Learn about particle -de (by), -e and -ni, masu form of verbs
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Jessi: Where is Your Japanese Taking You and How Will You Get there? |
| Naomi: ナオミです。(Naomi desu.) |
| Peter: Peter here. Naomi-sensei, what are we talking about today? |
| Naomi: We are working on verbs and particles again. |
| Peter: Now, today we are going to introduce you to a new particle and we are going to review an old particle, one that appeared in the last lesson but we are going to use it in a different way. You will find out that some particles can be used in more than one context. Last lesson, Fuyuka told Shu that she was going salsa dancing with Fabrizio. |
| Naomi: Oh! ファブリツィオとサルサをします。(Faburitsio to sarusa o shimasu.) |
| Peter: Today’s story is about that night. So let’s find out whether they had fun or not. Fabrizio and Fuyuka are talking, which means |
| Naomi: Polite Japanese is used. |
| Peter: As they are colleagues and they are talking at |
| Naomi: Salsa bar probably in Roppongi. |
| Peter: All right. So let’s find out what’s going on here. Here we go. |
| DIALOGUE |
| ファブリツィオ (Faburitsio) : サルサは とても 楽しいですね。あ、もう十二時ですね。冬果さんは、電車で 帰りますか。(Sarusa wa totemo tanoshii desu ne. A, mō jū ni-ji desu ne. Fuyuka-san wa, densha de kaerimasu ka.) |
| 北川 冬果 (Kitagawa Fuyuka) : うーん。タクシーで 帰ります。ファブリツィオは？(Ūn. Takushī de kaerimasu. Faburitsio wa?) |
| ファブリツィオ (Faburitsio) : 私は 友達の バーへ 行きます。(Watashi wa tomodachi no bā e ikimasu.) |
| 北川 冬果 (Kitagawa Fuyuka) : 今から？電車で 行きますか。(Ima kara? Densha de ikimasu ka.) |
| ファブリツィオ (Faburitsio) : はい。今から。地下鉄で 行きます。冬果さんも、来ますか。(Hai. Ima kara. Chikatetsu de ikimasu. Fuyuka-san mo, kimasu ka.) |
| 北川 冬果 (Kitagawa Fuyuka) : いえいえいえいえ。私は うちへ 帰ります。(Ie ie ie ie. Watashi wa uchi e kaerimasu.) |
| もう一度お願いします。今度はゆっくりお願いします。(Mō ichi-do onegai shimasu. Kondo wa yukkuri onegai shimasu.) |
| ファブリツィオ (Faburitsio) : サルサは とても 楽しいですね。あ、もう十二時ですね。冬果さんは、電車で 帰りますか。(Sarusa wa totemo tanoshii desu ne. A, mō jū ni-ji desu ne. Fuyuka-san wa, densha de kaerimasu ka.) |
| 北川 冬果 (Kitagawa Fuyuka) : うーん。タクシーで 帰ります。ファブリツィオは？(Ūn. Takushī de kaerimasu. Faburitsio wa?) |
| ファブリツィオ (Faburitsio) : 私は 友達の バーへ 行きます。(Watashi wa tomodachi no bā e ikimasu.) |
| 北川 冬果 (Kitagawa Fuyuka) : 今から？電車で 行きますか。(Ima kara? Densha de ikimasu ka.) |
| ファブリツィオ (Faburitsio) : はい。今から。地下鉄で 行きます。冬果さんも、来ますか。(Hai. Ima kara. Chikatetsu de ikimasu. Fuyuka-san mo, kimasu ka.) |
| 北川 冬果 (Kitagawa Fuyuka) : いえいえいえいえ。私は うちへ 帰ります。(Ie ie ie ie. Watashi wa uchi e kaerimasu.) |
| 次は、英語が入ります。(Tsugi wa, Eigo ga hairimasu.) |
| ファブリツィオ (Faburitsio) : サルサは とても 楽しいですね。あ、もう十二時ですね。冬果さんは、電車で 帰りますか。(Sarusa wa totemo tanoshii desu ne. A, mō jū ni-ji desu ne. Fuyuka-san wa, densha de kaerimasu ka.) |
| FABRIZIO: Salsa is fun, isn't it? Oh, it's already 12 o'clock. Are you taking a train back home, Fuyuka? |
| 北川 冬果 (Kitagawa Fuyuka) : うーん。タクシーで 帰ります。ファブリツィオは？(Ūn. Takushī de kaerimasu. Faburitsio wa?) |
| FUYUKA KITAGAWA: Well. I'm taking a taxi. How about you, Fabrizio? |
| ファブリツィオ (Faburitsio) : 私は 友達の バーへ 行きます。(Watashi wa tomodachi no bā e ikimasu.) |
| FABRIZIO: I'm going to my friend's bar. |
| 北川 冬果 (Kitagawa Fuyuka) : 今から？電車で 行きますか。(Ima kara? Densha de ikimasu ka.) |
| FUYUKA KITAGAWA: Now? Are you going there by train? |
| ファブリツィオ (Faburitsio) : はい。今から。地下鉄で 行きます。冬果さんも、来ますか。(Hai. Ima kara. Chikatetsu de ikimasu. Fuyuka-san mo, kimasu ka.) |
| FABRIZIO: Yes. Now. I'm going there by subway. Do you want to come, Fuyuka? |
| 北川 冬果 (Kitagawa Fuyuka) : いえいえいえいえ。私は うちへ 帰ります。(Ie ie ie ie. Watashi wa uchi e kaerimasu.) |
| FUYUJKA KITAGAWA:No, no. I'm going home. |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Peter: Naomi-sensei, what do you think about today’s conversation? |
| Naomi: ファブリツィオさん、元気ですね。(Faburitsio-san, genki desu ne.) |
| Peter: そうですね。(Sō desu ne.) He is really energetic. |
| Naomi: What time is it now? |
| Peter: It’s already 12. |
| Naomi: 12時？もう12時？(Jū ni-ji? Mō jū ni-ji?) |
| Peter: もう12時。(Mō jū ni-ji.) And yeah, we want to take a look at that already is in Japanese? |
| Naomi: もう (mō) |
| Peter: もう (mō) and then we have the time, もう12時 (mō jū ni-ji). |
| Naomi: He said 今から友達のバーに行きます。(Ima kara tomodachi no bā ni ikimasu.) |
| Peter: So I am going to a Friend’s bar now. Yeah, what day is it? 今日は何曜日ですか。(Kyō wa nan-yōbi desu ka.) |
| Naomi: I don’t know. Maybe 金曜日 (kin-yōbi)? I hope it’s not 月曜日 (getsu-yōbi). |
| Peter: どうでしょう。ファブリツィオさんやりますね。(Dō deshō. Faburitsio-san yarimasu ne.) He… |
| Naomi: そうですね。(Sō desu ne.) |
| Peter: Umm Okay, let’s take a look at today’s vocab. |
| VOCAB AND PHRASE USAGE |
| Peter: First we have |
| Naomi: 楽しい (tanoshii) |
| Peter: Enjoyable. |
| Naomi: (slow) たのしい (tanoshii) (natural speed) 楽しい (tanoshii) |
| Peter: Rising on the second syllable の (no) and falling on the last syllable い (i). |
| Naomi: 楽しい (tanoshii) |
| Peter: Next. |
| Naomi: 電車 (densha) |
| Peter: Train. |
| Naomi: (slow) でんしゃ (densha) (natural speed) 電車 (densha) |
| Peter: Rising on the second syllable and staying high or falling on the second syllable and staying low. |
| Naomi: 電車 (densha) or 電車 (densha) |
| Peter: Next we have |
| Naomi: 帰ります (kaerimasu) |
| Peter: To go back home, to return. |
| Naomi: (slow) かえります (kaerimasu) (natural speed) 帰ります (kaerimasu) |
| Peter: Rising on the second syllable and falling on the last syllable. Next. |
| Naomi: バー (bā) |
| Peter: Bar. |
| Naomi: (slow) ばー (bā) (natural speed) バー (bā) |
| Peter: Falling on the second syllable. |
| Naomi: バー (bā) |
| Peter: Next. |
| Naomi: 行きます (ikimasu) |
| Peter: To go. |
| Naomi: (slow) いきます (ikimasu) (natural speed) 行きます (ikimasu) |
| Peter: Rising on the second syllable き (ki) and falling on the last syllable す (su). |
| Naomi: 行きます (ikimasu) |
| Peter: Next. |
| Naomi: 地下鉄 (chikatetsu) |
| Peter: Subway. |
| Naomi: (slow) ちかてつ (chikatetsu) (natural speed) 地下鉄 (chikatetsu) |
| Peter: Rising on the second syllable か (ka) and staying high. |
| Naomi: 地下鉄 (chikatetsu) |
| Peter: Next. |
| Naomi: 来ます (kimasu) |
| Peter: To come in the non-past polite. |
| Naomi: (slow) きます (kimasu) (natural speed) 来ます (kimasu) |
| Peter: Rising on the middle syllable and falling on the last. |
| Naomi: 来ます (kimasu) |
| Peter: Next. |
| Naomi: うち (uchi) |
| Peter: Home, house. |
| Naomi: (slow) うち (uchi) (natural speed) うち (uchi) |
| Peter: Rising. |
| Naomi: うち (uchi) |
| Peter: Okay Naomi-sensei, let’s take a look at some of the words that appeared in today’s dialogue. First we have |
| Naomi: 電車 (densha) |
| Peter: Train. Now here the first kanji means |
| Naomi: Electric. |
| Peter: And the second means |
| Naomi: Car. |
| Peter: So electric car. |
| Naomi: Do you remember? Electric talk is 電話 (denwa). |
| Peter: That’s right. |
| Naomi: Telephone. |
| Peter: Let’s also take a look at another word that has to do with trains. How about the word for subway? This is made up of three kanji characters. What do we have? |
| Naomi: 地下鉄 (chikatetsu) |
| Peter: The first character means? |
| Naomi: Earth. |
| Peter: Second character means? |
| Naomi: Under. |
| Peter: And the third character means? |
| Naomi: Steel. |
| Peter: So steel under earth. Steel under the ground, the subway. So quite logical. Can we use one of these words in an example sentence? |
| Naomi: 地下鉄は便利です。(Chikatetsu wa benri desu.) |
| Peter: The subway is convenient especially in Tokyo. |
| Naomi: 東京の地下鉄は便利です。(Tōkyō no chikatetsu wa benri desu.) |
| Peter: That’s right. |
| Naomi: Yeah, since you are from New York, how about ニューヨークの地下鉄は便利ですか。(Nyū Yōku no chikatetsu wa benri desu ka.) |
| Peter: そうですね。(Sō desu ne.) |
| Naomi: なんですか、それは？(Nan desu ka, sore wa?) |
| Peter: Because I am from New York, I have to say yes. |
| Naomi: What is that? Haha… |
| Peter: But I must submit, the Tokyo subway is very convenient, very easy to navigate although there are many different companies. So just a little tricky there but very easy to ride and very, very foreigner friendly. |
| Naomi: ああ、そうですか。地下鉄は簡単です。(Ā, sō desu ka. Chikatetsu wa kantan desu.) |
| Peter: Subway is quite easy, easy to navigate that is. |
Lesson focus |
|---|
| Peter: So okay, let’s take a look at today’s grammar point. So today we are going to have a closer look at the direction particle へ (e), which is used with |
| Naomi: 行きます (ikimasu), 来ます (kimasu) and 帰ります (kaerimasu) |
| Peter: So verbs where you are going somewhere. Now へ (e) marks the place or goal towards which the action moves. When へ (e) is used as the particle, it’s pronounced へ (e) although it’s written へ (he) the hiragana syllable へ (he) and it’s placed before the verbs. Now this particle precedes the verbs to go, to come and to return. Let’s go back to where this appeared in the conversation. Naomi-sensei, can you repeat that sentence? |
| Naomi: 私はうちへ帰ります。(Watashi wa uchi e kaerimasu.) |
| Peter: I am going home. What do we have first? |
| Naomi: 私 (watashi) |
| Peter: I, followed by |
| Naomi: は (wa) |
| Peter: Topic marking particle, followed by |
| Naomi: うち (uchi) |
| Peter: Home. |
| Naomi: へ (e) |
| Peter: To. |
| Naomi: 帰ります (kaerimasu) |
| Peter: Return. So I home to return. I will return home and of course this sentence is in the non-past polite. 帰ります (kaerimasu) is the non-past polite version of 帰る (kaeru) to return. So Naomi-sensei, how do we say to home? |
| Naomi: うちへ (uchi e) |
| Peter: How about to the station? |
| Naomi: 駅へ (eki e) |
| Peter: How about to the bar? |
| Naomi: バーへ (bā e) |
| Peter: So topic followed by |
| Naomi: は (wa) |
| Peter: Topic marking particle followed by |
| Naomi: Place |
| Peter: Followed by |
| Naomi: へ (e) |
| Peter: Direction marking particle and then |
| Naomi: 行きます (ikimasu) |
| Peter: Or |
| Naomi: 帰ります (kaerimasu) |
| Peter: Or |
| Naomi: 来ます (kimasu) |
| Peter: And this is the basic pattern. Next we have. Let’s take a look at the particle で (de). In the last lesson, we learned that this can be used to mark the location where an action takes place. Now today in this lesson, we are going to introduce another usage. Here the particle で (de) is used to mark a tool used to accomplish something and in this conversation, the two speakers are asking each other, by what tool, by what means they will return home and the means or the tools in the sentence are marked with で (de). Okay, let’s take a look at what we had in the conversation. |
| Naomi: タクシーで行きます。(Takushī de ikimasu.) |
| Peter: By taxi I will go. I will go by taxi. |
| Naomi: 電車で行きます。(Densha de ikimasu.) |
| Peter: I will go by train. |
| Naomi: 地下鉄で行きます。(Chikatetsu de ikimasu.) |
| Peter: I will go by subway. Let’s go back to where this appeared in the conversation and just repeat it one more time. We had |
| Naomi: タクシーで帰ります。(Takushī de kaerimasu.) |
| Peter: I will return by taxi. So here the speaker is speaking, so the subject is actually inferred. So we just leave out that part 私は (watashi wa). Then we have |
| Naomi: タクシー (takushī) |
| Peter: Taxi. |
| Naomi: で (de) |
| Peter: Here the means, the taxi is used to accomplish something. So taxi is a means, so we mark it with で (de), followed by |
| Naomi: 帰ります (kaerimasu) |
Outro |
| Peter: I’ll return by taxi. Okay, That’s going to do for today. |
| Naomi: じゃ、また。(Ja, mata.) |
| DIALOGUE |
| ファブリツィオ (Faburitsio) : サルサは とても 楽しいですね。あ、もう十二時ですね。冬果さんは、電車で 帰りますか。(Sarusa wa totemo tanoshii desu ne. A, mō jū ni-ji desu ne. Fuyuka-san wa, densha de kaerimasu ka.) |
| 北川 冬果 (Kitagawa Fuyuka) : うーん。タクシーで 帰ります。ファブリツィオは？(Ūn. Takushī de kaerimasu. Faburitsio wa?) |
| ファブリツィオ (Faburitsio) : 私は 友達の バーへ 行きます。(Watashi wa tomodachi no bā e ikimasu.) |
| 北川 冬果 (Kitagawa Fuyuka) : 今から？電車で 行きますか。(Ima kara? Densha de ikimasu ka.) |
| ファブリツィオ (Faburitsio) : はい。今から。地下鉄で 行きます。冬果さんも、来ますか。(Hai. Ima kara. Chikatetsu de ikimasu. Fuyuka-san mo, kimasu ka.) |
| 北川 冬果 (Kitagawa Fuyuka) : いえいえいえいえ。私は うちへ 帰ります。(Ie ie ie ie. Watashi wa uchi e kaerimasu.) |
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