Learn how to form the negative of Class Two Japanese verbs
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Naomi: こんにちは！なおみです！(Kon’nichiwa! Naomi desu!) |
| Kat: Hi everyone, Kat here! You won’t be able to tell yourself away from this Japanese lesson. |
| Naomi:じゃあ (jā), Kat-san, please tell us what we're going to learn in this lesson. |
| Kat: In this lesson you will learn two things. One is how to make the negative form of Class 2 verbs, and the other is how to say what time you will do something. |
| Naomi: Where does this conversation take place and who is it between? |
| Kat: The conversation takes place at Madoka’s home, and it’s between Madoka, her mother, and Kent. |
| Naomi: What about the politeness level? |
| Kat: Well, Madoka and her mother speak informally to each other of course, and to Kent, but Kent speaks formally when addressing Madoka's mother. OK, so now let's listen to the conversation. |
| DIALOGUE |
| ケント (Kento):ふぁー。ねむい・・・。(Fā. Nemui…) |
| ケント (Kento):もう、ねる。お休みなさい。(Mō, neru. Oyasuminasai.) |
| まどか (Madoka):お休みー。(Oyasumī.) |
| お母さん (o-kā-san):お休みなさい。(Oyasuminasai.) |
| ケント (Kento):あ、おばさん、明日の朝、サッカーするから、六時に出ます。(A, oba-san, ashita no asa, sakkā suru kara, roku-ji ni demasu.) |
| お母さん (o-kā-san):じゃ、何時に起きるの？(Ja, nan-ji ni okiru no?) |
| ケント (Kento):五時半に起きます。(Go-ji han ni okimasu.) |
| まどか (Madoka):ぜったい、起きないよ。(Zettai, okinai yo.) |
| ケント (Kento):起きるよ。(Okiru yo.) |
| もう一度、お願いします。今度はゆっくりお願いします。(Mō ichi-do, onegai shimasu. Kondo wa yukkuri onegai shimasu.) |
| ケント (Kento):ふぁー。ねむい・・・。(Fā. Nemui…) |
| ケント (Kento):もう、ねる。お休みなさい。(Mō, neru. Oyasuminasai.) |
| まどか (Madoka):お休みー。(Oyasumī.) |
| お母さん (o-kā-san):お休みなさい。(Oyasuminasai.) |
| ケント (Kento):あ、おばさん、明日の朝、サッカーするから、六時に出ます。(A, oba-san, ashita no asa, sakkā suru kara, roku-ji ni demasu.) |
| お母さん (o-kā-san):じゃ、何時に起きるの？(Ja, nan-ji ni okiru no?) |
| ケント (Kento):五時半に起きます。(Go-ji han ni okimasu.) |
| まどか (Madoka):ぜったい、起きないよ。(Zettai, okinai yo.) |
| ケント (Kento):起きるよ。(Okiru yo.) |
| 今度は英語が入ります。(Kondo wa Eigo ga hairimasu.) |
| ケント (Kento):ふぁー。ねむい・・・。(Fā. Nemui…) |
| Kat: (yawns) I'm sleepy... |
| ケント (Kento):もう、ねる。お休みなさい。(Mō, neru. Oyasuminasai.) |
| Kat: I'm going to bed. Good night. |
| まどか (Madoka):お休みー。(Oyasumī.) |
| Kat: 'Night! |
| お母さん (o-kā-san):お休みなさい。(Oyasuminasai.) |
| Kat: Good night. |
| ケント (Kento):あ、おばさん、(A, oba-san,) |
| Kat: Oh, Auntie. |
| ケント (Kento):明日の朝、サッカーするから、六時に出ます。(ashita no asa, sakkā suru kara, roku-ji ni demasu.) |
| KAt: Tomorrow morning I'm playing soccer, so I'll be leaving at six o'clock a.m. |
| お母さん (o-kā-san):じゃ、何時に起きるの？(Ja, nan-ji ni okiru no?) |
| Kat: So what time are you getting up? |
| ケント (Kento):五時半に起きます。(Go-ji han ni okimasu.) |
| Kat: I'll get up at five-thirty a.m. |
| まどか (Madoka):ぜったい、起きないよ。(Zettai, okinai yo.) |
| Kat: You definitely won't get up. (laughs) |
| ケント (Kento):起きるよ。(Okiru yo.) |
| Kat: I will get up!! |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Kat: Hmm, judging from Madoka's reaction, it sounds like maybe Kent isn't a morning person... |
| Naomi: Yeah, I wonder if he will really get up at 5. |
| Kat: 5 a.m, it looks like they do the soccer practice before school starts. |
| Naomi: ねー！朝の５時！(Nē! Asa no go-ji!) |
| Kat: Wow, 5 in the morning, no way! |
| Naomi: ねえ。(Nee.) He said that he was going to get up at 5:30 to be exact though. キャットさんは何時に起きますか。(Kyatto-san wa nan-ji ni okimasu ka.) What time do you usually get up? |
| Kat: えっと、平日は８時ぐらいに起きます。(Etto, heijitsu wa hachi-ji gurai ni okimasu.) |
| Naomi: Oh, 平日 (heijitsu) means weekday. |
| Kat: On weekdays I get up around 8 a.m. How about you, Naomi-sensei? |
| Naomi: Same here. |
| Kat: Around the same time? |
| Naomi: うん、そうですね。(Un, sō desu ne.) |
| Kat: Not as early as 5 in the morning? OK so now, let's take a look at the vocabulary for this lesson. |
| Kat: The first word we are going to see is |
| Naomi: 眠い (nemui) [natural native speed] |
| Kat: sleepy, drowsy |
| Naomi: 眠い (nemui) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Naomi: 眠い (nemui) [natural native speed] |
| Kat: And next. |
| Naomi: おやすみなさい (oyasuminasai) [natural native speed] |
| Kat: good night |
| Naomi: おやすみなさい (oyasuminasai) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Naomi: おやすみなさい (oyasuminasai) [natural native speed] |
| Kat: And next. |
| Naomi: おばさん (oba-san) [natural native speed] |
| Kat: aunt, older/middle-aged woman |
| Naomi: おばさん (oba-san) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Naomi: おばさん (oba-san) [natural native speed] |
| Kat: Next. |
| Naomi: 起きる (okiru) [natural native speed] |
| Kat: to wake up, to get up; V2 |
| Naomi: 起きる (okiru) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Naomi: 起きる (okiru) [natural native speed] |
| Kat: And finally. |
| Naomi: 絶対 (zettai) [natural native speed] |
| Kat: absolutely, definitely, unconditionally |
| Naomi: 絶対 (zettai) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Naomi: 絶対 (zettai) [natural native speed] |
| Kat: OK so now, let's have a closer look at the usage for some of the words and phrases from this lesson. |
| Naomi: The first word we look at is ぜったい (zettai). |
| Kat: “Definitely”, “absolutely.” |
| Naomi: Sometimes this word is followed by に (ni), as in ぜったいに (zettai ni). |
| Kat: This word is used in both affirmative and negative sentences. |
| Naomi: うん。そうですね。(Un. Sō desu ne.) Right. Let's show with some examples. |
| Kat: In the dialogue, when Kent said he was going to get up at 5:30. |
| Naomi: Madoka said… 絶対、起きないよ！(Zettai, okinai yo!) |
| Kat: "You definitely won't get up." If you strongly believe something will or won't happen, you can use 絶対 (zettai). |
| Naomi: そうですね。(Sō desu ne.) Right. |
| Kat: And the next word is? |
| Naomi: もう (mō) |
| Kat: "Already", "soon." How was it used in the dialogue? |
| Naomi: Kent said… もう、ねる。おやすみなさい。(Mō, neru. Oyasuminasai.) |
| Kat: Right, it’s kind of like ”I know it might be a bit early, but I'm going to sleep already. Good night." |
| Naomi: そうですね。(Sō desu ne.) Yes, like that. Also, we haven't covered the past tense in this series, but it is used a lot with the past tense. |
| Kat: Right, to mean I’ve already done something. For example, もうしました (mō shimashita). "I've already done it." |
| Naomi: Right. |
| Kat: And the next word is...? |
| Naomi: 出る (deru) |
| Kat: A verb meaning "to leave." In polite Japanese, it's 出ます (demasu). |
| Naomi: You can use this word for when you are leaving any kind of place. Kent said… 六時に出ます。(Roku-ji ni demasu.) |
| Kat: "I'll leave at 6". We'll cover the grammar for how to say you do something at a |
| certain time later on in this lesson. |
| Naomi: Yes, so please listen for that. |
| Kat: And the last word is? |
| Naomi: ねむい (nemui) |
| Kat: “Sleepy.” |
| Naomi: That was the first thing Kent said in the dialogue… ねむい…。もう寝る。(Nemui… Mō neru.) |
| Kat: "I'm sleepy… I'm going to bed." |
| Naomi: Are you ねむい (nemui)? By any chance? |
| Kat: Oh, I’m actually ねむい (nemui) right now, because a recording studio is very dark and warm. |
| Naomi: Yeah. |
Lesson focus |
|---|
| Kat: In the last lesson, you learned how to create the negative form of Class 1 verbs. In this lesson, you'll learn how to create the negative form of Class 2 verbs. You'll also learn how to say what time you do something. First, though, let's start with the Class 2 verbs. |
| Naomi: Class 2 verbs are even easier to conjugate than Class 1 verbs. |
| Kat: Right - with Class 1 verbs, if you remember, we had to take away the last う (u) sound and then add "anai" on the end of it. |
| Naomi: Yeah - and there are many kinds of endings for Class 1 verbs, like く (ku), つ (tsu), す (su), む (mu), and so on. |
| Kat: The easy thing about Class 2 verbs, though, is that they all end in る (ru). |
| Naomi: Right. |
| Kat: Now, not every verb that ends in る (ru) is Class 2, BUT every Class 2 verb does end in る (ru). |
| Naomi: That's right. And to change it to the negative form, all you have to do is change る (ru) to ない (nai). |
| Kat: That's it, just one step. Let's try it on some verbs, shall we? |
| Naomi: Sure. Let's take the verb みる (miru). |
| Kat: To watch. |
| Naomi: Change る (ru) to ない (nai), so みる (miru) becomes みない (minai). |
| Kat: To not watch. |
| Naomi: Here's another one. The verb おきる (okiru). |
| Kat: To wake up. |
| Naomi: Change る (ru) to ない (nai), so おきる (okiru) becomes おきない (okinai). |
| Kat: To not wake up. |
| Naomi: And one more. The verb たべる (taberu). |
| Kat: To eat. I'm sure you all know this verb by now. |
| Naomi: Change る (ru) to ない (nai), so たべる (taberu) becomes たべない (tabenai). |
| Kat: To not eat. I think it's pretty straightforward, don't you? |
| Naomi: Yes, I think so! So now let's jump into some sample sentences. |
| Kat: Sounds good. How about one using 見ない, to not watch? |
| Naomi: ケントはテレビを見ない。(Kento wa terebi o minai.) |
| Kat: "Kent doesn't watch TV." Let's break this down. |
| Naomi: ケントは (Kento wa) |
| Kat: Kent plus topic particle は (wa). |
| Naomi: テレビを (terebi o) |
| Kat: TV, plus object particle を (o) |
| Naomi: 見ない (minai) |
| Kat: Doesn't watch. We briefly covered the structure A は (wa) B を (o) [verb] in the Lesson Notes of Lesson 15, so take a look at those if you are not yet familiar with this structure. Can we hear another sample sentence? |
| Naomi: Sure. 私は甘いものを食べない。(Watashi wa amai mono o tabenai.) |
| Kat: I don't eat sweets. Let's break down this one too. |
| Naomi: 私は (watashi wa) |
| Kat: I plus topic particle は (wa) |
| Naomi: 甘いものを (amai mono o) |
| Kat: Sweets or sweet things plus object particle を (o). |
| Naomi: 食べない (tabenai) |
| Kat: Don't eat. Altogether, I don't eat sweets or I don't eat sweet things. Okay, now let's move on to our second topic. |
| Naomi: Saying what time you will do an action. In Lesson 11, you learned how to say what time it is. Do you remember? |
| Kat: Here's a quick review to refresh your memory - to tell the time, you add 時 (ji) to the number of the hour. For example... |
| Naomi: いち (ichi) is one, so when you add 時 (ji), it becomes いちじ (ichi-ji). |
| Kat: One o'clock. |
| Naomi: And so on. |
| Kat: Right. So now that we remember how to say 1 o’clock. |
| Naomi: １時に食べる。(Ichi-ji ni taberu.) |
| Kat: Can you break it down? |
| Naomi: １時 (ichi-ji) |
| Kat: 1 o'clock. |
| Naomi: に (ni) |
| Kat: Particle に (ni) used for time. |
| Naomi: 食べる (taberu) |
| Kat: To eat. |
| Naomi: １時に食べる。(Ichi-ji ni taberu.) |
| Kat: "I eat at 1 o’clock.” |
| Naomi: Right, you need the particle に (ni) after the time. |
| Kat: How about some real life examples now, Naomi-sensei? What time do you go to sleep? |
| Naomi: １時にねる。(Ichi-ji ni neru.) |
| Kat: So, you go to sleep at, I would say… 1:00 a.m.? |
| Naomi: そう。(Sō.) Right. Well.. and for you, Kat, what time do you usually get up on the weekend? |
| Kat: On the weekend, I don't want to answer this, but... 週末は10時に起きます。(Shūmatsu wa jū-ji ni okimasu.) I get up at 10 a.m. on the weekend or later. |
| Naomi: Right! |
Outro |
| Kat: OK, that’s about everything for this lesson. |
| Naomi: Thanks for listening everyone! |
| Kat: See you in the next lesson. |
| Naomi: じゃあまた！(Jā mata!) |
| ケント (Kento):ふぁー。ねむい・・・。(Fā. Nemui…) |
| ケント (Kento):もう、ねる。お休みなさい。(Mō, neru. Oyasuminasai.) |
| まどか (Madoka):お休みー。(Oyasumī.) |
| お母さん (o-kā-san):お休みなさい。(Oyasuminasai.) |
| ケント (Kento):あ、おばさん、明日の朝、サッカーするから、六時に出ます。(A, oba-san, ashita no asa, sakkā suru kara, roku-ji ni demasu.) |
| お母さん (o-kā-san):じゃ、何時に起きるの？(Ja, nan-ji ni okiru no?) |
| ケント (Kento):五時半に起きます。(Go-ji han ni okimasu.) |
| まどか (Madoka):ぜったい、起きないよ。(Zettai, okinai yo.) |
| ケント (Kento):起きるよ。(Okiru yo.) |
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