What's the difference between....

[francistravers6336]

フランシスです！ 二年間日本語を勉強しています。　もっと改善したいんですから、よければ、たびたび質問させていただいてよろしいですか。　たいていは、「この言葉はどう違うかを気にしていますけど。。。」という質問をします。　
Is it ok if I reuse this thread regularly and update the main post to include the answered questions?
あと！　もし、私が質問した言葉は珍しいか役に立たなければ、知らせてくれてください。　：　）

行きます！

１．　避けると　よけると　回避と　かわす　と 逃れると　どう違いますか。　どう違うかを示すために例文を書いていただけますか。

２．　やっと　と　ついに　と　最終的に　と　違いは　何ですか。

３．　宿題を終わらせたいというは　普通の　「I want to finish my homework」言い方ですか。　これが正しければ、どんな状況に「完了する」を使いますか。 I think in most English situations we'll say "finish [something]" but japanese seems to have 「完了」 reserved for certain things, can you give some hints?

４．　勝ち可能性と　勝ち目　と　どう違いますか。
I think one of them is used for sentences like "we have a 50% chance of winning" and the other is used for things like "do have even have a chance?" but I'm not sure. Both again, use the same word in english, so it's tough to distinguish them.

5.　「人と対戦する」と「競争する」と「対局する」と「競技する」と「人と競うする」と「人と勝負する」とどう違いますか。
My thoughts:

• 「人と対戦する」 is usually for things that are 1v1 and are often face to face. IE: tennis, maybe sumo? As far as I know, two baseball teams can also "face" each other with 「対戦する」.　I have no idea if two people playing videogames or cards can use 「対戦する」.
• 「競争する」 is for competitions where the results can be displayed as a list after everyone competes at the same time, or in heats. IE: swimming for a best time, running, weight lifting. I have no idea what other things this is allowed with.
• According to my dictionary, 「対局」 is specifically for games like chess or shogi. Does this also apply to things like playing cards if there are only 2 people?
• 「競技する」, 「人と競うする」, 「人と勝負する」 I have no idea what the difference is *_*.

６．上達　と　改善　と　どう違いますか。　たぶん、例文で分かりやすくなるかもしれませんです。


よろしくお願いします！

[thegooseking]

francistraversさん,

To answer your first question (as far as I can):-

避ける can be read either よける or さける. When it's read よける it means to avoid something physically, while さける means to avoid a situation. 回避 is a noun meaning 'avoidance'. I think it might be in the sense of avoiding a situation, but I'm not sure about that. かわす also means 'avoid', but the impression I get is that it means more to "get around" some threat or obstacle - not only avoiding something, but specifically avoiding something while making progress. 逃れる is probably better translated as "to escape" rather than "to avoid". There is an implication of "getting away".

I'm not sure if I have answers to your other questions but if I have any sudden inspiration, I'll come back to it.

小狼

[community.japanese]

小狼さん、
どうもありがとうございます。


フランシスさん、
今日は。たくさん勉強していますね。
１.
よける
To avoid physically
木の株をよけながら歩いた。
We walked along trying to avoid he stumps.

私たちは戦闘地域をよける。
We keep clear of areas where there is fighting.

私たちはぬかるみをよけて進む。
We make our way around muddy spots in the path.

さける
To avoid physically or abstractly
日光を避けて日陰には座った。
They sat in the shade to keep out of the sun.

これは避けて通れれない問題だ。
This is a problem we cannot avoid.

社長は明言を避けた。
The president didn’t say anything definite.

悪友は避けた方がよい。
You had better avoid bad company.

人前での批評は避けた方がよい。
You had better withhold comment in public.

かわす
To avoid quickly
ひらりと身をかわす
I dodge quickly.

質問をかわす。
I evade questions.

２．
やっと is not followed by a bad result.
For example, you can’t say やっとできなかった.

ついに indicates emphasis of a point in time.

最終的に are followed by both negative and positive.

3.
完了する means ‘complete’.
式典の準備は完了した。
The preparations for the ceremony are complete.

建築工事は明日完成の予定である。
The construction work is to be completed tomorrow.

４．
I think that is 勝つ可能性.
可能性 means ‘possibility’.
勝つ可能性は十分ある。
There is a good chance of winning.

勝ち目 means ‘one’s chances of winning’
勝ち目のない戦い
A hopeless battle

彼には勝ち目がある
The chances are against him.

They are not so different.
In this case you can use them interchangeably.

５．
「人と対戦する」 is usually for things that are 1v1 and are often face to face. IE: tennis, maybe sumo? As far as I know, two baseball teams can also "face" each other with 「対戦する」.　
Correct!
I have no idea if two people playing videogames or cards can use 「対戦する」.　
You can use 対戦する in this case.

「競争する」 is for competitions where the results can be displayed as a list after everyone competes at the same time, or in heats. IE: swimming for a best time, running, weight lifting.
Correct!
I have no idea what other things this is allowed with.
Other examples are
グーグルとヤフーとはインターネット検索市場で激しく競争している。
Google and Yahoo are competing fiercely in the Internet search market.

市場のシェアをめぐって、彼らは外国企業と競争するこになった。
They found themselves competing with foreign companies for a share of the market.

According to my dictionary, 「対局」 is specifically for games like chess or shogi. Does this also apply to things like playing cards if there are only 2 people?
Your dictionary is correct.　The ward is used for chess and shogi only.

「競技する」
競技 is used for an athletic, track and field event, swimming and so on.

「人と競うする」
競う is used for general competing.
For examples,
我が国は通信技術で他国と競っている。
Our country is competing with other countries for the lead in communication technologies.

「人と勝負する」
To play with, fight with, have a game, match with
チャンピオンと勝負する。
I am matched against the champion.

６．You don’t need to add です after しれません.
上達 refers to a skill-related improvement.
日本語が上達する。
My Japanese improves.

改善 refers to a situation-related improvement( the way one lives, benefits while working at a company)
この会社は設備に種々の改善を施す。
The company makes various improvements in the facilities.

I hope it could help you.

Yuki 　由紀
Team JapanesePod101.com

[francistravers6336]

ありがとうございます、とても勉強になりました！　私はまた質問を聞いていないのは　今私は国際交流基金の研修に参加する中なのです。　国に帰ったら、もっと質問をします。

[community.japanese]

francistravers6336 san,

はい、質問お待ちしています。
研修をがんばってください。

Yuki　由紀
Team JapanesePod101.com