ok. i wouldn't try these sentences on anybody as is.
i translated your examples below and then give you the correct versions. hope this helps.
dozo yoroshiku, Nihongo-jin hanasa ka?
this means, "go ahead & please be kind to me, japanese person Hanasaka?"
sumimasen, nihongo wo hanashimasu ka?
excuse me
nihongo is the japanese language
wo is the object marking particle
hanashimasu is the polite conjugated form of "to speak"
ka is the question particle.
watashi wa Nihongo-jin narau desu.
as for me, a japanese person, it learns, it is.
watashi wa nihongo wo benkyo shite imasu.
watashi wa = as for me
nihongo wo = japanese language (object form)
benkyo shite imasu = i am studying
watashi wa ryuuchou hanasanai.
this one is actually correct, except...
ryuuchou is an extremely formal word. while hanasanai is the casual form.
you'd probably be better off saying "watashi wa pera pera ja nai desu."
it will be obvious that you're not ryuuchou, so keep it simple and keep it polite if you are talking to a potential employer
chotto kyuushoku-sha kudasai.
please give me a little bit of people applying for jobs.
kyuushoku-moushikomi wo kudasai = give me a job application (polite)
kyuushoku-moushikomi wo onegai shimasu = may i have a job application (also polite)
to be honest, i don't know the word for job application, but i found that one in the dictionary.
you seem very eager to get into japanese, so may i recommend you start listening to the Nihongo Dojo Series and Introductions Series. I think you'll get a lot of great basic phrases from the Introduction Series. and the Nihongo Dojo will start you out on grammar. They're both pretty fun courses, imo!
here is the first nihongo dojo:
http://www.japanesepod101.com/index.php?p=732&cat=11
here is the first introductions:
http://www.japanesepod101.com/2005/12/1 ... -be-merry/