽 is stressed? Is the i even stressed there? This stuff just bothering me.

Thanks!

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Postby QuackingShoe » November 23rd, 2008 5:31 am

ZeRinku wrote:In the word 大丈夫 I feel like the i and the j(ou) blend together and make like a kind of buzzing sound. It doesn't sound like the regular jou though. Is this because of the i before it? Is this a rule of some sort? Any other sounds that would do this?


I don't know what you're talking about. It sounds normal.

ZeRinku wrote:]OK, next question. I feel like when I say words like さようなら、早く、トヨタ ect. there sounds like there is an invisible i in there, between the with yo(ya, yu ect). Is this just my imagination? Like I feel like I am saying "saiyounara","haiyaku" "toiyota" Or is it just that the beginning of the y sound in ya, yu, and yo sounds like a quick i? Maybe it isn't there? Maybe this the reason why the i in 太陽 is stressed? Is the i even stressed there? This stuff just bothering me.


You're pronouncing them incorrectly. Sayounara and Toyota are words that get said in English. They undergo changes, including the 'sa' of sayounara being pronounced vaguely like 'sai,' and Toyota being broken into Toy-o-ta (and Tokyo is broken into To-ki-o). You're probably stuck on that - understandably, since throwing in sounds like that is one of the bigger giveaways for an English(American?) accent. There shouldn't actually be anything like an i sound in those words. Try to listen to them very carefully. (Why do you think the い in 太陽 is stressed? Very little at all is naturally stressed in Japanese. It's not a stress language.)

Good luck!

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