Learn about usage of verbs [noru] and [oriru]
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Eric: Lesson 24. Next stop, yours. So what’s going on today, Naomi-sensei? |
| Naomi: I think Lori and Shizuka are lost. |
| Eric: Uhhh the plot thickens ah… |
| Naomi: そうですね。(Sō desu ne.) |
| Eric: Things are getting hot. So where are they lost, in the jungles? |
| Naomi: No, they’re lost in Matsumoto City in Nagano Prefecture. |
| Eric: That’s even worse. |
| Naomi: Is that right? |
| Eric: Well not really. They can just ask somebody. But what’s the main point today? |
| Naomi: 今日は (kyō wa), the usage of two verbs, 乗る (noru) and 降りる (oriru). |
| Eric: To get on and to get off. |
| Naomi: Right. |
| Eric: That’s really important when you are lost. |
| Naomi: そうですね。(Sō desu ne.) |
| Eric: So let’s see what happens. |
| DIALOGUE |
| 静 (Shizuka) : あれ？ここは... どこですか。ロリーさん、地図がありますか。(Are? Koko wa... doko desu ka. Rorī-san, chizu ga arimasu ka.) |
| ロリー (Rorī) : え？地図？ありません。あ、もう、二時半ですね。静さん、時間がありませんよ。(E? Chizu? Arimasen. A, mō, ni-ji han desu ne. Shizuka-san, jikan ga arimasen yo.) |
| (電話) (denwa) |
| ロリー (Rorī) : もしもし。あ、水木さん。こんにちは。お元気ですか。大きい声ですね。ははは... はい。すみません...。はい。三時のバス。長野行きに乗る...。川中島で降りる。はい、分かりました。はい。大丈夫です。はい。本当にすみません。はい、じゃ、あとで。(Moshimoshi. A, Mizuki-san. Kon’nichiwa. O-genki desu ka. Ōkii koe desu ne. Hahaha... Hai. Sumimasen… Hai. San-ji no basu. Nagano iki ni noru… Kawanakajima de oriru. Hai, wakarimashita. Hai. Daijōbu desu. Hai. Hontō ni sumimasen. Hai, ja, ato de.) |
| (カチャ) (kacha) |
| 静 (Shizuka) : ねぇ、ロリーさん... ここは... どこですか。(Nee, Rorī-san... koko wa... doko desu ka.) |
| ロリー (Rorī) : さあ。分かりません。あ、バス。(Sā. Wakarimasen. A, basu.) |
| (キキーッ プシューッ) (kikī pushū) |
| もう一度、お願いします。今度は、ゆっくりお願いします。(Mō ichi-do, onegai shimasu. Kondo wa, yukkuri onegai shimasu.) |
| 静 (Shizuka) : あれ？ここは... どこですか。ロリーさん、地図がありますか。(Are? Koko wa... doko desu ka. Rorī-san, chizu ga arimasu ka.) |
| ロリー (Rorī) : え？地図？ありません。あ、もう、二時半ですね。静さん、時間がありませんよ。(E? Chizu? Arimasen. A, mō, ni-ji han desu ne. Shizuka-san, jikan ga arimasen yo.) |
| ロリー (Rorī) : もしもし。あ、水木さん。こんにちは。お元気ですか。大きい声ですね。はい。すみません...。はい。三時のバス。長野行きに乗る...。川中島で降りる。はい、分かりました。はい。大丈夫です。はい。本当にすみません。はい、じゃ、あとで。(Moshimoshi. A, Mizuki-san. Kon’nichiwa. O-genki desu ka. Ōkii koe desu ne. Hai. Sumimasen… Hai. San-ji no basu. Nagano iki ni noru… Kawanakajima de oriru. Hai, wakarimashita. Hai. Daijōbu desu. Hai. Hontō ni sumimasen. Hai, ja, ato de.) |
| 静 (Shizuka) : ねぇ、ロリーさん... ここは... どこですか。(Nee, Rorī-san... koko wa... doko desu ka.) |
| ロリー (Rorī) : さあ。分かりません。あ、バス。(Sā. Wakarimasen. A, basu.) |
| 次は、英語が入ります。(Tsugi wa, Eigo ga hairimasu.) |
| 静 (Shizuka) : あれ？ここは... どこですか。(Are? Koko wa... doko desu ka.) |
| SHIZUKA: Huh? Where are we? |
| 静 (Shizuka) : ロリーさん、地図がありますか。(Rorī-san, chizu ga arimasu ka.) |
| Lori, do you have a map? |
| ロリー (Rorī) : え？地図？ありません。(E? Chizu? Arimasen.) |
| LORI: Hm, a map? No, I don't. |
| ロリー (Rorī) : あ、もう、二時半ですね。静さん、時間がありませんよ。(A, mō, ni-ji han desu ne. Shizuka-san, jikan ga arimasen yo.) |
| LORI: Oh, it's already two-thirty. Shizuka-san, we are short on time. |
| (電話) (denwa) |
| (telephone rings) |
| ロリー (Rorī) : もしもし。あ、水木さん。こんにちは。お元気ですか。(Moshimoshi. A, Mizuki-san. Kon’nichiwa. O-genki desu ka.) |
| LORI: Hello? Oh, Mizuki-san. Good afternoon. How are you? |
| ロリー (Rorī) : 大きい声ですね。ははは... (Ōkii koe desu ne. Hahaha…) |
| LORI: Your voice is pretty loud. Hahaha. |
| ロリー (Rorī) : はい。すみません...。(Hai. Sumimasen…) |
| LORI: Yes. Sorry... |
| ロリー (Rorī) : はい。三時のバス。長野行きに乗る...。(Hai. San-ji no basu. Nagano iki ni noru…) |
| LORI: Right. The 3 P.M. bus. The one that goes to Nagano... |
| ロリー (Rorī) : 川中島で降りる。はい、分かりました。(Kawanakajima de oriru. Hai, wakarimashita.) |
| LORI: Get off at Kawanakajima. Okay, got it. |
| ロリー (Rorī) : はい。大丈夫です。(Hai. Daijōbu desu.) |
| LORI: Okay. I'm fine. |
| ロリー (Rorī) : はい。本当にすみません。はい、じゃ、あとで。 (Hai. Hontō ni sumimasen. Hai, ja, ato de.) |
| LORI: Yes. I'm really sorry. Okay, well, see you later. |
| (カチャ) (kacha) |
| (hangs up) |
| 静 (Shizuka) : ねぇ、ロリーさん...ここは...どこですか。(Nee, Rorī-san... koko wa... doko desu ka.) |
| SHIZUKA: So, Lori, where...are we? |
| ロリー (Rorī) : さあ。分かりません。あ、バス。(Sā. Wakarimasen. A, basu.) |
| LORI: Beats me. Oh, the bus. |
| (キキーッ プシューッ) (kikī pushū) |
| (bus sounds) |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Eric: Uhh these girls are in the bind. Aren’t they? |
| Naomi: ねぇ。(Nee.) |
| Eric: It seems like Mizuki-san was pretty angry? |
| Naomi: Yeah, probably Lori got yelled at. |
| Eric: Yeah, she got a verbal beating. |
| Naomi: そうね。(Sō ne.) Because she said 大きな声ですね (ōkina koe desu ne), wow you have a big voice. |
| Eric: But it’s pretty good to have such a sense of humor when in the middle of getting yelled at, right? |
| Naomi: かな？(Ka na?) |
| Eric: Yeah, she has a positive outlook on life but it seems they don’t have a map. Naomi-sensei, do you usually carry a map when you go places? |
| Naomi: You mean sightseeing? |
| Eric: No, just in general. |
| Naomi: I don’t carry maps but I have 携帯 (keitai). So I can access it through the internet and check the… |
| Eric: Uhh you and your futuristic 携帯 (keitai), I see. So this must have taken place… didn’t Lori buy a 携帯 (keitai) area? |
| Naomi: Yeah, right. She got a 携帯 (keitai) from Mizuki-san the other day. |
| Eric: She has a good sense of humor, but no sense of using a 携帯 (keitai) to look up a map. |
| Naomi: そうですね…。(Sō desu ne…) |
| Eric: Someone missed to teach her. But ae it’s not, you know someone who actually use this function, it’s not that easy. |
| Naomi: ねえ。(Nee.) |
| Eric: To find a map and to find out where you are, stuff with the little 携帯 (keitai) screen. |
| Naomi: Map in Japanese is 地図 (chizu) and I think kanji for 地図 (chizu) is pretty interesting. |
| Eric: Right. So what’s the first character? |
| Naomi: Land or earth. |
| Eric: And the second one? |
| Naomi: Picture. |
| Eric: So it’s pretty self explanatory, isn’t it? |
| Naomi: Uhh. |
| Eric: It’s a picture of the land. |
| Naomi: そう。地図。(Sō. Chizu.) |
| Eric: It’s a representation, yeah, perfect. |
| Naomi: 次は、単語です。(Tsugi wa, tango desu.) |
| Eric: On to the vocabulary. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Eric: The first word is |
| Naomi: 地図 (chizu) |
| Eric: Map. |
| Naomi: (slow) ちず (chizu) (natural speed) 地図 (chizu) |
| Eric: The next word is |
| Naomi: 時間 (jikan) |
| Eric: Time. |
| Naomi: (slow) じかん (jikan) (natural speed) 時間 (jikan) |
| Eric: The next word is |
| Naomi: 声 (koe) |
| Eric: Voice. |
| Naomi: (slow) こえ (koe) (natural speed) 声 (koe) |
| Eric: The next word is |
| Naomi: 乗る (noru) |
| Eric: To get on, to board. |
| Naomi: (slow) のる (noru) (natural speed) 乗る (noru) |
| Eric: And the last word is |
| Naomi: 降りる (oriru) |
| Eric: To get off. |
| Naomi: (slow) おりる (oriru) (natural speed) 降りる (oriru) |
| VOCAB AND PHRASE USAGE |
| Eric: Naomi-sensei. |
| Naomi: はい。(Hai.) |
| Eric: In the dialogue, Shizuka asked |
| Naomi: 地図がありますか。(Chizu ga arimasu ka.) |
| Eric: She asked Lori if she had a map and in the previous lesson, we have already seen がありますか (ga arimasu ka) or があります (ga arimasu) right, it means to have something and in this case, she is asking if Lori has a map. You can use you know whatever blah, blah, blah があります (ga arimasu) for any object, right? |
| Naomi: Yeah, pretty much everything if it's a non-animated object, you can use… |
| Eric: So if it doesn’t move by itself, it doesn’t have a heartbeat then? |
| Naomi: そうね。(Sō ne.) And we have another verb います (imasu) for animated things. |
| Eric: Like people. |
| Naomi: そうですね。(Sō desu ne.) |
| Eric: Animals. |
| Naomi: そう。エリックがいます。(Sō. Erikku ga imasu.) |
| Eric: Eric is here. |
| Naomi: And that grammar point will be covered in the next lesson. |
| Eric: Oh all right, look forward to that. So how do you construct a sentence with があります (ga arimasu)? |
| Naomi: Put the subject. For example, person は (wa), noun が (ga), あります (arimasu). |
| Eric: So that means that person has that noun. |
| Naomi: Right. |
| Eric: So in this case, that person or this person Naomi-sensei has a map. |
| Naomi: 私は地図があります。エリックさんは時間があります。(Watashi wa chizu ga arimasu. Erikku-san wa jikan ga arimasu.) And if you are going to make it to question sentence, you can just add か (ka) at the end. エリックさんは時間がありますか。(Erikku-san wa jikan ga arimasu ka.) Eric, do you have a minute? |
| Eric: I have tons of minutes to spare but if you are a big shop producer here, ゆうきさん (Yūki-san) will say that he has tons of money. |
| Naomi: ゆうきさんはお金があります。(Yūki-san wa o-kane ga arimasu.) |
| Eric: ゆうきさん、お金がありますか。(Yūki-san, o-kane ga arimasu ka.) He is taking out his wallet, he is taking out – ae, you are the best. You are the best. Everybody, if you need some money, just send out an email. I won’t tell you the email address, though. Naomi-sensei, do you have plans? |
| Naomi: 予定がありますか。(Yotei ga arimasu ka.) |
| Eric: 予定 (yotei) which is |
| Naomi: Plans. |
| Eric: But no, Naomi-sensei doesn’t have plans. |
| Naomi: 私は予定がありません。(Watashi wa yotei ga arimasen.) So just change ます (masu) to ません (masen). あります。ありません。(Arimasu. Arimasen.) |
| Eric: And we are back to the producer ゆうきさん (Yūki-san) and he opened up his wallet but there is not a single penny inside. |
| Naomi: お金がありません。可哀想ですね。(O-kane ga arimasen. Kawaisō desu ne.) |
| Eric: And Naomi-sensei, in this dialogue, there was a bus, right? |
| Naomi: はい。(Hai.) |
| Eric: And this bus has a destination. |
| Naomi: Right. |
| Eric: Where is it going? |
| Naomi: 長野いき (Nagano iki) or 長野ゆき (Nagano yuki) |
| Eric: So it’s basically bound for Nagano. |
| Naomi: Right. |
| Eric: All right, why are there two ways to say it because いき (iki) it comes from 行きます (ikimasu) which we’ve already seen and why ゆき (yuki)? |
| Naomi: It’s a bit complicated but in old time, people pronounce as ゆき (yuki) instead of いき (iki). So ゆき (yuki) to go has longer history. So we still have ゆき (yuki) pronunciation in some conjugations. |
| Eric: I see. So in this case for when you say like a destination or a bound, ゆき (yuki) is fine but you can’t say somewhere に、ゆきます (ni, yukimasu). |
| Naomi: Usually no. If you are writing a novel or if you are reading classic literature, you will come across with that expression. The author is using it on purpose. |
| Eric: Or he is just using that classical word as it’s just that’s how the language was back then, right? |
| Naomi: Uhoo. |
| Eric: Right now it’s almost defunct. You know what, I think it’s a common announcement that you hear at the stations from the speakers when they say 上野行きが参ります (Ueno iki ga mairimasu). So Naomi-sensei, how do you use this? |
| Naomi: For example, if you are going to say a train bound for Tokyo, 東京行きの電車 (Tōkyō yuki no densha). |
| Eric: So basically you connect it with の (no), the possessive particle? |
| Naomi: With the noun. 後は (ato wa), for example you can say like このバスは東京行きですか (kono basu wa Tōkyō yuki desu ka). |
| Eric: Is this bus bound for Tokyo? |
| Naomi: いえ、長野駅行きです。(Ie, Nagano Eki yuki desu.) |
| Eric: No, this bus is bound for Nagano. |
| Naomi: Station. |
| Eric: Station. It doesn’t just go to the middle of the city and drop you off but it’s easy. You can use this with just with です (desu). You just put です (desu) at the end. It becomes its own object. |
| Naomi: So if you know this 行き (yuki) expression, you can understand announcement at the station. |
| Eric: Which is super helpful and helps you avoid taking the wrong train like I did many times back in the early days. |
| Naomi: 次は文法です。(Tsugi wa bunpō desu.) |
| Eric: On to the 文法 (bunpō)! |
Lesson focus |
|---|
| Naomi: In today’s dialogue, we had 長野行きに乗る (Nagano iki ni noru). |
| Eric: To take the bus bound for Nagano. |
| Naomi: のバス (no basu) is omitted but from the conversation, it’s clear that they are talking about bus. |
| Eric: Right and if you are at the train station, then it’s pretty clear. You never have to say の電車 (no densha) because you know you are at the train station. |
| Naomi: And we also have 川中島で降りる (Kawanakajima de oriru). |
| Eric: To get off the bus at Kawanakajima. |
| Naomi: Again バスを (basu o) is omitted. |
| Eric: Let’s talk about particles, Naomi-sensei. In the first sentence, we have |
| Naomi: 長野行きに乗る。(Nagano iki ni noru.) |
| Eric: に乗る (ni noru), right. に、乗る。(Ni, noru.) And if you were to say with the object. |
| Naomi: 長野行きのバスに乗る。(Nagano iki no basu ni noru.) |
| Eric: バスに乗る。(Basu ni noru.) Just that by itself means |
| Naomi: Take a bus. |
| Eric: To get on the bus, right? |
| Naomi: Uhoo. |
| Eric: But when we get off the bus, you know you said it before. It was actually omitted in the first sentence but it’s |
| Naomi: バスを降りる。(Basu o oriru.) |
| Eric: バスを降りる。(Basu o oriru.) |
| Naomi: Right. |
| Eric: Why the difference in the particles? Why isn’t it バスに降りる (basu ni oriru) or バスを乗る (basu o noru)? |
| Naomi: に (ni) indicates the movement which goes to a smaller place. So you are getting on a train but the train is a smaller place than the platform, you know. |
| Eric: Okay, right and we talked about this before, right? に (ni) as a destination particle? |
| Naomi: Uhoo. |
| Eric: Talking about, you know, a certain destination but you know, before we used it as going to another city or going into the direction of another station but in this case, we are getting on the bus. So that makes sense. We are getting on a focused destination, right? We are getting on to the bus but how about 降りる (oriru)? Why is it を (o)? |
| Naomi: That’s a good question. I think bus – in this case, バスを降りる (basu o oriru) bus is not the destination. You know, you don’t know the destination. So you can’t put に (ni) anywhere. In this case, you are getting off the bus. That’s the most important part. |
| Eric: Okay, so basically when you are getting on the bus, we know your destination. It’s a very focused place. One bus right, but in the case of 降りる (oriru) or to get off, you know, you can get off anywhere. Your destination is wherever you get off. You know the bus stop or whatever station you happen to be going to but that’s not the focus of what you are trying to say. What you are trying to say is that you are getting off, which is an action. So you use を (o), バスを降りる (basu o oriru) which is way more than any of you need to actually know to speak Japanese but you know, hey those of you who care about such trivial things, it's interesting though, right? |
| Naomi: そうですね。(Sō desu ne.) |
| Eric: Okay and you probably notice that in all these sentences we have said so far, we have omitted the subject every time. |
| Naomi: Right. |
| Eric: Because it’s always clear most of the time, it’s going to be you, right? |
| Naomi: そうですね。(Sō desu ne.) Or me. |
| Eric: You or me, right. Whoever you know, like yourself. |
| Naomi: Yeah, but omitting the subject of the sentence is an essential part of Japanese language. |
| Eric: The bread and butter of Japanese language. The most important thing, the essence of you, the staple of Japanese. |
| Naomi: なるほどね。(Naruhodo ne.) So for Japanese people that’s going to be ごはんね (gohan ne), rice. |
| Eric: Ae, the ごはん (gohan) of the Japanese language is to omit the subject. And you omitted all the time. Even when it’s unclear. |
| Naomi: そうですね。(Sō desu ne.) |
| Eric: Even if you don’t know, nobody knows who you are talking about. You can clarify later. You can always make things clear later. |
| Naomi: Just for today, let’s just practice with the subject. |
| Eric: Absolutely it’s important, you know. If you are telling a story about somebody else and you have to talk about who is getting on, who is getting off. So you know what, I’m getting on the bus. |
| Naomi: エリックさんはバスに乗る。(Erikku-san wa basu ni noru.) Or エリックさんはバスに乗ります。(Erikku-san wa basu ni norimasu.) |
| Eric: But Naomi-sensei, it’s funcy so she gets into her car. |
| Naomi: 私は車に乗ります。(Watashi wa kuruma ni norimasu.) |
| Eric: And where is of you who don’t think that a car is fancy at all? Come to Tokyo, cars are quite fancy. |
| Naomi: Not all the cars. |
| Eric: Or not mean I’m actual car itself, I’m talking about the active riding in a car. It’s pretty special. I think of riding in a car like once in a year and a half. That’s been here this time. It’s a tree. It’s like having your birthday at McDonalds. You know what I mean? |
| Naomi: エリックさんは毎日電車に乗りますか。(Erikku-san wa mainichi densha ni norimasu ka.) 毎日 (mainichi) means every day. Do you take the train every day? |
| Eric: はい。毎日電車に乗ります。 なおみ先生、毎日タクシーに乗りますか。(Hai. Mainichi densha ni norimasu. Naomi-sensei, mainichi takushī ni norimasu ka.) |
| Naomi: Me taking a taxi every day? |
| Eric: Right. Some people do, right? |
| Naomi: No. |
| Eric: Some people do. |
| Naomi: 乗りません。(Norimasen.) |
| Eric: Okay Naomi-sensei, imagine, imagine this. You are lost at the station, all right. At the station, the station of your imagination and then you want to visit your friend who is in Yokohama. Your friend lives in Sakuragicho in Yokohama. |
| Naomi: One or two stops from Yokohama. |
| Eric: Right, that’s right. A couple of stops from Yokohama. So then you asked the station assistant for help. Then she said... |
| Naomi: 東海道線に乗ります。(Tōkaidōsen ni norimasu.) |
| Eric: Get on the Tokaido line. |
| Naomi: 横浜駅で降ります。(Yokohama Eki de orimasu.) |
| Eric: Get off at Yokohama station. |
| Naomi: 横浜駅で京浜東北線に乗ります。(Yokohama Eki de Keihin Tōhokusen ni norimasu.) |
| Eric: At Yokohama station, take the Keihin-Tohoku Line. This is pretty long. So you want to take notes but you don’t have a pen or paper. So you say, do you have a pen? |
| Naomi: すみません。ペン、ありますか。(Sumimasen. Pen, arimasu ka.) |
| Eric: And then she gives you a pen, a very nice pen. And you are ready to write, but hey you still don’t have paper. |
| Naomi: すみません。紙、ありますか。(Sumimasen. Kami, arimasu ka.) |
| Eric: 紙 (kami) which is paper. |
| Naomi: Right. |
| Eric: And then of course, now you have your equipment, you are ready to go and then you ask her to repeat the sentences. |
| Naomi: もう一度、お願いします。(Mō ichi-do, onegai shimasu.) |
| Eric: And to remember this moment, this wonderful moment of you being lost, you know as a souvenir, you want her to take a picture of you in front of the Tokaido line right in front of that train, the nice orange and green train, okay? So you say, do you have a minute, do you have some time? |
| Naomi: 時間、ありますか。(Jikan, arimasu ka.) |
| Eric: And then she says, |
| Naomi: はい。(Hai.) |
| Eric: I guess I do. So you ask her to take your picture. |
| Naomi: Picture in Japanese is 写真 (shashin), so... 写真、お願いします。(Shashin, onegai shimasu.) |
| Eric: That will be a great picture. Have you ever done anything like that? |
| Naomi: Asking pen and paper to a station clerk? |
| Eric: No, asking to take a picture. |
| Naomi: Yeah yeah yeah… |
| Eric: In front of the train? |
| Naomi: No. |
| Eric: Hey, then what are you talking about yeah. Maybe that was like the Shinkansen. |
| Naomi: そう、新幹線はあるなと思ったの。(Sō, Shinkansen wa aru na to omotta no.) Yeah, I think I did it for Shinkansen in Airplane . |
| Eric: I do that too. Shinkansen looks cool. |
| Naomi: かっこいいですよね。(Kakkoii desu yo ne.) They got a nice face. |
| Eric: It looks like a dragon. Pretty scary. |
| Naomi: It looks like fish to me, fish. |
| Eric: Like a fish? |
| Naomi: じゃない？そんなことない？(Ja nai? Sonna koto nai?) |
| Eric: Such a fast-moving beast. I think it’s closer to a dragon. |
Outro |
| Eric: All right everybody, see you next time. |
| Naomi: じゃ、また。(Ja, mata.) |
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