Learn about the particle meaning "and" or "with"
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| Hi, everyone. |
| Welcome to the Ultimate Japanese Particle Guide. |
| In this lesson, you'll learn the particle... |
| と (to) |
| This particle is often referred to as the connecting particle, because we use it to connect two or more elements. |
| と means “and.” |
| You can use this particle to make a complete list of two or more nouns. It comes after every noun in the list except the last one. |
| Let's illustrate it with some examples. How do you say "A and B"? |
| AとB。 |
| Here, the particle was inserted between the two, just like “and” in English. Now, how would we say “A , B, and C”? |
| AとBとC。 |
| Note that the particle was inserted between each word. Let’s keep going. |
| How do you say “A, B, C, and D”? |
| AとBとCとD。 |
| So again, we put the particle between each word. This is different from English. |
| In English, we put the word “and” only between the last two nouns, but in Japanese, と comes after every noun except the last one. So can we hear a sample sentence? |
| ハンバーガーとポテトとコーラをください。(Hanbāgā to poteto to kōra o kudasai.) |
| This means "Could I have a hamburger, French fries, and a Coke, please?" Let's hear the list again. |
| ハンバーガーとポテトとコーラ (hanbāgā to poteto to kōra) |
| We just learned that the particle comes after every noun in the list except the last one. |
| Actually, in everyday life, many Japanese people omit it. It's very common to hear |
| ハンバーガーとポテト、コーラ (hanbāgā to poteto, kōra) |
| Let's take a look at a few more examples. |
| 肉と魚が好きです。(Niku to sakana ga suki desu.) |
| “I like meat and fish.” |
| ケーキとチョコレートを買いました。(Kēki to chokorēto o kaimashita.) |
| "I bought a cake and chocolates." |
| 牛乳とチーズは乳製品です。 (Gyūnyū to chīzu wa nyūseihin desu.) |
| “Milk and cheese are dairy products.” |
| This particle also has the meaning of “together” or “with.” It's used to show involvement - that an action was done together with someone. |
| Let's see some examples. |
| ジョンはよう子と映画を見ました。(Jon wa Yōko to eiga o mimashita.) |
| This means "John saw a movie with Yoko." Let's hear "with Yoko" again. |
| よう子と (Yōko to) |
| Let's take a look at a few more examples with the same particle when it means "with." |
| 明日、南さんとデートをします。(Ashita, Minami-san to dēto o shimasu.) |
| "Tomorrow, I'll go on a date with Minami." |
| 南さんはいつも猫と遊んでいます。(Minami-san wa itsumo neko to asonde imasu.) |
| "Minami is always playing with cats." |
| 田中さんと食事をしました。(Tanaka-san to shokuji o shimashita.) |
| “I had a meal with Mr.Tanaka.” |
| Now, let's use what you learned in this lesson. |
| We learned how to say "Could I have a hamburger, French fries, and a Coke, please?" |
| ハンバーガーとポテトとコーラをください。(Hanbāgā to poteto to kōra o kudasai.) |
| Here the particle と (to) marks more elements to connect them. The structure is... |
| [element 1] |
| と(to) |
| [element 2] |
| と(to) |
| [element 3] |
| Now let's try with "I have a dog and a cat.” |
| You should already know the words for "dog" and "cat.” |
| 犬 (inu) |
| 猫 (neko) |
| "I have (a pet)” is... |
| 飼っています（katte imasu) |
| Try to say ”I have a dog and a cat” in Japanese. [pause] |
| The answer is... |
| 犬と猫を飼っています（Inu to neko o katte imasu) |
| Did you get it right? In this sentence, the particle と(to) means "and." |
| Let's try one more. We learned how to say "John saw a movie with Yoko." |
| ジョンはよう子と映画を見ました。(Jon wa Yōko to eiga o mimashita.) |
| Here the particle と (to) shows involvement - that the action was done together with someone. The structure is... |
| [someone or something] |
| と (to) |
| Now let's try with "I go shopping with my friends." |
| You should already know all the words... |
| “to go shopping" is... |
| 買い物に行きます (kaimono ni ikimasu) |
| "friend" is... |
| 友達 (tomodachi) |
| Try to say "I go shopping with my friends" in Japanese. [pause] |
| The answer is... |
| 友達と買い物に行きます。（Tomodachi to kaimono ni ikimasu. ) |
| Well done! In this case, the particle と (to) means "with." |
| In this lesson, you learned about the particle... |
| と |
| In the next lesson, you'll learn about the particle... |
| か |
| See you in the next lesson. Bye! |
| Bye~ |
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