Learn about telling someone has disappeared
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Jessi: Other particles are useful but Japanese particles は (wa) and も (mo) are crucial. |
| Naomi: こんにちは、ナオミです。(Kon’nichiwa, Naomi desu.) |
| Jessi: Jessi here. OK, what did we study in the previous lesson? |
| Naomi: We studied the particle は (wa) when used to show contrast, and the particle が (ga) when used to mean “but”. |
| Jessi: Can we hear a sample sentence using both of those? |
| Naomi: はい。野球は得意ですが、サッカーはちょっと・・・。(Hai. Yakyū wa tokui desu ga, sakkā wa chotto…) |
| Jessi: I’m good at baseball but not at soccer… So what particles are we covering in this lesson? |
| Naomi: In this lesson, you'll learn how to use double particles with は (wa) and も (mo). |
| Jessi: And who is this conversation between? |
| Naomi: 田中明さんと子供の親です。(Tanaka Akira-san to kodomo no oya desu.) |
| Jessi: Akira Tanaka and the child’s parents. |
| Naomi: 二人は電話で話していますね。田中明さんは、学校の先生です。(Futari wa denwa de hanashite imasu ne. Tanaka Akira-san wa, gakkō no sensei desu.) |
| Jessi: Akira Tanaka is a school teacher. And he’s talking with a parent, one of his students on the phone. All right, so let’s listen to the conversation. |
| DIALOGUE |
| (電話）(Denwa) |
| 田中明: はい、田中です。(Hai, Tanaka desu.) |
| 子供の親: 先生？うちの子供がいないんです。(Sensei? Uchi no kodomo ga inai n desu.) |
| 田中明: は？(Ha?) |
| 子供の親: 家にも塾にもいません。(Ie ni mo juku ni mo imasen.) |
| : 友達のうちへも、電話しましたが、いないんです。(Tomodachi no uchi e mo, denwa shimashita ga, inai n desu.) |
| 田中明:警察へは電話をしましたか。(Keisatsu e wa denwa o shimashita ka.) |
| 子供の親: ええ？警察？(Ee? Keisatsu?) |
| もう一度お願いします。今度はゆっくりお願いします。(Mō ichi-do onegai shimasu. Kondo wa yukkuri onegai shimasu.) |
| 田中明: はい、田中です。(Hai, Tanaka desu.) |
| 子供の親: 先生？うちの子供がいないんです。(Sensei? Uchi no kodomo ga inai n desu.) |
| 田中明: は？(Ha?) |
| 子供の親: 家にも塾にもいません。(Ie ni mo juku ni mo imasen.) |
| : 友達のうちへも、電話しましたが、いないんです。(Tomodachi no uchi e mo, denwa shimashita ga, inai n desu.) |
| 田中明:警察へは電話をしましたか。(Keisatsu e wa denwa o shimashita ka.) |
| 子供の親: ええ？警察？(Ee? Keisatsu?) |
| 今度は英語が入ります。(Kondo wa Eigo ga hairimasu.) |
| 田中明: はい、田中です。(Hai, Tanaka desu.) |
| Jessi: Hello, Tanaka speaking. |
| 子供の親: 先生？うちの子供がいないんです。(Sensei? Uchi no kodomo ga inai n desu.) |
| Jessi: Mr. Tanaka? I can't find my child. |
| 田中明: は？(Ha?) |
| Jessi: What? |
| 子供の親: 家にも塾にもいません。(Ie ni mo juku ni mo imasen.) |
| Jessi: He's not at home or at cram school. |
| : 友達のうちへも、電話しましたが、いないんです。(Tomodachi no uchi e mo, denwa shimashita ga, inai n desu.) |
| Jessi: I called his friends' houses as well, but he wasn't there. |
| 田中明:警察へは電話をしましたか。(Keisatsu e wa denwa o shimashita ka.) |
| Jessi: Have you called the police? |
| 子供の親: ええ？警察？(Ee? Keisatsu?) |
| Jessi: What? The police?? |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Jessi: 子供が心配ですね！(Kodomo ga shinpai desu ne!) |
| Naomi ねぇ、大丈夫ですかね…。(Nee, daijōbu desu ka ne…) |
| Jessi: The kid is nowhere to be found… I can imagine that the mother must be really worried. |
| Naomi: そうねぇ…。(Sō nee…) If this happened in Japan, the first person the parents would contact is a teacher. |
| Jessi: Oh really? |
| Naomi: Yeah, but in the States…? |
| Jessi: I don’t think so. |
| Naomi: Oh, really? |
| Jessi: That’s really interesting, I didn’t know that. So that’s why they’re talking on the phone, the parent and the teacher. |
| Naomi: そうです。(Sō desu.) |
| Jessi: Ah, that makes sense. |
| Naomi: I’d like to go over some of the vocab in the dialogue, because there is some good vocab in the dialogue. |
| Jessi: OK, great. What’s the first one? |
| Naomi: How do you say 塾 (juku) in English? |
| Jessi: That would be “cram school.” This is a private school that many students go to after they get out of their regular school, and they go there for extra instruction. |
| Naomi: OK, the next word is 警察 (keisatsu). |
| Jessi: Police. |
| Naomi: うち (uchi) |
| Jessi Home, or house. |
| Naomi: うち (uchi) appears twice in the dialogue, right? The second うち (uchi) means home or house, but the first うち (uchi) is a little different. The parent said うちの子供 (uchi no kodomo), which means my child. うちの (uchi no) could also mean “my”. |
| Jessi: So instead of, say, 私の (watashi no), they would say うちの (uchi no). |
| Naomi: そうですね。(Sō desu ne.) |
| Jessi: Do you ever use うちの (uchi no)? |
| Naomi: あ、もう、いつもです。(A, mō, itsumo desu.) |
| Jessi: Oh really? |
| Naomi: Yeah, actually I always use it. |
| Jessi: Oh, interesting. |
| Naomi: ジェシーさんは？(Jeshī-san wa?) |
| Jessi: Never. |
| Naomi: 本当？(Hontō?) |
| Jessi: I’ve never used it. I don’t know exactly how it sounds, so I’ve never used it. |
Lesson focus |
|---|
| Jessi: In this lesson, you'll learn how to use double particles with は (wa) and も (mo). |
| Naomi: Let’s start with the particle は (wa). |
| Jessi: As you learned in lesson 11, the particle は (wa) can be used to show contrast. |
| Naomi: そうですね。(Sō desu ne.) When contrasting the object or subject, you replace を (o) or が (ga) with は (wa). |
| For example, わたしは音楽が得意だ。(Watashi wa ongaku ga tokui da.) |
| Jessi: “I'm good at playing music.” 得意 (tokui) means “to be good at” and is talking about one’s ability, so the object is marked by が (ga). That gives us 音楽が得意だ。(Ongaku ga tokui da.) |
| If you want to show contrast, such as “I'm good at playing music, but I'm not good at sports”, then you have to mark the object with は (wa). |
| Naomi: そうですね。(Sō desu ne.) Right. So…わたしは音楽は得意だが、運動は得意じゃない。(Watashi wa ongaku wa tokui da ga, undō wa tokui ja nai.) |
| Jessi: “I'm good at playing music, but I'm not good at sports.” Now for showing contrast for location or destination, which use the particles に (ni) and へ (e), there are two ways to do this, right? |
| Naomi: そうですね。(Sō dseu ne.) Right. The first option is “Replace へ (e) or に (ni) with は (wa).“ |
| For example, “I went to Madrid.” is マドリッドへ行きました。(Madoriddo e ikimashita.) and “I didn’t go to Barcelona.” is バルセロナへ行きませんでした。(Baruserona e ikimasen deshita.) |
| Jessi These are the original sentences. Note how the destinations are marked by the particle へ (e). Of course you can also use に (ni). So…if you want to show contrast and say “I went to Madrid, but I didn't go to Barcelona ”, you show that contrast by replacing へ (e) with は (wa). |
| Naomi: そうですね。(Sō desu ne.) Right. マドリッドは行きましたが、バルセロナは行きませんでした。(Madoriddo wa ikimashita ga, Baruserona wa ikimasen deshita.) “I went to Madrid, but I didn't go to Barcelona.” |
| Jessi: And what’s the other option? |
| Naomi: You can add は (wa) to に (ni) or へ (e). |
| Jessi: So that would be マドリッドへは行きました (Madoriddo e wa ikimashita), right？ |
| Naomi: そうですそうです (sō desu sō desu), right. Exactly. マドリッドへは行きましたが、バルセロナへはいきませんでした。(Madoriddo e wa ikimashita ga, Baruserona e wa ikimasen deshita.) |
| Jessi: Now, when you want to show contrast for information followed by other particles such as に (ni) (used to talk about time, location, purpose), で (de) (which is "in”, “at” “on"), と (to) (which is "with"), から (kara) (which is "from") and まで (made) (which is "until") and so on, the particle は (wa) comes AFTER all of those particles. |
| Naomi: そうです。(Sō desu.) For example, 父と日本語を話します。(Chichi to Nihon-go o hanashimasu.) is “I speak with my father in Japanese.” 母と英語を話します。(Haha to Eigo o hanashimasu.) is “I speak with my mother in English.” And if you put these two pieces of information together, you get 父とは日本語を話しますが、母とは英語を話します。(Chichi to wa Nihon-go o hanashimasu ga, haha to wa Eigo o hanashimasu.) |
| Jessi: “I speak with my father in Japanese and I speak with my mother in English.” |
| Here, と (to) means “with”, and it is followed by the particle は (wa) as in 父とは (chichi to wa), 母とは (haha to wa). |
| Jessi: OK. On to double particles using も (mo). |
| As you learned in Lessons 1 and 8, the particle も (mo) follows a noun and means "too" or "also". |
| Naomi: Be careful where you put も (mo), because it could affect the meaning of the sentence. |
| Jessi: How so? |
| Naomi: 「わたしも」フランス語が話せます。(‘Watashi mo’ Furansu-go ga hanasemasu.) is “I also speak French.” It sounds like there is someone else who can speak French. But わたしは「フランス語も」話せます。(Watashi wa ‘Furansu-go mo’ hanasemasu.) is “I also speak French.” It sounds like this person can speak other languages. |
| Jessi: So let’s just get this straight…わたしもフランス語が話せます。(Watashi mo Furansu-go ga hanasemasu.) means “I speak French in addition to somebody else” and わたしはフランス語も話せます。(Watashi wa Furansu-go mo hanasemasu.) means “I speak French in addition to other languages.” |
| Naomi: そうですね。(Sō desu ne.) So you need to put も (mo) right after the noun you want to emphasize. |
| Jessi: I see, that makes sense. When you want to emphasize the topic, subject or object, you replace は (wa), が (ga) or を (o) with も (mo). |
| Naomi: For example. 新しいくつがほしい。(Atarashii kutsu ga hoshii.) “I want new shoes.” |
| 新しいかばんもほしい。(Atarashii kaban mo hoshii.) “I also want a new bag.” |
| Jessi: See how が (ga) was replaced with も (mo)? |
| In the second sentence, 新しいカバンもほしい (atarashii kaban mo hoshii), we use も (mo) because we already mentioned a pair of shoes. So the bag is in addition to that pair of shoes. |
| Naomi: そうです。(Sō desu.) |
| Jessi: Now, if you use も (mo) in conjunction with another particle, も (mo) will come after it. And here is an example of that. |
| Naomi: ロンドンへ 行きました。(Rondon e ikimashita.) “I went to London.” |
| パリへも 行きました。(Pari e mo ikimashita.) |
| Jessi: “I also went to Paris”, as in “I went to Paris as well as London.” As always, the lesson notes go into much more detail. There is a summary of the different rules of combining and replacing particles, so don’t miss it.In this lesson you learned how to use double particles with は (wa) and も (mo). Now let’s recap this lesson with some quiz. |
| Naomi-sensei is going to read you a sentence in Japanese. Your job is to choose the best English sentence which has the closest nuance from the choices provided. Are you ready? Here’s the sentence. |
| Naomi: 新しい靴はほしい。(Atarashii kutsu wa hoshii.) |
| 1. I want a new pair of shoes, and I don’t want anything other than that. |
| 2. I want a new pair of shoes as well. |
| Jessi: So can we hear the question one more time? |
| Naomi: Sure. 新しい靴はほしい。(Atarashii kutsu wa hoshii.) |
| Jessi: 新しい靴 (atarashii kutsu), “new shoes”, was followed by the contrastive marker は (wa) |
| So, the speaker is implying that he/she doesn’t want anything else, just the shoes. |
| Naomi: So the translation would be? |
| Jessi: 1. I want a new pair of shoes, and I don’t want anything other than that. |
| Naomi-sensei, the translation of Choice 2, “I want a new pair of shoes as well” - what would that be? |
| Naomi: That would be 新しい靴もほしい。(Atarashii kutsu mo hoshii.) |
| Jessi: So there we have the particle も (mo), which means “in addition.” OK. Let’s do one more quiz question. This time I’m going to say the English sentence; please choose the best Japanese translation from the choices provided. |
| Here’s the sentence. “I also speak Japanese” in the sense of, “I can speak some other languages but I can also speak Japanese.” |
| Naomi: 1. 私も日本語が話せます。(Watashi mo Nihon-go ga hanasemasu.) |
| 2. 私は日本語も話せます。(Watashi wa Nihon-go mo hanasemasu.) |
| 3. 私も日本語も話せます。(Watashi mo Nihon-go mo hanasemasu.) |
| Jessi: And the answer is? |
| Naomi: 2. 私は日本語も話せます。(Watashi wa Nihon-go mo hanasemasu.) |
| Jessi: So let’s review the choices. Choice 1, 私も日本語が話せます。(Watashi mo Nihon-go ga hanasemasu.) Is “I can also speak Japanese in addition to somebody else who can.” And Choice 3, 私も日本語も話せます。(Watashi mo Nihon-go mo hanasemasu.) … What does this mean? |
| Naomi: It doesn’t sound right to me. |
| Jessi: So this isn’t natural Japanese. |
| Naomi: No. |
| Jessi: OK, all right. Well, that’s all for this lesson. |
| Naomi: じゃあまた。(Jā mata.) |
| Jessi: See you next time. |
| DIALOGUE |
| (電話） |
| 田中明: はい、田中です。(Hai, Tanaka desu.) |
| 子供の親: 先生？うちの子供がいないんです。(Sensei? Uchi no kodomo ga inai n desu.) |
| 田中明: は？(Ha?) |
| 子供の親: 家にも塾にもいません。(Ie ni mo juku ni mo imasen.) |
| : 友達のうちへも、電話しましたが、いないんです。(Tomodachi no uchi e mo, denwa shimashita ga, inai n desu.) |
| 田中明:警察へは電話をしましたか。(Keisatsu e wa denwa o shimashita ka.) |
| 子供の親: ええ？警察？(Ee? Keisatsu?) |
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