INTRODUCTION |
Eric: Hi everyone, I'm Eric. |
Risa: And I'm Risa. |
Eric: And welcome to Must-Know Japanese Sentence Structures, Season 1, Lesson 18. Talking About Something You've Done Before. |
Eric: In this lesson, you'll learn how to use a sentence pattern to talk about something you've done before. |
PATTERN |
Eric: For example, "I have climbed Mt. Fuji." |
Risa: 富士山に登ったことがあります。 (Fuji-san ni nobotta koto ga arimasu.) |
Risa: [slow] 富士山に登ったことがあります。 (Fuji-san ni nobotta koto ga arimasu.) |
Eric: The pattern for talking about something you've done before has 4 elements. First, a verb phrase in the informal past tense meaning "to climb Mt. Fuji." Let’s break this phrase down, first we have |
Risa: 富士山 (Fujisan) |
Eric: meaning “Mt. Fuji.” This is followed by a particle indicating movement toward a place, |
Risa: に (ni) |
Eric: and then the informal past tense of the verb "to climb." |
Risa: 登った (nobotta). |
Risa: 富士山に登った (Fuji-san ni nobotta). |
Eric: The second element in the sentence is a nominalizer which turns the preceding verb, adjective, or sentence into a noun. |
Risa: こと (koto). |
Eric: The third element is a subject marking particle. |
Risa: が (ga). |
Eric: And last, the verb meaning "to exist" for inanimate objects. |
Risa: あります (arimasu). |
Eric: Altogether, we have, "I have climbed Mt. Fuji." |
Risa: 富士山に登ったことがあります。 (Fuji-san ni nobotta koto ga arimasu.) [slow] 富士山に登ったことがあります。 (Fuji-san ni nobotta koto ga arimasu.) [normal] 富士山に登ったことがあります。 (Fuji-san ni nobotta koto ga arimasu.) |
Eric: To say that you've done something before in Japanese, you first need to say the verb phrase or action that you've done. This should be in the informal past tense. |
Risa: 富士山に登った (Fuji-san ni nobotta). |
Eric: This is followed by the nominalizer, |
Risa: こと (koto), |
Eric: plus a subject marking particle, |
Risa: が (ga), |
Eric: and at the end, the verb meaning “to exist.” |
Risa: あります (arimasu). |
Risa: 富士山に登ったことがあります。 (Fuji-san ni nobotta koto ga arimasu.) |
Eric: You can also say |
Risa: 私は富士山に登ったことがあります。 (Watashi wa Fuji-san ni nobotta koto ga arimasu.), |
Eric: But again, in Japanese you can omit the subject of the sentence when it's clear. So, in this case, you can omit the subject part, |
Risa: 私は (watashi wa), |
Eric: and simply say: |
Risa: 富士山に登ったことがあります。 (Fuji-san ni nobotta koto ga arimasu.) |
Eric: So remember, to say that you’ve done something before, first say a verb or verb phrase describing the thing you've done in the informal past tense. Then at the end, just add: |
Risa: ことがあります(koto ga arimasu) |
Eric: Here’s another example meaning, "I have been to Kyōto." First, we need the verb phrase in the informal past tense meaning "went to Kyoto." Let’s break this phrase down. First we have |
Risa: 京都 (Kyoto) |
Eric: followed by a particle indicating movement toward a place |
Risa: に (ni) |
Eric: and then the informal past tense of a verb "to go" |
Risa: 行った (itta). |
Risa: 京都に行った (Kyōto ni itta). |
Eric: The second element in the sentence is a nominalizer which turns the preceding verb or sentence into a noun. |
Risa: こと (koto). |
Eric: Third, a subject marking particle. |
Risa: が (ga). |
Eric: And last, the verb meaning "to exist" for inanimate objects. |
Risa: あります (arimasu). |
Eric: Altogether we have... |
Risa: 京都に行ったことがあります。 (Kyōto ni itta koto ga arimasu.) [slow] 京都に行ったことがあります。 (Kyōto ni itta koto ga arimasu.) [normal] 京都に行ったことがあります。 (Kyōto ni itta koto ga arimasu.) |
Eric: "I have been to Kyōto." |
[pause] |
Risa: 京都に行ったことがあります。 (Kyōto ni itta koto ga arimasu.) |
Eric: How do you say - "I have had sushi." To give you a hint, "to eat sushi" is... |
Risa: 寿司を食べる (sushi o taberu). |
Eric:And “ate sushi” is, |
Risa: 寿司を食べた (sushi o tabeta) [slow] 寿司を食べた (sushi o tabeta). [normal] 寿司を食べた (sushi o tabeta). |
Eric: "I have had sushi." |
[pause] |
Risa: 寿司を食べたことがあります。 (Sushi o tabeta koto ga arimasu.) [slow] 寿司を食べたことがあります。 (Sushi o tabeta koto ga arimasu.) [normal] 寿司を食べたことがあります。 (Sushi o tabeta koto ga arimasu.) |
[pause] |
Risa: 寿司を食べたことがあります。 (Sushi o tabeta koto ga arimasu.) |
REVIEW |
Eric: Let's review the sentences from this lesson. I’ll give you the English equivalent of the phrase, and you’re responsible for shouting it out loud in Japanese. Here we go. |
Eric: "I have climbed Mt. Fuji." |
[pause] |
Risa: 富士山に登ったことがあります。 (Fuji-san ni nobotta koto ga arimasu.) |
[pause] |
Risa: 富士山に登ったことがあります。 (Fuji-san ni nobotta koto ga arimasu.) |
Eric: "I have been to Kyōto." |
[pause] |
Risa: 京都に行ったことがあります。 (Kyōto ni itta koto ga arimasu.) |
[pause] |
Risa: 京都に行ったことがあります。 (Kyōto ni itta koto ga arimasu.) |
Eric: "I have had sushi." |
[pause] |
Risa: 寿司を食べたことがあります。 (Sushi o tabeta koto ga arimasu.) |
[pause] |
Risa: 寿司を食べたことがあります。 (Sushi o tabeta koto ga arimasu.) |
Outro
|
Eric: Okay. That's all for this lesson. You learned a pattern for talking about something you've done before, as in... |
Risa: 富士山に登ったことがあります。 (Fuji-san ni nobotta koto ga arimasu.) |
Eric: meaning "I have climbed Mt. Fuji." |
Eric: You can find more vocab or phrases that go with this sentence pattern in the lesson notes. So please be sure to check them out on JapanesePod101.com. Thanks everyone, see you next time! |
Risa: じゃ、また。(Ja, mata.). |
Comments
HideTry using this pattern in the comments!
こんにちは Gaynorさん!(Konnichiwa Gaynor-san! "Hello Gaynor!")
お元気です!(Ogenki desu! "I'm well!") ありがとうございます。日本に行ったことがないんですね。ぜひ、いつか行けるといいですね!(Nihon ni itta koto ga nai n desu ne. Zehi, itsuka ikeru to ii desu ne! "You haven't been to Japan yet. Hopefully, you can go someday!") 😄
Please let me know if you have any questions.
ありがとうございます!
Team JapanesePod101.com
こんにちは JapanesePod
おげんきですか.
日本にいったことがありません。Hopefully it will change in the future. 😄
Hi Shannon,
Thank you very much for trying to help Chelsea! While your explanation is straight forward and makes sense, please see below for some corrections to the Japanese sentences you've written:
東京ディズニーランドをいたことがありません。
>> 東京ディズニーランドへ行ったことがありません。or
>> 東京ディズニーランドに行ったことがありません。
東京ディズニーランドを行きません。
>> 東京ディズニーランドへ行きません。or
>> 東京ディズニーランドに行きません。
Sincerely,
Miki H
Team JapanesePod101.com
For Chelsea's question:
"Can anyone explain why I have to make the verb a normalizer? Like why cant's just say 京都に行きました"
I think it's the difference between, "I've done this thing" and "I did this".
This structure is useful for saying which experiences you've had!
Because it transforms the verb into a noun. You can say that you've had the experience of doing the thing, rather than just saying, I did the thing.
I try to translate this sentence structure a little bit more literally so I know when to use it, such as:
東京ディズニーランドをいたことがありません。
> I haven't had the experience(thing) of going to Tokyo Disneyland
or "I have not been to Tokyo Disneyland."
Whereas if I used the structure you mentioned,
東京ディズニーランドを行きません。
I did not go to Tokyo Disneyland.
For example, if I was talking about a specific trip to Japan, it would make sense to not use the nominaliser こと that turns things into a noun, because I'm already talking about a specific thing - my trip to Japan, in which I did not go to Tokyo Disneyland.
But if I was talking generally, it would make sense to say that I have not had the thing of going to Tokyo Disneyland.
Waltさん、
こんにちは。
I'm sorry for the late reply.
I think Sono is on the same page as I am, and I would probably said the same thing regarding hiragana use.
The reason why we don't/didn't say 'yes, that is the kanji for こと' is because the usage of kanji there is not
very normal or common. It is, yes, 事 if you want to write with kanji, but too much usage of kanji where you should
write the word in hiragana is one of the problems we have amongst Japanese natives.
The standard usage is hiragana, but in a very special case or super formal document, some people might
prefer using kanji. (And please note that even now I said 'some people' and 'might'.)
This is rather complicated issue.
If you want a simple answer, 'yes, 事 is the kanji, but no, we don't write it in kanji and it should be in hiragana'.
Hope this helps!
Natsuko (奈津子),
Team JapanesePod101.com
Thank you for your response, but unfortunately it doesn't really answer my question.
You wrote, "You can use Hiragana こと for this case." I agree that one can use hiragana rather than kanji, but if somebody wants to use kanji rather than hiragana, which kanji is correct for this situation?
Or perhaps you want to tell me that in this case, the word こと is written ONLY with hiragana, rather than with kanji. If so, that is something I need to know.
In any case, I am trying to learn kanji, and therefore I want to learn which kanji to use if the need ever arises.
You also suggested referring to material in the learning center. Unfortunately, my "basic membership" does not give me access to the learning center, so there is no way I can look at the material you suggested. Do you have another suggestion?
Hi Walt,
Thank you for your comment.
You can use Hiragana こと for this case.
https://www.japanesepod101.com/learningcenter/reference/grammar/171
Keep up the good study!
Cheers,
Sono
Team JapanesePod101.com
Hello. Sorry for bothering you, but do you have an answer for my question about the kanji for こと in the pattern sentence "富士山に登ったことがあります"? Is 事 the kanji for こと in this case?
In the sentence
富士山に登ったことがあります。 (Fuji-san ni nobotta koto ga arimasu.)
is 事 the kanji for こと in this case?
If not, which kanji is correct here?
Chelsea san,
Konnichiwa.
京都に行きました is a perfect sentence.
Could you please tell me the sentence which has a nominalizer?
Then I will describe that point. ?
Yuki 由紀
Team JapanesePod101.com
Can anyone explain why I have to make the verb a normalizer? Like why cant's just say 京都に行きました
Peter Lloyd san,
Konnichiwa.:smile:
Thank you for your post.
If you have any questions, please feel free to as us.
Yuki 由紀
Team JapanesePod101.com
Thanks to Eric and Risa for the clear and excellent descriptions and examples of the various sentence structures.
Very valuable.
peter