Learn how to form the negative version of Class One Japanese verbs
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Kat: Hi everyone, Kat here! |
| Naomi: こんにちは、みなさん！なおみです！(Kon’nichiwa, mina-san! Naomi desu!) |
| Kat: Won't You Get Hungry If You Don't Eat in Japan? Thank you very much for joining us!! |
| Naomi: Kat-san, please tell us what we're going to learn in this lesson. |
| Kat: In this lesson you will learn how to create the negative form of Class 1 verbs, so you'll be able to say like “won't you get hungry?” Where does this conversation take place and who is it between? |
| Naomi: This conversation takes place at school. And the conversation is between Madoka and Kent. |
| Kat: Madoka and Kent are cousins of the same age, so they're speaking informally. Now, let's listen to the conversation. |
| DIALOGUE |
| (キンコンカンコン）(kinkonkankon) |
| まどか (Madoka):やったー！お昼休みだー。(Yattā! O-hiruyasumi dā.) |
| まどか (Madoka):ケント、学食行く？(Kento, gakushoku iku?) |
| ケント (Kento):行かない。(Ikanai.) |
| まどか (Madoka):なんで？(Nande?) |
| ケント (Kento):サッカーするから。(Sakkā suru kara.) |
| まどか (Madoka):ふーん。おなかすかないの？(Fūn. Onaka sukanai no?) |
| ケント (Kento):後で、パン買うよ。じゃあね。(Ato de, pan kau yo. Jā ne.) |
| もう一度、お願いします。今度はゆっくりお願いします。(Mō ichi-do, onegai shimasu. Kondo wa yukkuri onegai shimasu.) |
| まどか (Madoka):やったー！お昼休みだー。(Yattā! O-hiruyasumi dā.) |
| まどか (Madoka):ケント、学食行く？(Kento, gakushoku iku?) |
| ケント (Kento):行かない。(Ikanai.) |
| まどか (Madoka):なんで？(Nande?) |
| ケント (Kento):サッカーするから。(Sakkā suru kara.) |
| まどか (Madoka):ふーん。おなかすかないの？(Fūn. Onaka sukanai no?) |
| ケント (Kento):後で、パン買うよ。じゃあね。(Ato de, pan kau yo. Jā ne.) |
| 今度は英語が入ります。(Kondo wa Eigo ga hairimasu.) |
| まどか (Madoka):やったー！お昼休みだー。(Yattā! O-hiruyasumi dā.) |
| Kat: Yay, lunchtime! |
| まどか (Madoka):ケント、学食行く？(Kento, gakushoku iku?) |
| Kat: Kent, are you going to the cafeteria? |
| ケント (Kento):行かない。(Ikanai.) |
| Kat: No, I'm not going. |
| まどか (Madoka):なんで？(Nande?) |
| Kat: Why not? |
| ケント (Kento):サッカーするから。(Sakkā suru kara.) |
| Kat: Because I'm playing soccer. |
| まどか (Madoka):ふーん。おなかすかないの？(Fūn. Onaka sukanai no?) |
| Kat: Hmm. Won't you get hungry? |
| ケント (Kento):後で、パン買うよ。じゃあね。(Ato de, pan kau yo. Jā ne.) |
| Kat: I'll buy some bread later. See ya. |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Kat: Looks like Kent's not going to the cafeteria, the 学食 (gakushoku) today. |
| Naomi: うん、そうですね。(Un, sō desu ne.) He wants to play soccer instead. By the way, 学食 (gakushoku) is the abbreviation of 学生食堂 (gakusei shokudō). |
| Kat: Student cafeteria. 学生 (gakusei) is "student" and 食堂 (shokudō), "diner." So 学生食堂 (gakusei shokudō) is like student diner or student cafeteria. |
| Naomi: そうですね。(Sō desu ne.) Usually 学食 (gakushoku) is pretty cheap. There, you can get hot meals such as curry or ramen. You can also buy bread, おにぎり (onigiri) or お弁当 (o-bentō) there. |
| Kat: We had a 学食 (gakushoku) at my exchange university in Tokyo, but I rarely went in there, because.. I think I mentioned before that my Japanese university only had 12 exchange students, so it's kind of hard to eat while being stared at by 600 people. |
| Naomi: そうね、かわいそうね。(Sō ne, kawaisō ne.) |
| Kat: So, I would go to a convenience store. |
| Naomi: I see. I don't think high school cafeterias are open to outside visitors, but university cafeterias are open to anyone. So if you're interested, it would be a great |
| experience to visit a 学食 (gakushoku) at college. |
| Kat: Right, what do you usually do for lunch, Naomi-sensei? |
| Naomi: うーん、コンビニ？(Ūn, konbini?) |
| Kat: Convenience store. Like every office worker, ever. |
| Naomi: そうね。(Sō ne.) I wish our company had a 社食 (shashoku). |
| Kat: Ah, a company cafeteria. |
| Naomi: Right. |
| Kat: Me too... Then we wouldn't have to venture outside in the freezing winter weather to the コンビニ (conbini)! |
| Naomi: そうね。(Sō ne.) |
| Kat: You just, you’re so hungry, but you don’t leave the warm office. |
| Naomi: Right. |
| Kat: OK, so now let's take a look at the vocabulary for this lesson. |
| Kat: The first word we are going to see is |
| Naomi: やった (yatta) [natural native speed] |
| Kat: yes! yay! (exclamation) |
| Naomi: やった (yatta) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Naomi: やった (yatta) [natural native speed] |
| Kat: Next. |
| Naomi: 昼休み (hiruyasumi) [natural native speed] |
| Kat: lunch break |
| Naomi: 昼休み (hiruyasumi) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Naomi: 昼休み (hiruyasumi) [natural native speed] |
| Kat: And next. |
| Naomi: 後で (ato de) [natural native speed] |
| Kat: afterwards, later |
| Naomi: 後で (ato de) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Naomi: 後で (ato de) [natural native speed] |
| Kat: And next. |
| Naomi: パン (pan) [natural native speed] |
| Kat: bread |
| Naomi: パン (pan) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Naomi: パン (pan) [natural native speed] |
| Kat: And finally. |
| Naomi: 買う (kau) [natural native speed] |
| Kat: to buy |
| Naomi: 買う (kau) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Naomi: 買う (kau) [natural native speed] |
| VOCAB AND PHRASE USAGE |
| Kat: Now, let's have a closer look at the usage for some of the words and phrases from this lesson. |
| Naomi: The first phrase we look at is やった (yatta). |
| Kat: A casual expression of happiness that means yay! or I did it!! |
| Naomi: Originally it is the past tense of the verb やる (yaru), meaning "to do". |
| Kat: Yes, so it literally means "I did it!", and it can be used to mean that, but even if you didn't necessarily do anything and are just happy about something... Like for example, if you receive something you really like, you can say やった (yatta). |
| Naomi: そうですね。(Sō desu ne.) Right. Like in the dialogue, Madoka didn't do anything - she was just happy that it was lunchtime, so she said やった (yatta). |
| Kat: Which is like “yay!” I just thought of something… people who have seen the American TV drama series Heroes probably know this phrase already! Because the Japanese character Hiro Nakamura uses this phrase a lot. It is really cute. |
| Naomi: そうですね。(Sō desu ne.) And, also we have an anime called ヤッターマン (Yattāman). And it used to be on air in some European countries, I believe. |
| Kat: They made a movie of it as well, didn’t they? |
| Naomi: あ、そうですね。(A, sō desu ne.) |
| Kat: And the next word is... |
| Naomi: あとで (ato de) |
| Kat: Later. You can use it in a sentence with a verb to mean that you will do that action later. |
| Naomi: In the dialogue, Kent said… あとで、パン買うよ。(Ato de, pan kau yo.) |
| Kat: "I'll buy some bread later." So anytime you are going to do something later, or you want to put off something until later, you can use あとで (ato de). |
| Naomi: Yeah, like あとでする (ato de suru). |
| Kat: "I'll do it later." I use this all the time! |
| Naomi: So do I. |
| Kat: And the last word is.... |
| Naomi: じゃあね！(Jā ne!) |
| Kat: You hear it, Naomi-sensei is saying this right at the end of every lesson, actually. Means “bye!” or “see ya!” This is a very casual way to say goodbye. |
| Naomi: There are other variations, too, like またね (mata ne), or even just じゃ (ja)! |
| Kat: Remember these are really casual. |
| Naomi: Yes, with friends they're okay. In fact, I recommend that you use them with friends. |
| Kat: It's a really natural sounding way to say goodbye. |
| Naomi: Don't use it with your teachers, though. |
| Kat: It's not really polite enough for that. For teachers, maybe さようなら (sayōnara) is better. |
| Naomi: I think so. |
Lesson focus |
|---|
| Kat: In this lesson, you'll learn how to create the negative form of Class 2 Verbs. You'll be able to say things like "I'm not going to [verb]" or "I don't [verb]" in informal Japanese. If you have the Lesson Notes with you, we recommend reading through them as you listen - being able to visualize the rules will really help you in this lesson. |
| Naomi: First, let us explain that there are three verb classes in Japanese. Class 1, Class 2 and Class 3. |
| Kat: We went over Class 3 verbs in the last lesson. What were they again, Naomi-sensei? |
| Naomi: They were する (suru) |
| Kat: To do. |
| Naomi: And 来る (kuru). |
| Kat: To come. |
| Naomi: This time, we will go over Class 1 verbs. |
| Kat: Now, you may remember from earlier Newbie seasons that to change a verb into its negative form, you just change the the final ます (masu) to ません (masen). That's pretty simple, right? Unfortunately in casual speech, it's not AS simple as that... but it’s still not that bad! So, don’t worry! |
| Naomi: Now let's introduce some common Class 1 verbs and show you how to make them negative. |
| Kat: Sounds good! |
| Naomi: The first one is いく (iku). |
| Kat: To go. Here are the two steps for making the negative. Take away the final -u, and add -anai to the end. |
| Naomi: So the final く (ku) sound becomes かない (kanai). So いく (iku) becomes いかない (ikanai). |
| Kat: いかない (ikanai), "doesn't go", "don't go". How about an example sentence for that word? |
| Naomi: 今日は学校に行かない。(Kyō wa gakkō ni ikanai.) |
| Kat: "I'm not going to school today." How about another verb? |
| Naomi: Sure. The next one is のむ (nomu). |
| Kat: To drink. So take away the final -u, and add -anai to the end. |
| Naomi: So the final む (mu) sound becomes まない (manai). Therefore のむ (nomu) becomes のまない (nomanai). |
| Kat: のまない (nomanai), "doesn't drink", "don't drink". How about an example sentence for that one? |
| Naomi: ビールを飲まない。(Bīru o nomanai.) |
| Kat: "I don't drink beer." |
| Naomi: Okay, so let's do one more, つかう (tsukau). |
| Kat: To use. |
| Naomi: This verb ends in う (u), so it is a little special. |
| Kat: You take away the final -u, and add -wanai to the end. |
| There is a "w" in there -wanai. |
| Naomi: Right, The final う (u) syllable becomes わない (wanai). つかう (tsukau) becomes つかわない (tsukawanai). |
| Kat: Got it. Can we hear an example sentence for this one? |
| Naomi: コンピューターを使わない。(Konpyūtā o tsukawanai.) |
| Kat: "I don't use computers." |
| Naomi: Have you got the hang of it yet? Remember, take away the final -u, and add -anai to the end. |
| Kat: Let's see how this was used in the dialogue. |
| Naomi: In the dialogue, Madoka said… ケント、学食行く？(Kento, gakushoku iku?) |
| Kat: "Kent, are you going to the cafeteria?" |
| Naomi: Kent answers… 行かない。(Ikanai.) |
| Kat: "No, I'm not going." |
| Naomi: Since he's not going to the cafeteria, Madoka asked him… おなかすかないの？(Onaka sukanai no?) |
| Kat: "Won't you get hungry?" This is kind of a difficult phrase. Let's look into it a little bit more. |
| Naomi: Sure! This is the word for stomach, おなか (onaka) plus the verb すく (suku), which means to become empty. |
| Kat: So literally, when you say おなかすく (onaka suku), it means one stomach becomes empty. In English we would just say "get hungry". |
| Naomi: Right. すく (suku) becomes すかない (sukanai). |
| Kat: "To not get hungry" or “empty.” |
| Naomi: And then the intonation makes it a question. おなかすかないの？(Onaka sukanai no?) |
| Kat: "Won't you get hungry?" Okay, so one more time, let's go over the rule for making the negative form. |
| Naomi: Sure. All Class 1 verbs end in う (u) sounds or "u" sounds, so take away the final -u, and add -anai to the end. |
| Kat: Let's have the listeners try some. |
| Naomi: Good idea. Please put your Lesson Notes away and try to conjugate the verbs! |
| Kat: We'll give you the dictionary form of the verb - please give us the negative form! |
| Naomi: The first one is... 飲む (nomu) |
| Kat: To drink. |
| [pause] |
| Kat: And the answer is...? |
| Naomi: 飲まない (nomanai) |
| Kat: To not drink. The next one is |
| Naomi: 行く (iku) |
| Kat: To go. |
| [pause] |
| Kat: And the answer is...? |
| Naomi: 行かない (ikanai) |
| Kat: To not go. |
| Naomi: And the last one is 買う (kau). |
| Kat: To buy. |
| [pause] |
| Kat: And the answer is...? |
| Naomi: 買わない (kawanai) |
| Kat: To not buy. Remember that because this one ends in a "u" sound, you need a "w" in there as well, 買わない (kawanai). |
Outro |
| Naomi: Great! How did you do? |
| Kat: Make sure to check the lesson notes for reinforcement. |
| Naomi: That's all the time we have for this lesson! |
| Kat: Thanks for listening, bye everyone! |
| Naomi: じゃあね♪ (Jā ne.) |
| (キンコンカンコン）(kinkonkankon) |
| まどか (Madoka):やったー！昼休みだー。(Yattā! Hiruyasumi dā.) |
| まどか (Madoka):ケント、学食行く？(Kento, gakushoku iku?) |
| ケント (Kento):行かない。(Ikanai.) |
| まどか (Madoka):なんで？(Nande?) |
| ケント (Kento):サッカーするから。(Sakkā suru kara.) |
| まどか (Madoka):ふーん。おなかすかないの？(Fūn. Onaka sukanai no?) |
| ケント (Kento):後で、パン買うよ。じゃあね。(Ato de, pan kau yo. Jā ne.) |
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