Learn how to describe others' feelings using -garu, and you'll also learn set Japanese phrases to use when visiting someone's home
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Naomi: ใใชใใงใใ |
| Chris: Chris here, How Does Your Japanese Friend Feel? ใใฎใฌใในใณใฎๆๆณ "grammar point"ใใฏใไฝใงใใใ |
| Naomi: โใใใ |
| Chris: In this lesson, youโll learn how to describe the feelings of others using โgaru meaning "show signs of-" in Japanese. ไปๅใฎไผ่ฉฑใซใคใใฆๆใใฆใใ ใใใ |
| Naomi: ใใใใจใๅฎใใใๆกๅญใฎๅฎถใซใๅญ็ฌใ่ฆใซๆฅใฆใใพใใ |
| Chris: Nami and Minoru are at Sakurako's house to see her new puppy. |
| Naomi: ๆกๅญใฎใๆฏใใใใใใพใใญใ |
| Chris: Sakurako's mother also appears in the conversation. |
| Naomi: ใงใฏ่ใใฆใฟใพใใใใ |
| Chris: Let's listen. |
Lesson conversation |
|---|
| ้ๆฒข่ๅณ: ใใใชใใใใฃใฑใใ็ฌใๆฌฒใใใชใใ |
| : ไฝ้ใฏ๏ผใญใญไฝ๏ผ |
| ๅคง่ๆกๅญ: ใใใไปใ๏ผ๏ผ๏ผใฐใฉใ ไฝใใชใ |
| ้ฃ้ ๅฎ: ไฝๆ๏ผ |
| ๅคง่ๆกๅญ: ไฝๆใใใใใชใใฎใๆจใฆ็ฌใ ใฃใใใ ใ |
| : ๅฏใใฃใฆใใใใใใใใใใ ใใใๆพใฃใฆๆฅใใใ ใ |
| ้ฃ้ ๅฎ: ใใฎ็ฌใปใปใป่ถณใใฉใใใใฎ๏ผ็ใใใ |
| ๅคง่ๆกๅญ: ็ใใฃใฆใใใใ ใใญใๆๆฅใ็ฃๅปใใใซ้ฃใใฆ่กใใใ ใ |
| ้ๆฒข่ๅณ: ็ฌใๆจใฆใ็ก่ฒฌไปปใชไบบใใใใใ โฆใ่จฑใใชใใ |
| : ใใๅคใซๅบใใใฃใฆใใ |
| ้ฃ้ ๅฎ: ้ใใใใใใๆฌฒใใใฃใฆใใใใ ใใ |
| ๆกๅญใฎๆฏ: ใฟใชใใใใใใฃใใใใ |
| ่ๅณ: ใ้ช้ญใใฆใใพใใ |
| ๆกๅญใฎๆฏ: ใฏใใ็ด ่ถใจใฑใผใญใ |
| ้ฃ้ ๅฎ: ใฉใใใใๆงใใชใใ๏ผใฐใผ๏ผใใปใปใปใ |
| ๆกๅญใฎๆฏ: ้ ๆ ฎใใชใใงใใใฎใใ่ฅใใใ ใใใ |
| ้ฃ้ ๅฎ: ใใฟใพใใใใใใ้ ๆ ฎใชใใใใ ใใพใใ |
| Naomi: ไปๅบฆใฏ่ฑ่ชใฎ่จณใจไธ็ทใซ่ใใฆใฟใพใใใใ |
| ้ๆฒข่ๅณ: ใใใชใใใใฃใฑใใ็ฌใๆฌฒใใใชใใ |
| Chris: Lucky... I definitely want a dog. |
| : ไฝ้ใฏ๏ผใญใญไฝ๏ผ |
| Chris: What does he weigh, about one kilogram? |
| ๅคง่ๆกๅญ: ใใใไปใ๏ผ๏ผ๏ผใฐใฉใ ไฝใใชใ |
| Chris: Yeah. He's about eight hundred grams at the moment. |
| ้ฃ้ ๅฎ: ไฝๆ๏ผ |
| Chris: How old is he? |
| ๅคง่ๆกๅญ: ไฝๆใใใใใชใใฎใๆจใฆ็ฌใ ใฃใใใ ใ |
| Chris: I don't know how old he is. He was abandoned. |
| : ๅฏใใฃใฆใใใใใใใใใใ ใใใๆพใฃใฆๆฅใใใ ใ |
| Chris: He looked cold and I felt sorry for him, so I picked him up and brought him home. |
| ้ฃ้ ๅฎ: ใใฎ็ฌใปใปใป่ถณใใฉใใใใฎ๏ผ็ใใใ |
| Chris: This dog...what's wrong with his leg? It looks sore. |
| ๅคง่ๆกๅญ: ็ใใฃใฆใใใใ ใใญใๆๆฅใ็ฃๅปใใใซ้ฃใใฆ่กใใใ ใ |
| Chris: He looks like he's in pain, doesn't he? I'm taking him to the vet tomorrow. |
| ้ๆฒข่ๅณ: ็ฌใๆจใฆใ็ก่ฒฌไปปใชไบบใใใใใ โฆใ่จฑใใชใใ |
| Chris: There are irresponsible people out there who would abandon a dog. It's unforgivable. |
| : ใใๅคใซๅบใใใฃใฆใใ |
| Chris: Oh, he wants to go outside. |
| ้ฃ้ ๅฎ: ้ใใใใใใๆฌฒใใใฃใฆใใใใ ใใ |
| Chris: No, he wants some food. |
| ๆกๅญใฎๆฏ: ใฟใชใใใใใใฃใใใใ |
| Chris: Everyone, welcome. |
| ่ๅณ: ใ้ช้ญใใฆใใพใใ |
| Chris: Please excuse us. |
| ๆกๅญใฎๆฏ: ใฏใใ็ด ่ถใจใฑใผใญใ |
| Chris: Here you are, tea and cake. |
| ้ฃ้ ๅฎ: ใฉใใใใๆงใใชใใ๏ผใฐใผ๏ผใใปใปใปใ |
| Chris: Please don't trouble yourself. (stomach rumbling) Ah... |
| ๆกๅญใฎๆฏ: ้ ๆ ฎใใชใใงใใใฎใใ่ฅใใใ ใใใ |
| Chris: Go on, you don't have to be polite. You're young! |
| ้ฃ้ ๅฎ: ใใฟใพใใใใใใ้ ๆ ฎใชใใใใ ใใพใใ |
| Chris: Thank you. Alright, I'll help myself. |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Naomi: ใใใใใใงใใใญใใใฎ็ฌใฏใใๆจใฆ็ฌใใชใใงใใใญใ |
| Chris: ๆจใฆ็ฌใAbandoned dog. ใงใใๆฅๆฌใฏใใใชใซๆจใฆ็ฌใจใๆจใฆ็ซใจใใ่ฆใชใใงใใใญใ |
| Naomi: ๆฑไบฌใ ใจใ็ขบใใซ่ฆใชใใงใใญใใงใใๅฎใฏ็ตๆงใใใใงใใใญใ |
| Chris: ใใผใใใใงใใใ |
| Naomi: ใงใใใฉใณใใฃใขใงไธ่ฉฑใใใไบบใใใพใใๆจใฆ็ฌใจใใญใๆจใฆ็ซใจใใใใขใกใชใซใฏใฉใใงใใใ |
| Chris: ใขใกใชใซใฏใใพใใ่กใซใใใจๆใใใงใใใฉใใใฃใฑใๅคงใใ่กใ ใจ็ตๆงใใใจๆใใพใใญใ็ตๆง่ฆใพใใ |
| Naomi:ใใใใใใงใใใ |
| Chris: Yeah, you see a lot more abandoned animals I think in a big city than you would see in smaller towns. |
| Naomi: ใญใใกใใฃใจๆฒใใใงใใใญใ |
| Chris: ใใใงใใญใ |
| Naomi: ใจใใใงใไผ่ฉฑใฎไธญใงใ็ฌใฎไฝ้๏ผใญใญใใฃใฆ่จใฃใฆใพใใใใญใ๏ผใญใญใฃใฆไฝใใณใใซใชใใใงใใใ |
| Chris: How many pounds is 1 kilo? Well, 1 pound is 450 grams. So, itโs a little more than 2 pounds. |
| Naomi: ใใผใใใใ๏ผใใณใใใใใฎ็ฌใใฃใฆใใจใงใใญใ |
| Chris: ใใใงใใญใ |
| Naomi: ใฏใชในใใใฏใใใฐใฉใ ใใจใใใปใณใใใจใใๅบฆใใจใใๆฅๆฌใฎๅไฝใฃใฆใใใฎใฏใใกใใๅใใใพใใใญ๏ผ |
| Chris: My familiar used units in Japan is like โgramโ, โcentimetersโ and โcentigrade.โ ใใผใใๅใใใพใใใฉใใใใฃใฑใใพใ ใกใใฃใจ่ใใชใใใใๅใใใชใใใจใๅคใใงใใญใ |
| Naomi: ใใใงใใใญใไพใใฐใ็งใ่ฑ่ชใ่ฉฑใใฆใใจใใใฃใผใใใจใใใใณใใใจใ่จใใใใจใใชใใใกใใฃใจ่ใใชใใจๅใใใชใใใงใใใญใ |
| Chris: ใใใงใใใญใYou have to make a translation in your head for โfeetโ and these kinds of things. |
| Naomi: ใใใใใใใ โFahrenheitโ ใจ โCelsiusโใ |
| Chris: ใใใงใใญใThe difference between โFahrenheitโ and โCelsius.โ ใใผใใ้ฃใใใงใใญใ |
| Naomi: ใไปๆฅใฏ100ๅบฆใใใใงใใใฃใฆ่จใใใฆใใใไฝๅบฆใ ๏ผๆใใฎใใๅฏใใฎใ๏ผใใฟใใใชใ |
| Chris: ใใใงใใญใ็ใใกใใใใใงใใ |
| Naomi: ใใใใใใงใใญใโCelsiusโใ ใจใ็ใใกใใใพใใญใ |
| Chris: ใใใงใใญใ |
| Vocabulary and Phrases |
| Chris: Let's take a look at the vocabulary for this lesson. The first word we shall see is: |
| Naomi: ๆจใฆใ [natural native speed] |
| Chris: to throw away |
| Naomi: ๆจใฆใ [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Naomi: ๆจใฆใ [natural native speed] |
| Naomi: ๆพใ [natural native speed] |
| Chris: to pick up |
| Naomi: ๆพใ [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Naomi: ๆพใ [natural native speed] |
| Naomi: ็ก่ฒฌไปป [natural native speed] |
| Chris: irresponsibility, irresponsible;Adj(na) |
| Naomi: ็ก่ฒฌไปป [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Naomi: ็ก่ฒฌไปป [natural native speed] |
| Naomi: ้ ๆ ฎ [natural native speed] |
| Chris: restraint, reserve, discretion |
| Naomi: ้ ๆ ฎ [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Naomi: ้ ๆ ฎ [natural native speed] |
| Naomi: ไฝ้ [natural native speed] |
| Chris: weight |
| Naomi: ไฝ้ [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Naomi: ไฝ้ [natural native speed] |
| KEY VOCABULARY AND PHRASES |
| Chris: Let's have a closer look at the usage for some of the words and phrases from this lesson. |
| Naomi: ๅ้ใฎใใกใซ่กใใจใใซไพฟๅฉใชใใฌใผใบใ2ใคๅๅผทใใพใใใใ |
| Chris: Let's take a look at some useful expressions for visiting someoneโs house |
| ๆๅใฎใใฌใผใบใ้กใใใพใใ |
| Naomi: ้ ๆ ฎใใชใใงใ |
| Chris: Please don't hesitate.ใDon't hold back. ้ ๆ ฎใใ means โto hesitateโ, so this phraseใใใใใใใชใใงใor ใใใใใใชใใงใใ ใใ is used by the host to tell their guest not to hesitate. |
| Naomi: ใณใผใใผใจใใ็ด ่ถใจใใๅบใใจใใซใใ่จใใพใใใ้ ๆ ฎใใชใใงใใ ใใใญ๏ฝใ |
| Chris: Right, [้ ๆ ฎใใชใใงใis used usually when offering something to eat or drink. Hmmm, I think it might be a bit similar to "Please, help yourself" in English. |
| Naomi: ใใใงใใใ |
| Chris: And when you're about to eat or drink what is offered you say... |
| Naomi: ใใใ้ ๆ ฎใชใใใใ ใใพใใ |
| Chris: Enryo naku means โwithout reserve.โใใใ ใใพใ means "I'm going to receive."ใSo literally means "I'm going to receive this without reserve." |
| Naomi: ไพใใฐใใใใชๆใใงใใ็งใฏใชใใฃในใงใใงใณใฌใผใใ้ ใฃใฆใใพใใ |
| Chris: Here's a situation. Naomi is giving everyone chocolate. |
| Naomi: ใฏใชในใใใใใงใณใฌใผใใใใใงใใ๏ผ็ใใใฎๅฅฝใใงใใใญใ |
| Chris: ใใปใปใปใงใใๆๅพใฎไธๅใงใใญใปใปใปใ |
| Naomi: ๅคงไธๅคซใ้ ๆ ฎใใชใใงใใพใ ใใใใใ |
| Chris: ใใใงใใ๏ผใใใ้ ๆ ฎใชใใใใ ใใพใใ |
| Chris: Did you get the meaning? Naomi said... |
| Naomi: ใฏใชในใใใใใงใณใฌใผใใใใใงใใ๏ผ"Chris, would you like some chocolate?"็ใใใฎๅฅฝใใงใใใญใ"I know you love sweets." |
| Chris: But I said... |
| Naomi: ใงใใๆๅพใฎไธๅใงใใญใปใปใป"But, it's the last one." |
| Chris: And Naomi said |
| Naomi: ๅคงไธๅคซใ้ ๆ ฎใใชใใงใ"It's OK.Don't hesitate. "ใพใ ใใใใใ"I have more." |
| Chris: So I said |
| Naomi: ใใใงใใ๏ผ"Is that right?" ใใใ้ ๆ ฎใชใใใใ ใใพใใ"In that case, I'll take it." |
| Chris: ๆฅๆฌไบบใฎไบบใฏใใ้ ๆ ฎใใพใใใญใ |
| Naomi: ใใใงใใญใๅคๅใใใใใใผใงใใใใจๆใใพใใ |
| Chirs: So you'd consider it a way of showing respect/being polite...? |
| Naomi: ใฏใใใใไบบใซใๅ ดๅใซใใใใพใใใฉใญใ |
| Chris: Of course it depends on the person and situation. |
Lesson focus |
| Chris: In this lesson, youโll learn how to sayโhe feels coldโ or โshe feels sad" using โgaru in Japanese. Naomi-sensei, how do you say "I feel cold." |
| Naomi: ็งใฏๅฏใ |
| Chris: "Tom feels cold" |
| Naomi: ใใ ใฏๅฏใใ |
| Chris: How about "I feel scared" |
| Naomi: ็งใฏใใใ |
| Chris: "Tom feels scared" is? |
| Naomi: ใใ ใฏๆใใ |
| Chris: Did you notice that ใใ is used in the second examples where we talk about someone else? In Japanese, when talking about someone's psychological and physiological feeling or condition, we use garu meaning "show signs of". How do we use this? |
| Naomi: For i adjectives, drop the final "i" and add ใใ. |
| Chris: Let's give an example. How do we say "painful"? |
| Naomi: ็ใ |
| Chris: Drop the final "i" |
| Naomi: ใใ |
| Chris: Add ใใ to it |
| Naomi: ็ใใ |
| Chris: "To show signs of pain."ใSample sentence, please. |
| Naomi: ็ถใฏๆญฏใ็ใใฃใฆใใใ |
| Chris: "My father has a toothache." |
| There are two things you have to keep in mind. First, when talking about current situations, ใใ is usually in its present progressive form, which is ใใฃใฆใใ. |
| Naomi: Right. Not ็ใใ but ็ใใฃใฆใใ |
| Chris: Secondly, the particle ga was replaced with the particle o in sentences that describe a third personโs feelings. |
| Naomi: Right, for example, I have a toothache is ็งใฏๆญฏใใใใใ |
| Chris: Here ใฏ tooth is marked by the particle ใ |
| Naomi: But my father has a toothache is ็ถใฏๆญฏใ็ใใฃใฆใใใ |
| Chris: In this sentence, ใฏใis marked by the particle ใ |
| OK. Listen and repeat after Naomi. "My father has a toothache." |
| Naomi: (pause)็ถใฏๆญฏใ็ใใฃใฆใใใ |
| Chris: OK. Listeners, it's your turn. How do you say "My mother has a headache."? |
| (Pause) Here's a hint. "To have a headache" is |
| Naomi: ้ ญใ็ใ |
| Chris: Since the subject is "My mother" you have to replace ใ with ใ....So, |
| Naomi: ๆฏใฏ้ ญใ็ใใฃใฆใใใ |
| Chris: Literally, "My mother is showing signs of a headache" or "My mother has a headache." |
| Chris: Let's do one more. Naomi-sensei, do you have anything that you want? |
| ไฝใไปๆฌฒใใใใฎใใใใพใใ๏ผ |
| Naomi: ็งใฏๆฐใใ่ปใๆฌฒใใใ |
| Chris: OK. So you want a new car. Listeners, say, "Naomi wants a new car." |
| Chris: Were you able to say that? That should be ็ด็พๅ ็ใฏๆฐใใ่ปใๆฌฒใใใฃใฆใใ or ็ด็พๅ ็ใฏๆฐใใ่ปใๆฌฒใใใฃใฆใใพใใ |
| Naomi: ใฏใชในใใใฏใฉใใงใใใๆฌฒใใใใฎใใใพใใ๏ผ |
| Chris: ใใผใใๅใฏใจใผใญใใใฎๆ ่กใฎใใฑใใใๆฌฒใใใงใใญใ |
| Naomi: ใใใ็ใใใไปใฎๆ็ซ ใ่จใฃใฆใใ ใใใใฏใชในใใใฏใใใ |
| Chris: If you said, |
| Naomi: ใฏใชในใใใฏใจใผใญใใใฎๆ ่กใฎใใฑใใใๆฌฒใใใฃใฆใใ. |
| Chris: you're correct. |
| Naomi: ็ใใใฎใๅ้ใใๅฎถๆใใใผใใใผใฏไฝใๆฌฒใใใฃใฆใใพใใ๏ผๆฏ้ๆใใฆใใ ใใใ |
| Chris: What do your friends, family members or partner want? Let us know in the comments. |
Outro |
| Naomi: ๆฏ้ใใณใกใณใใๆฎใใฆใใ ใใใ |
| Chris: Go to JapanesePod101.com and leave us a comment. That's going to wrap it up for this lesson. Thanks for listening! |
| Naomi: ใใใใพใใ |
| Chris: See you next time. |
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