Learn how to use the sentence pattern "while doing ..."
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| INTRODUCTION |
| John: Hi everyone, I'm John. |
| Risa: And I'm Risa. |
| John: And welcome to Must-Know Japanese Sentence Structures, Season 1, Lesson 48. Expressing Simultaneous Actions. |
| John: In this lesson, you'll learn how to use a sentence pattern for expressing simultaneous actions. |
| PATTERN |
| John: For example, |
| John: "Let's talk while eating lunch." |
| Risa: お昼ご飯を食べながら、話しましょう。 (O-hiru-gohan o tabenagara, hanashimashō.) |
| Risa: [slow] お昼ご飯を食べながら、話しましょう。 (O-hiru-gohan o tabenagara, hanashimashō.) |
| John: The pattern for expressing simultaneous actions has three elements. First, a verb phrase indicating the secondary action with the masu-stem of the verb, in this case "to eat lunch." |
| Risa: お昼ご飯を食べ (O-hiru-gohan o tabe-) |
| John: Second, a conjunction that means "while." |
| Risa: ながら (nagara) |
| John: Third, a volitional form of the verb referring to the main action, in this case "let’s talk." |
| Risa: 話しましょう (hanashimashō) |
| John: Altogether, we have... "Let's talk while eating lunch." |
| Risa: お昼ご飯を食べながら、話しましょう。 (O-hiru-gohan o tabenagara, hanashimashō.) [slow] お昼ご飯を食べながら、話しましょう。 (O-hiru-gohan o tabenagara, hanashimashō.) [normal] お昼ご飯を食べながら、話しましょう。 (O-hiru-gohan o tabenagara, hanashimashō.) |
| John: The sentence pattern to say "While..." in Japanese is [an action] with the masu-stem of the verb, followed by nagara, a conjunction to indicate that two actions occur at the same time, plus another action verb or verb phrase. |
| So, to say "Let's talk while eating lunch," you say "to eat lunch" with the masu-stem of the verb (o-hiru-gohan o tabe), plus nagara, meaning "while", plus "let's talk" (hanashimashō). (O-hiru-gohan o tabenagara, hanashimashō.) |
| Risa: お昼ご飯を食べながら、話しましょう。 (O-hiru-gohan o tabenagara, hanashimashō.) |
| John: So remember, to express simultaneous actions, you say the action with the masu-stem of the verb and nagara, then another action verb or verb phrase. |
| John: Here is another example meaning, "I study while listening to music." First, a verb phrase meaning "to listen to music" with the masu-stem of the verb. |
| Risa: 音楽を聞き (Ongaku o kiki-) |
| John: Second, the conjunction meaning "while." |
| Risa: ながら (nagara) |
| John: Third, a verb phrase meaning "I study." |
| Risa: 勉強します (benkyō shimasu) |
| John: Altogether we have... |
| Risa: 音楽を聞きながら、勉強します。 (Ongaku o kikinagara, benkyō shimasu.) [slow] 音楽を聞きながら、勉強します。 (Ongaku o kikinagara, benkyō shimasu.) [normal] 音楽を聞きながら、勉強します。 (Ongaku o kikinagara, benkyō shimasu.) |
| John: "I study while listening to music." |
| [pause] |
| Risa: 音楽を聞きながら、勉強します。 (Ongaku o kikinagara, benkyō shimasu.) |
| John: How do you say, "She talked while crying." To give you a hint, "to cry" is... |
| Risa:(泣く)(naku) |
| John: Which in the masu-form followed by the conjunction meaning "while" is |
| Risa: 泣きながら (nakinagara) [slow] 泣きながら (nakinagara) |
| John: "She talked while crying." |
| [pause] |
| Risa: 彼女は泣きながら話しました。 (Kanojo wa nakinagara hanashimashita.) [slow] 彼女は泣きながら話しました。 (Kanojo wa nakinagara hanashimashita.) [normal] 彼女は泣きながら話しました。 (Kanojo wa nakinagara hanashimashita.) |
| [pause] |
| Risa: 彼女は泣きながら話しました。 (Kanojo wa nakinagara hanashimashita.) |
| REVIEW |
| John: Let's review the sentences from this lesson. I will give you the English equivalent of the phrase and you are responsible for shouting it out loud in Japanese. Here we go. |
| John: "Let's talk while eating lunch." |
| [pause] |
| Risa: お昼ご飯を食べながら、話しましょう。 (O-hiru-gohan o tabenagara, hanashimashō.) |
| [pause] |
| Risa: お昼ご飯を食べながら、話しましょう。 (O-hiru-gohan o tabenagara, hanashimashō.) |
| John: "I study while listening to music." |
| [pause] |
| Risa: 音楽を聞きながら、勉強します。 (Ongaku o kikinagara, benkyō shimasu.) |
| [pause] |
| Risa: 音楽を聞きながら、勉強します。 (Ongaku o kikinagara, benkyō shimasu.) |
| John: "She talked while crying." |
| [pause] |
| Risa: 彼女は泣きながら話しました。 (Kanojo wa nakinagara hanashimashita.) |
| [pause] |
| Risa: 彼女は泣きながら話しました。 (Kanojo wa nakinagara hanashimashita.) |
Outro |
|---|
| John: Okay. That's all for this lesson. You learned a pattern for expressing simultaneous actions, as in... |
| Risa: お昼ご飯を食べながら、話しましょう。 (O-hiru-gohan o tabenagara, hanashimashō.) |
| John: meaning "Let's talk while eating lunch." |
| John: You can find more vocab or phrases that go with this sentence pattern in the lesson notes. So please be sure to check them out on JapanesePod101.com. Thanks everyone, see you next time! |
| Risa: またね！(Mata ne!). |
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