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| INTRODUCTION |
| Jessi: Your Japanese speaking goals would be met no time with particles へ (e), に (ni) and で (de). |
| Naomi: こんにちは、ナオミです。(Kon’nichiwa, Naomi desu.) |
| Jessi: Jessi here. All right, from Lesson 21 we’re reviewing the particles we learned in this series. Which particles did we review in the previous lesson? |
| Naomi: We reviewed the usage of は (wa), が (ga) and を (o). |
| Jessi: And what particles are we reviewing in this lesson? In this lesson, we will review the usage of particles へ (e), に (ni) and で (de). |
| Naomi: And who is this conversation between? |
| Naomi: 先生と生徒の会話です。(Sensei to seito no kaiwa desu.) A teacher and a student. 佐藤けい子さんは先生。かおるさんは生徒です。(Satō Keiko-san wa sensei. Kaoru-san wa seito desu.) Keiko Sato is the teacher and Kaoru is the student. |
| Jessi: And where does this conversation take place? |
| Naomi: 学校の保健室。(Gakkō no hokenshitsu.) |
| Jessi: A nurse’s office at school. And it looks like Kaoru is not feeling well. So let’s listen to the conversation. |
| DIALOGUE |
| （保健室）(Hokenshitsu) |
| 佐藤けい子:びっくりしたわよ。だめよ。ご飯を食べなさい。(Bikkuri shita wa yo. Dame yo. Gohan o tabenasai.) |
| かおる:でも、きれいになりたいんです。モデルになりたいんです。(Demo, kirei ni naritai n desu. Moderu ni naritai n desu.) |
| 佐藤けい子:何をいっているの。病気になるわよ。(Nani o itte iru no. Byōki ni naru wa yo.) |
| : 今、一人で住んでいるの？(Ima, hitori de sunde iru no?) |
| かおる:いえ、兄と二人で住んでいます。(Ie, ani to futari de sunde imasu.) |
| : 両親は仕事で海外に住んでいます。(Ryōshin wa shigoto de kaigai ni sunde imasu.) |
| 佐藤けい子:わかった。仕事、５時で終わるから、一緒に家でご飯を食べましょう。(Wakatta. Shigoto, go-ji de owaru kara, issho ni uchi de gohan o tabemashō.) |
| かおる:え？先生の家へ行くんですか？(E? Sensei no uchi e iku n desu ka?) |
| 佐藤けい子:お兄さんと二人で来て。(O-nii-san to futari de kite.) |
| もう一度お願いします。今度はゆっくりお願いします。(Mō ichi-do onegai shimasu. Kondo wa yukkuri onegai shimasu.) |
| （保健室）(Hokenshitsu) |
| 佐藤けい子:びっくりしたわよ。だめよ。ご飯を食べなさい。(Bikkuri shita wa yo. Dame yo. Gohan o tabenasai.) |
| かおる:でも、きれいになりたいんです。モデルになりたいんです。(Demo, kirei ni naritai n desu. Moderu ni naritai n desu.) |
| 佐藤けい子:何をいっているの。病気になるわよ。(Nani o itte iru no. Byōki ni naru wa yo.) |
| : 今、一人で住んでいるの？(Ima, hitori de sunde iru no?) |
| かおる:いえ、兄と二人で住んでいます。(Ie, ani to futari de sunde imasu.) |
| : 両親は仕事で海外に住んでいます。(Ryōshin wa shigoto de kaigai ni sunde imasu.) |
| 佐藤けい子:わかった。仕事、５時で終わるから、一緒に家でご飯を食べましょう。(Wakatta. Shigoto, go-ji de owaru kara, issho ni uchi de gohan o tabemashō.) |
| かおる:え？先生の家へ行くんですか？(E? Sensei no uchi e iku n desu ka?) |
| 佐藤けい子:お兄さんと二人で来て。(O-nii-san to futari de kite.) |
| 今度は英語が入ります。Kondo wa Eigo ga hairimasu. |
| （保健室）(Hokenshitsu) |
| Jessi(In the nurse's office) |
| 佐藤けい子:びっくりしたわよ。だめよ。ご飯を食べなさい。(Bikkuri shita wa yo. Dame yo. Gohan o tabenasai.) |
| Jessi: It really took me by surprise! That's not good. You must eat something. |
| かおる:でも、きれいになりたいんです。モデルになりたいんです。(Demo, kirei ni naritai n desu. Moderu ni naritai n desu.) |
| Jessi: But, I want to be pretty. I want to be a model. |
| 佐藤けい子:何をいっているの。病気になるわよ。(Nani o itte iru no. Byōki ni naru wa yo.) |
| Jessi: What are you talking about? You'll get sick! |
| : 今、一人で住んでいるの？(Ima, hitori de sunde iru no?) |
| Jessi: Are you living by yourself now? |
| かおる:いえ、兄と二人で住んでいます。(Ie, ani to futari de sunde imasu.) |
| Jessi: No, I live with my older brother. |
| : 両親は仕事で海外に住んでいます。(Ryōshin wa shigoto de kaigai ni sunde imasu.) |
| Jessi: My parents live abroad because of their jobs. |
| 佐藤けい子:わかった。仕事、５時で終わるから、一緒に家でご飯を食べましょう。(Wakatta. Shigoto, go-ji de owaru kara, issho ni uchi de gohan o tabemashō.) |
| Jessi: I see. My job ends at five o'clock, so let's all eat dinner at my house. |
| かおる:え？先生の家へ行くんですか？(E? Sensei no uchi e iku n desu ka?) |
| Jessi: Huh? You mean, I'll go to your house? |
| 佐藤けい子:お兄さんと二人で来て。(O-nii-san to futari de kite.) |
| Jessi: Come together with your brother. |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Naomi: This story continues from Lesson 19. If you remember, in Lesson 19, Kaoru collapsed. She probably was carried to the nurse’s office. |
| Jessi: I see, and what ended up being her problem? |
| Naomi: 多分、ご飯を食べませんでしたね。(Tabun, gohan o tabemasen deshita ne.) It’s probably because she didn’t eat anything. |
| Jessi: Ah, because she was trying to lose weight. |
| Naomi: Because she wanted to be a model. |
| Jessi: That’s why she collapsed. And so then Keiko invited Kaoru for dinner. |
| Naomi: そうですね。(Sō desu ne.) Keiko was saying 一緒に家でご飯を食べましょう。(Issho ni uchi de gohan o tabemashō.) “Let's eat dinner at my house.” |
| Jessi: That was really nice of her! |
| Naomi: ねー！親切ですね。(Nē! Shinsetsu desu ne.) |
Lesson focus |
|---|
| Jessi: In this lesson, you'll review the particles へ (e), に (ni) and で (de). You'll also learn a new construction and [adjective or noun + なる (naru)] and more ways to use the particle で (de). |
| Naomi: That’s right. Why don’t we start with the easiest one, へ (e). |
| Jessi: Good idea. The particle へ (e) indicates a direction or goal, and it can be replaced with the particle に (ni). Can we hear some sample sentences? |
| Naomi: OK. これは空港へ行きますか。(Kore wa kūkō e ikimasu ka.) |
| Jessi: “Does this go to the airport?” |
| Naomi: Of course, you can also say これは空港に行きますか。(Kore wa kūkō ni ikimasu ka.) |
| Jessi: Right. Be careful, へ (e) can be replaced by に (ni), but に (ni) cannot always replaced by へ (e). |
| Naomi: うーん。(Ūn.) に (ni) has broader usage. |
| Jessi: Right. に (ni) is used not only for direction or goals, but also location, time, time duration, movement, purpose and so on. It’s used in a lot of ways! |
| Naomi: ね、たくさんありますね。(Ne, takusan arimasu ne.) |
| Jessi: はい。(Hai.) Can we hear how に (ni) is used to show a purpose? |
| Naomi: Sure. 買い物に行く。(Kaimono ni iku.) “To go shopping.” |
| Jessi: This usage was covered in Lesson 5. How about an example of に (ni) indicating time? |
| Naomi: This was covered in Lesson 6. 六月に日本へ行きます。(Roku-gatsu ni Nihon e ikimasu.) “I'm going to Japan in June.” |
| Jessi: に (ni) is also used to talk about the frequency something takes place. |
| Naomi: そうですね。(Sō desu ne.) |
| Jessi: So how would you say “once a week”? |
| Naomi: OK. “Once” is 一度 (ichi-do), “one week” is 一週間 (isshūkan). So… 一週間に一度 (isshūkan ni ichi-do). |
| Jessi: How about “twice a day”? |
| Naomi: “Twice” is 二度 (ni-do) and “a day” is 一日 (ichi-nichi). So… 一日に二度 (ichi-nichi ni ni-do). |
| Jessi: So, Naomi-sensei, let me try asking you a question. How often do you go get a haircut? |
| Naomi: うーんとね… 三ヶ月に一度ですね。(Ūn to ne… san-kagetsu ni ichi-do desu ne.) |
| Jessi: Once every three months? |
| Naomi: はい。(Hai.) Right. |
| Jessi: In Lesson 7 we learned that に (ni) also marks the location where a person or thing exists. |
| Naomi: そうですね。赤坂にオフィスがあります。(Sō desu ne. Akasaka ni ofisu ga arimasu.) |
| Jessi: “Our office is located in Akasaka.” or “There’s an office in Akasaka”… depending on the context. |
| Naomi: And you can also mark the place you live and the company you work for with に (ni). |
| Jessi: For example? |
| Naomi: 私は千葉に住んでいます。(Watashi wa Chiba ni sunde imasu.) “I live in Chiba.” Innovative Language Learningに勤めています。(Innovative Language Learning ni tsutomete imasu.) “I work for Innovative Language Learning.” |
| Jessi: And now, we’re going to introduce you to a new usage of に (ni). |
| When に (ni) comes before the verb なる (naru) "to become", it indicates the result of a change. |
| Naomi: Right. In the dialogue, Kaoru said… |
| きれいになりたい (kirei ni naritai) “I want to be pretty” and モデルになりたい (moderu ni naritai) “I want to be a model.” |
| Jessi: So [such and such] になる (ni naru) is “to become [such and such]". |
| Naomi: Right. |
| Jessi: And now on to to the last particle で (de). |
| で (de) marks locations, the means of doing something, materials something is made from, a reason for something, and so on. |
| Naomi: たくさんありますね！ (Takusan arimasu ne!) There’s a lot! We learned this in Lesson 7, 15 and 18. |
| In the dialogue, Kaoru said, 両親は仕事で海外に住んでいます。(Ryōshin wa shigoto de kaigai ni sunde imasu.) “My parents live abroad because of their jobs.” This で (de) as in 仕事で (shigoto de) expresses a reason or a cause. 仕事で (shigoto de) is “due to work” or “because of work”. |
| Jessi: Right, and then Keiko said 家でご飯を食べましょう。(Uchi de gohan o tabemashō.) “Let's eat dinner at my house.” This で (de) as in 家で (ie de) indicates where the action of eating dinner takes place. |
| Naomi: There are some other new usages that were introduced in the dialogue. |
| Jessi: Right, like で (de) being used to indicate the condition of an action. |
| Naomi 一人 (hitori) is “one person.” 一人で (hitori de) is “by oneself.” |
| So if you say 一人で住む (hitori de sumu), it means “to live by oneself”, 一人で行く (hitori de iku) means “to go by oneself.” |
| Jessi: So in the dialogue, Keiko said … |
| Naomi: 今、一人で住んでいるの？(Ima, hitori de sunde iru no?) “Are you living by yourself now?” |
| Jessi: Here 一人で (hitori de) “by oneself” is the condition of the action 住む (sumu) “to live.” |
| Naomi: Kaoru answered いえ、兄と二人で住んでいます。(Ie, ani to futari de sunde imasu.) |
| Jessi: “No, I live with my older brother.” 二人で住んでいます (futari de sunde imasu) basically means “there are two of us living together”, if you’re talking about yourself. |
| And one more new usage of で (de) appeared in the dialogue. Keiko said… 仕事、五時で終わる (shigoto, go-ji de owaru) “my job ends at 5.” So this で (de) marks the time that something finishes. |
| Naomi: You can also say 五時に終わる (go-ji ni owaru). |
| Jessi: And this means the same thing - “My job ends at 5.” So then what’s the difference between 五時に終わる (go-ji ni owaru) and 五時で終わる (go-ji de owaru)? |
| Naomi: Well… the difference is very subtle. |
| 五時に終わる (go-ji ni owaru) is a general statement. 五時で終わる (go-ji de owaru) emphasizes the fact that your work continues up until 5. But they are basically saying the same thing. |
| Jessi: In this lesson you reviewed how to use へ (e), に (ni) and で (de). |
| Now let’s recap this lesson with a quiz. |
| I’m going to read an English sentence. Your job is to choose the best Japanese translation from the choices provided. Are you ready? Here’s the sentence. |
| “It will become quiet.” |
| Naomi: 1. しずかへなる (shizuka e naru) |
| 2. しずかになる (shizuka ni naru) |
| 3. しずかでなる (shizuka de naru) |
| Jessi: All right, and the answer is? |
| Naomi: 2. しずかになる (shizuka ni naru) |
| Jessi: [Na-adjective/ noun] plus になる (ni naru) means “to become [that adjective or noun]” You need the particle に (ni) between the adjective or noun and the verb なる (naru). |
| Let’s do one more quiz question. |
| Jessi: How do you say… “I go shopping by myself”? |
| Naomi: 1. 一人へ買い物に行きます。(Hitori e kaimono ni ikimasu.) |
| 2. 一人に買い物に行きます。(Hitori ni kaimono ni ikimasu.) |
| 3. 一人で買い物に行きます。(Hitori de kaimono ni ikimasu.) |
| Jessi: And what’s the answer? |
| Naomi: 3. 一人で買い物に行きます。(Hitori de kaimono ni ikimasu.) |
| Jessi: So we use で (de) here to talk about the condition. 一人で (hitori de) means by oneself or alone and 買い物に行きます (kaimono ni ikimasu) is to go shopping. So altogether “I go shopping by myself.” |
| Naomi: 一人で買い物に行きます。(Hitori de kaimono ni ikimasu.) |
| Jessi: All right, well, that’s all for this lesson. |
| Naomi: それじゃあまた。(Sorejā mata.) |
| Jessi: See you next time. |
| DIALOGUE |
| （保健室）(Hokenshitsu) |
| 佐藤けい子:びっくりしたわよ。だめよ。ご飯を食べなさい。(Bikkuri shita wa yo. Dame yo. Gohan o tabenasai.) |
| かおる:でも、きれいになりたいんです。モデルになりたいんです。(Demo, kirei ni naritai n desu. Moderu ni naritai n desu.) |
| 佐藤けい子:何をいっているの。病気になるわよ。(Nani o itte iru no. Byōki ni naru wa yo.) |
| : 今、一人で住んでいるの？(Ima, hitori de sunde iru no?) |
| かおる:いえ、兄と二人で住んでいます。(Ie, ani to futari de sunde imasu.) |
| : 両親は仕事で海外に住んでいます。(Ryōshin wa shigoto de kaigai ni sunde imasu.) |
| 佐藤けい子:わかった。仕事、５時で終わるから、一緒に家でご飯を食べましょう。(Wakatta. Shigoto, go-ji de owaru kara, issho ni uchi de gohan o tabemashō.) |
| かおる:え？先生の家へ行くんですか？(E? Sensei no uchi e iku n desu ka?) |
| 佐藤けい子:お兄さんと二人で来て。(O-nii-san to futari de kite.) |
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