Learn how to form the negative versions of Class Three Japanese verbs
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Naomi: こんにちは！なおみです！(Kon’nichiwa! Naomi desu!) |
| Kat: Hi everyone, Kat here! You are going to be late for the flight in Japan. |
| Naomi: では (dewa) Kat-san, please tell us what we're going to learn in this lesson. |
| Kat: In this lesson, you will learn how to create the negative form of Class 3 verbs. |
| Naomi: Where does this conversation take place and who is it between? |
| Kat: The conversation takes place at home, and it is between Kent and Madoka. OK, so now let's listen to the conversation. |
| DIALOGUE |
| (アラーム）(arāmu) |
| ケント (Kento):あと、10分・・・。(Ato, juppun…) |
| 白山 (Shiroyama):ケント・・・来ないなぁ・・・。(Kento... konai nā…) |
| まどか (Madoka):ケント！ケント！遅刻するよ。(Kento! Kento! Chikoku suru yo.) |
| ケント (Kento):大丈夫・・・遅刻しないよ。（ムニャムニャ）(Daijōbu... chikoku shinai yo. (munyamunya)) |
| ケント (Kento):・・・え？今、何時？(.. E? Ima, nan-ji?) |
| まどか (Madoka):七時半。(Shichi-ji han.) |
| ケント (Kento):ええ？！まじで？！(Ee?! Maji de?!) |
| もう一度、お願いします。今度はゆっくりお願いします。(Mō ichi-do, onegai shimasu. Kondo wa yukkuri onegai shimasu.) |
| ケント (Kento):あと、10分・・・。(Ato, juppun…) |
| 白山 (Shiroyama):ケント・・・来ないなぁ・・・。(Kento... konai nā…) |
| まどか (Madoka):ケント！ケント！遅刻するよ。(Kento! Kento! Chikoku suru yo.) |
| ケント (Kento):大丈夫・・・遅刻しないよ。(Daijōbu... chikoku shinai yo.) |
| ケント (Kento):・・・え？今、何時？(.. E? Ima, nan-ji?) |
| まどか (Madoka):七時半。(Shichi-ji han.) |
| ケント (Kento):ええ？！まじで？！(Ee?! Maji de?!) |
| 今度は英語が入ります。(Kondo wa Eigo ga hairimasu.) |
| (アラーム）(arāmu) |
| (Alarm) |
| ケント (Kento):あと、10分・・・。(Ato, juppun…) |
| Kat: Another ten minutes... |
| 白山 (Shiroyama):ケント・・・来ないなぁ・・・。(Kento... konai nā…) |
| Kat: Kent's not here yet... |
| まどか (Madoka):ケント！ケント！遅刻するよ。(Kento! Kento! Chikoku suru yo.) |
| Kat: Kent! Kent! You're going to be late! |
| ケント (Kento):大丈夫・・・遅刻しないよ。（ムニャムニャ）(Daijōbu... chikoku shinai yo. (munyamunya)) |
| Kat: (talking in his sleep) It's fine... I won't be late... |
| ケント (Kento):・・・え？今、何時？(.. E? Ima, nan-ji?) |
| Kat: ... Huh? What time is it? |
| まどか (Madoka):七時半。(Shichi-ji han.) |
| Kat: Half past seven. |
| ケント (Kento):ええ？！まじで？！(Ee?! Maji de?!) |
| Kat: Huh?! You're kidding! |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Kat: So... Madoka was right, wasn’t she? Remember what she said? "You definitely won't get up." |
| Naomi: 絶対起きないよ！(Zettai okinai yo!) And yup, she was right. |
| Kat: He didn’t get up. I know how Kent feels, though! You know, it's like... just 10 more minutes… I can’t get up, it's too cold!! |
| Naomi: Especially at 5. |
| Kat: I really couldn't do that now... I used to have to get up that early when I worked for a company in Tokyo though. |
| Naomi: あ、そうなんだ。(A, sō nan da.) |
| Kat: Yes, it was horrible. |
| Naomi: We heard the word 遅刻 (chikoku). |
| Kat: “Late.” |
| Naomi: In the dialogue. キャットさんは、朝遅刻をしますか。(Kyatto-san wa, asa chikoku o shimasu ka.) |
| Kat: The reason why we are laughing is that… 今日、遅刻しましたね。(Kyō, chikoku shimashita ne.) Today, I was late. 寝坊しました。(Nebō shimashita.) I overslept! すみませんでした。(Sumimasen deshita.) I am sorry. |
| Naomi: 大丈夫です、大丈夫です。(Daijōbu desu, daijōbu desu.) I'm not a morning person, either, so… 私はよく遅刻をします。(Watashi wa yoku chikoku o shimasu.) You're not the only one. So, don't worry. |
| Kat: Oh, thank you. OK, so now, let's take a look at the vocabulary for this lesson. |
| The first word we are going to see is |
| Naomi: あと (ato) [natural native speed] |
| Kat: more |
| Naomi: あと (ato) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Naomi: あと (ato) [natural native speed] |
| Kat: Next. |
| Naomi: 十分 (juppun) [natural native speed] |
| Kat: ten minutes |
| Naomi: 十分 (juppun) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Naomi: 十分 (juppun) [natural native speed] |
| Kat: Next. |
| Naomi: 遅刻する (chikoku suru) [natural native speed] |
| Kat: to come late |
| Naomi: 遅刻する (chikoku suru) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Naomi: 遅刻する (chikoku suru) [natural native speed] |
| Kat: And next. |
| Naomi: 今 (ima) [natural native speed] |
| Kat: now, the present time |
| Naomi: 今 (ima) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Naomi: 今 (ima) [natural native speed] |
| Kat: And finally. |
| Naomi: まじ (maji) [natural native speed] |
| Kat: seriously, really (slang) |
| Naomi: まじ (maji) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Naomi: まじ (maji) [natural native speed] |
| VOCAB AND PHRASE USAGE |
| Kat: OK, so now, let's have a closer look at the usage for some of the words and phrases from this lesson. |
| Naomi: The first word we look at is あと (ato). |
| Kat: “More.” Now, we learned the phrase あとで (ato de), which means "later", in lesson 18. |
| Naomi: Right, as in あとで食べる (ato de taberu). |
| Kat: "I'll eat later". This あと (ato) is the same word, but when used by itself, it is used a little differently. |
| Naomi: そうですね。(Sō desu ne.) Right, this あと (ato) is often used with phrase that have numbers, such as time. |
| Kat: Right. In the dialogue, Kent said... |
| Naomi: あと１０分。(Ato juppun.) |
| Kat: Ten more minutes. So you can use it before an amount of time to mean that amount of time more. Let's hear some more examples. |
| Naomi: Sure. １時間 (ichi-ji-kan) is one hour, so あと１時間 (ato ichi-ji-kan) is one more hour. |
| Kat: Okay, and what's the next word? |
| Naomi: ちこく (chikoku) |
| Kat: “Lateness.” By itself, ちこく (chikoku) is a noun. |
| Naomi: If you add the verb する (suru) |
| Kat: "To do." |
| Naomi: To it, it becomes a verb, ちこくする (chikoku suru). |
| Kat: “To be late”, “to run late.” That's how we saw it used in the dialogue - as a verb. |
| Naomi: そうですね。(Sō desu ne.) Yes. Madoka said… ケント！遅刻するよ。(Kento! Chikoku suru yo.) |
| Kat: "Kent! You're gonna be late!" |
| Naomi: Kent replied… 大丈夫・・・遅刻しないよ。(Daijōbu… chikoku shinai yo.) |
| Kat: "It's fine... I won't be late." We'll cover how this する (suru) became しない (shinai) more in the grammar section. |
| Naomi: そうですね。(Sō desu ne.) Right. |
| Kat: And the last vocabulary word we'll look at is... |
| Naomi: まじ (maji) |
| Kat: “Seriously”, “really.” |
| Naomi: This is an example of slang. |
| Kat: Right, this word is really slangy. I can guarantee your teacher won't teach you this one in class. |
| Naomi: Nope. But you hear young people use it a lot. |
| Kat: It's basically an adverb that means "really", or "seriously." You can use it in front of adjectives. |
| Naomi: Right, like まじ寒い (maji samui). |
| Kat: "Super cold", or "seriously cold." |
| Naomi: Sometimes で (de) is added to it to create まじで (maji de). |
| Kat: まじで (maji de), this can be used as an exclamation, like no way! or really?! Or seriously?! |
| Naomi: Right. |
| Kat: But please don’t use it too much. |
| Naomi: Especially to the teachers. |
| Kat: Yes, exactly. |
| Naomi: When Madoka told Kent that it was already 7:30 in the morning, he said… ええ？まじで？！(Ee? Maji de?) |
| Kat: "Huh?! You're kidding!" |
| Naomi: Please only use this with friends though. |
| Kat: Yes, it is definitely too casual for using it with anyone other than your friends, I'd say. |
Lesson focus |
|---|
| Kat: In this lesson, you'll learn how to make the negative form of Class 3 verbs. Class 3 verbs are the irregular verbs in Japanese. And the good news is for those of you who studied European languages is that there are only two of them! |
| Naomi: はい。そうです。(Hai. Sō desu.) - する (suru) |
| Kat: To do. |
| Naomi: And 来る (kuru). |
| Kat: To come. |
| Naomi: Okay, first let's look at する (suru). |
| Kat: This means "to do". Now, usually this word comes after a noun and makes it a verb, right? |
| Naomi: That's right. Do you remember when we talked about sports a few lessons ago? |
| Kat: Yes! We talked about how adding する (suru) to the names of sports creates a verb meaning to play that sport. For example, サッカー (sakkā) is soccer. |
| Naomi: Right, and so サッカーする (sakkā suru) is to play soccer. |
| Kat: バスケットボール (basukettobōru) is basketball... |
| Naomi: And so バスケットボールする (basukettobōru suru) is to play basketball. |
| Kat: What are some other verbs we can create using vocabulary we've learned throughout this series? |
| Naomi: Well, in an earlier lesson we learned 電話 (denwa), which is phone or phone call. |
| Kat: Ah, so 電話する (denwa suru) would be "to make a call". |
| Naomi: はい。(Hai.) We also learned あいさつ (aisatsu), a greeting like こんにちは (kon’nichiwa) or おはよう (ohayō). |
| Kat: So... あいさつする (aisatsu suru) would be "to greet someone". |
| Naomi: So now that we know a lot of verbs, let's make the negative. In the negative, する (suru) becomes しない (shinai). |
| Kat: Class 3 verbs don't follow any rules - they just have irregular forms that you have to remember. |
| Naomi: そうです。(Sō desu.) So now let's make some sentences. |
| Kat: Let's talk about sports first. |
| Naomi: Okay. まどかはサッカーをしない。(Madoka wa sakkā o shinai.) |
| Kat: "Madoka doesn't play soccer." |
| Naomi: 今日、ケントはサッカーをしない。(Kyō, Kento wa sakkā o shinai.) |
| Kat: "Kent is not going to play soccer today." |
| Naomi: And in the dialogue, Kent said… 大丈夫・・・遅刻しないよ。(Daijōbu… chikoku shinai yo.) |
| Kat: "It's fine... I won't be late." |
| Naomi: So that's not so bad, is it? Just change する (suru) to しない (shinai). |
| Kat: Okay, and there's one more Class 3 verb. |
| Naomi: くる (kuru), to come. |
| Kat: What is the negative form of this one? |
| Naomi: こない (konai) |
| Kat: So again, just an irregular form that you have to memorize. Can we hear some sample sentences? |
| Naomi: Sure! 明日、学校に来ない。(Ashita, gakkō ni konai.) |
| Kat: "I'm not coming to school tomorrow." |
| Naomi: So くる (kuru) just becomes こない (konai). |
| Kat: Right, exactly! And, how was it used in the dialogue? |
| Naomi: In the dialogue, when Shiroyama-kun was waiting for Kent, he said… ケント・・・来ないなぁ・・・。(Kento… konai nā…) |
| Kat: "Kent's not here yet..." He was waiting for Kent, who never showed up. |
| Naomi: そうです。(Sō desu.) Also, I'd like to point out the use of なぁ (nā) here. |
| Kat: Ah, the particle な (na) at the end, right? |
| Naomi: Yes. |
| Kat: な (na) at the end of a sentence conserves many purposes. It can show emotion, soften what you're saying, ask for agreement, etc. It's similar to ね (ne) at the end of a sentence, but with ね (ne) you're kind of eliciting a response. With なぁ (nā) it's more like you're talking to yourself, right? |
| Naomi: そうね。(Sō ne.) Right. I think that describes it well! If you are talking to yourself or don't expect a response, you might use なぁ (nā). |
| Kat: Can we hear another example? |
| Naomi: Sure. Let's say I'm in a bookstore and I pick up a book and look at the price. Then I could say... この本、たかいなぁ…。(Kono hon, takai nā…) |
| Kat: So, it really sounds like either you are just expressing your opinion and you don’t expect the other person to agree or you are talking to yourself. |
| Naomi: Right. If I were talking to someone else, I might say… この本、高いね！(Kono hon, takai ne!) |
Outro |
| Kat: Okay so, that's all the time we have for this lesson. |
| Naomi: じゃまた！(Ja, mata!) |
| Kat: Thanks for listening! Until next time! |
| (アラーム）(arāmu) |
| ケント (Kento):あと、10分・・・。(Ato, juppun…) |
| 白山 (Shiroyama):ケント・・・来ないなぁ・・・。(Kento... konai nā…) |
| まどか (Madoka):ケント！ケント！遅刻するよ。(Kento! Kento! Chikoku suru yo.) |
| ケント (Kento):大丈夫・・・遅刻しないよ。（ムニャムニャ）(Daijōbu... chikoku shinai yo. (munyamunya)) |
| ケント (Kento):・・・え？今、何時？(.. E? Ima, nan-ji?) |
| まどか (Madoka):七時半。(Shichi-ji han.) |
| ケント (Kento):ええ？！まじで？！(Ee?! Maji de?!) |
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