Learn about giving directions
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Jessi: You'll Know the Location of the Action with Japanese Particles Ni, De, and O. |
| Naomi: こんにちは。なおみです。(Kon’nichiwa. Naomi desu.) |
| Jessi: Jessi here. In the previous lesson, you learned about particles that indicate time. |
| Naomi: Right. Such as から (kara) “from”, まで (made) “to” or “until” and に (ni) “at”, “on” and “in.” |
| Jessi: Can we hear an example? |
| Naomi: Sure. ８時半に会社に行きます。(Hachi-ji han ni kaisha ni ikimasu.) “I go to work at eight thirty.” |
| ９時から５時まで働きます。(Ku-ji kara go-ji made hatarakimasu.) “I work from 9 to 5.” |
| Jessi: So what particles are we covering in this lesson? |
| Naomi: In this lesson, you'll learn particles that indicate location, such as に (ni), で (de) and を (o). |
| Jessi: In this conversation, we have two people who are talking on the phone, right? |
| Naomi: はい、そうです。(Hai, sō desu.) Right. さとうけいこさん と たなかあきらさん が話しています。(Satō Keiko-san to Tanaka Akira-san ga hanashite imasu.) Keiko Sato and Akira Tanaka are talking on the phone. |
| Jessi: And it looks like Akira is giving directions. |
| Naomi: はい。(Hai.) |
| Jessi: Let's listen to the conversation. |
| DIALOGUE |
| 佐藤けい子:田中さん？佐藤です。場所がわかりません。(Tanaka-san? Satō desu. Basho ga wakarimasen.) |
| 田中明:今、どこにいますか。(Ima, doko ni imasu ka.) |
| 佐藤けい子: 公園の入口にいます。(Kōen no iriguchi ni imasu.) |
| 田中明: 池が見えますか。(Ike ga miemasu ka.) |
| 佐藤けい子: はい、見えます。(Hai, miemasu.) |
| 田中明: 池の橋を渡ってください。(Ike no hashi o watatte kudasai.) |
| : 橋の近くでバーベキューをしています。(Hashi no chikaku de bābekyū o shite imasu.) |
| 佐藤けい子: 橋？ん？ちょっとわかりません。(Hashi? N? Chotto wakarimasen.) |
| 田中明: わかりました。じゃ、入り口で待っていてください。今行きます！(Wakarimashita. Ja, iriguchi de matte ite kudasai. Ima ikimasu!) |
| Naomi: もう一度お願いします。今度はゆっくりお願いします。(Mō ichi-do onegai shimasu. Kondo wa yukkuri onegai shimasu.) |
| 佐藤けい子:田中さん？佐藤です。場所がわかりません。(Tanaka-san? Satō desu. Basho ga wakarimasen.) |
| 田中明:今、どこにいますか。(Ima, doko ni imasu ka.) |
| 佐藤けい子: 公園の入口にいます。(Kōen no iriguchi ni imasu.) |
| 田中明: 池が見えますか。(Ike ga miemasu ka.) |
| 佐藤けい子: はい、見えます。(Hai, miemasu.) |
| 田中明: 池の橋を渡ってください。(Ike no hashi o watatte kudasai.) |
| : 橋の近くでバーベキューをしています。(Hashi no chikaku de bābekyū o shite imasu.) |
| 佐藤けい子: 橋？ん？ちょっとわかりません。(Hashi? N? Chotto wakarimasen.) |
| 田中明: わかりました。じゃ、入り口で待っていてください。今行きます！(Wakarimashita. Ja, iriguchi de matte ite kudasai. Ima ikimasu!) |
| Naomi: 今度は英語が入ります。(Kondo wa Eigo ga hairimasu.) |
| 佐藤けい子:田中さん？佐藤です。場所がわかりません。(Tanaka-san? Satō desu. Basho ga wakarimasen.) |
| Jessi: Mr.Tanaka ? It's Sato. I can't find the place. |
| 田中明:今、どこにいますか。(Ima, doko ni imasu ka.) |
| Jessi: Where are you now? |
| 佐藤けい子: 公園の入口にいます。(Kōen no iriguchi ni imasu.) |
| Jessi: I'm at the park entrance. |
| 田中明: 池が見えますか。(Ike ga miemasu ka.) |
| Jessi: Can you see a pond? |
| 佐藤けい子: はい、見えます。(Hai, miemasu.) |
| Jessi: Yes, I see it! |
| 田中明: 池の橋を渡ってください。(Ike no hashi o watatte kudasai.) |
| Jessi: Cross the bridge that goes over the pond. |
| : 橋の近くでバーベキューをしています。(Hashi no chikaku de bābekyū o shite imasu.) |
| Jessi: We're having the barbeque near the bridge. |
| 佐藤けい子: 橋？ん？ちょっとわかりません。(Hashi? N? Chotto wakarimasen.) |
| Jessi: Bridge? Hmm? I don't know where it is. |
| 田中明: わかりました。じゃ、入り口で待っていてください。今行きます！(Wakarimashita. Ja, iriguchi de matte ite kudasai. Ima ikimasu!) |
| Jessi: Okay, well, just wait there at the entrance. I'll be right there. |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Jessi: So Keiko is going to have a barbecue with Akira in the park. Sounds nice! |
| Naomi: そうですね。(Sō desu ne.) And it sounds like the park is pretty big. |
| Jessi: Right. This park has an 池 (ike), pond, and 橋 (hashi), bridge. But Naomi-sensei, you need to get permission to have a barbecue in the park, right? I mean, not just anyone can go to any park and have a barbecue. |
| Naomi: そうですね。(Sō desu ne.) It really depends on the park but you probably need to make a reservation beforehand and you probably have to pay some money. |
| Jessi: Mmm, I see. And I think some parks have strict rules, too. So we recommend that you check with the park before you decide to have a barbecue. |
| Naomi: そのほうがいいですね。(Sono hō ga ii desu ne.) I think so, too. |
Lesson focus |
|---|
| Jessi: In this lesson, you'll learn particles that indicate location and correspond to "in", "on", or "at" in English. |
| Naomi: The particles that we’re covering here are に (ni), で (de) and を (o). Why don’t we start with particle に (ni)? |
| Jessi: OK. The particle に (ni) marks the location where a person or thing exists. |
| Naomi: In lesson 4, we covered the verb いる (iru), which means to ”to exist” or “to have” for animate objects, and ある (aru), which means to “to exist” or “to have” for inanimate objects. |
| For example, |
| 警察がいる。(Keisatsu ga iru.) “There’s a police officer.” and… |
| トイレがある。(Toire ga aru.) “There’s a restroom.” |
| Jessi: When you want to describe where the object is, you can say the location and attach に (ni). For example? |
| Naomi: 駅 (eki) is “train station” So… 駅に警察がいる。(Eki ni keisatsu ga iru.) |
| Jessi: There’s a police officer at the train station. Note that the location, 駅 (eki), was followed by the particle に (ni). Can we hear the same sentence again? |
| Naomi: Sure. 駅に警察がいる。(Eki ni keisatsu ga iru.) |
| Jessi How do you say there’s a restroom? |
| Naomi: トイレがある。(Toire ga aru.) |
| Jessi: Let’s add the location of the restroom. How do you say “there’s a restroom on the second floor”? |
| Naomi: The second floor is 二階 (ni-kai). So….二階にトイレがある。(Ni-kai ni toire ga aru.) |
| Jessi: There’s a restroom on the second floor. OK. |
| Along with these verbs that express existence, such as ある (aru) and いる (iru), the particle に (ni) is often used with certain verbs such as 住む (sumu) "to live", and 勤める (tsutomeru) "to work for", where it marks the location. |
| Naomi: そうですね。(Sō desu ne.) For example, ケンはロンドンに住んでいる。(Ken wa Rondon ni sunde iru.) |
| Jessi: “Ken lives in London.” ロンドンに 住んでいる。(Rondon ni sunde iru.) Did you notice that the place Ken lives was marked by に (ni) and then followed by 住んでいる (sunde iru)？ |
| Naomi: As for the verb 勤める (tsutomeru), “to work for”, ケンは銀行に勤めている。(Ken wa ginkō ni tsutomete iru.) |
| Jessi: “Ken works for a bank.” 銀行に勤めている。(Ginkō ni tsutomete iru.) The place Ken works for…which in this case is a bank, 銀行 (ginkō), is marked by に (ni) and followed by 勤めている (tsutomete iru). |
| Naomi: そうですね。銀行 に 勤めている。(Sō desu ne. Ginkō ni tsutomete iru.) |
| Jessi: OK. And now on to the next particle, で (de). |
| The particle で (de) marks where an action takes place. |
| Naomi: Right. 学校 (gakkō) is “school”, and 勉強する (benkyō suru) is “to study.” So…わたしは学校で勉強する。(Watashi wa gakkō de benkyō suru.) |
| Jessi: This means “I study at school”. |
| Note that the place 学校 (gakkō) was marked by で (de). |
| So 学校で (gakkō de) at school, and then 勉強する (benkyō suru) “to study,” becomes 学校で勉強する (gakkō de benkyō suru), “I study at school.” |
| Naomi: Here’s another example. 公園 (kōen) is park, and 会う (au) is to meet. So 公園で会う (kōen de au) is “to meet at the park.” |
| Jessi: Then how do you say “Let’s meet at the park”? |
| Naomi: 公園で会いましょう。(Kōen de aimashō.) |
| And please be careful - で (de) cannot be used with the verbs ある (aru), いる (iru), すむ (sumu) and つとめる (tsutomeru). The location for those verbs has to be marked by に (ni). |
| Jessi: Right So for example, “I live in Tokyo” is usually? |
| Naomi: 東京に住んでいる。(Tōkyō ni sunde iru.) |
| Jessi: And ‘I work for a bank’ is usually? |
| Naomi: 銀行に勤めている。(Ginkō ni tsutomete iru.) |
| Naomi: The last particle we’ll be looking at is を (o). |
| Jessi: Right, the particle を (o). In lesson 2, you learned the usage of particle を (o) as an object marker, but in this lesson you’ll learn how it’s used to indicate the place of movement. It might be a little complicated, but hang with us. |
| Naomi: はい。(Hai.) When talking about location, the particle o is used only with verbs that describe motion such as 歩く (aruku) "to walk", 飛ぶ (tobu) "to fly", 渡る (wataru) "to cross", 曲がる (magaru) "to turn", 泳ぐ (oyogu) “to swim”, 登る (noboru) “to climb” and so on. |
| Jessi: So here let’s go through some different examples so we can see how it’s used. The first one is ‘to walk through the park’, which is? |
| Naomi: 公園を歩く (kōen o aruku). |
| Jessi: “To cross a bridge”? |
| Naomi: Bridge is 橋 (hashi), so 橋を渡る (hashi o wataru). |
| Jessi: “To swim in the river”? |
| Naomi: River is 川 (kawa), so 川を泳ぐ (kawa o oyogu). |
| Jessi: “To climb a mountain” is? |
| Naomi: A mountain is 山 (yama), so 山を登る (yama o noboru). |
| Jessi: In this lesson we went over particles that indicate location. |
| Let’s recap this lesson with a quiz. |
| How do you say “to cross the bridge”? |
| Naomi: 1. 橋にわたる (hashi ni wataru) 2. 橋をわたる (hashi o wataru) 3.橋でわたる (hashi de wataru) |
| Jessi: And the answer is? |
| Naomi: 2. 橋を渡る (hashi o wataru) |
| Jessi: The place of movement is marked by the particle を (o) here. |
| OK. And now on to the next question. How do you say “There’s a restroom in the station”? |
| Naomi: 1. 駅にトイレがある (eki ni toire ga aru) 2. 駅でトイレがある (eki de toire ga aru) 3. 駅をトイレがある (eki o toire ga aru) |
| Jessi: And the answer is? |
| Naomi: 1. 駅にトイレがある (eki ni toire ga aru) |
| Jessi: Do you remember? The particle に (ni) marks the location where a person or thing exists. |
| Naomi: Right. Remember that ある (aru) means “to exist”. |
| Naomi: OK. So, that’s all for this lesson. それじゃまた！(Soreja mata!) |
| Jessi: See you next time. |
| DIALOGUE |
| 佐藤けい子:田中さん？佐藤です。場所がわかりません。(Tanaka-san? Satō desu. Basho ga wakarimasen.) |
| 田中明:今、どこにいますか。(Ima, doko ni imasu ka.) |
| 佐藤けい子: 公園の入口にいます。(Kōen no iriguchi ni imasu.) |
| 田中明: 池が見えますか。(Ike ga miemasu ka.) |
| 佐藤けい子: はい、見えます。(Hai, miemasu.) |
| 田中明: 池の橋を渡ってください。(Ike no hashi o watatte kudasai.) |
| : 橋の近くでバーベキューをしています。(Hashi no chikaku de bābekyū o shite imasu.) |
| 佐藤けい子: 橋？ん？ちょっとわかりません。(Hashi? N? Chotto wakarimasen.) |
| 田中明: わかりました。じゃ、入り口で待っていてください。今行きます！(Wakarimashita. Ja, iriguchi de matte ite kudasai. Ima ikimasu!) |
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