Learn what you'll find in question three of the grammar and reading comprehension section of the Japanese Language Proficiency Exam
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| *****Opening******** |
| Jessi: Hi everyone and welcome to Lesson 6 of the New JLPT N3 Prep Course Lesson 6. Jessi here. |
| Naomi: こんにちは。直美です。このレッスンでは、文法と読解の問題3を紹介します。 |
| Jessi: In this lesson, we'll cover もんだい 3 of the Grammar and Reading Comprehension section. |
| Naomi:もんだい３は 短い文章を読んで、穴埋めをします。穴埋めは"filling in the blanks". |
| Jessi: So in もんだい３, you need to choose the appropriate conjunction or phrase that fits the passage. |
| Naomi:このような問題は５個あります。 |
| Jessi: There will be ５ of this type of question on the test. |
| Jessi: To pass JLPT N3 and above, it is essential to know how to use auxiliary verbs, also known as helping verbs, and suffixes. |
| Naomi: Yes, Knowing how they work not only helps you to prepare for the test, but also helps you sound natural in Japanese. |
| Jessi: Great point! At this point we are not only studying for the JLPT - these are all very useful things to know. |
| Naomi: このレッスンでは、似ているものを比べながら、勉強しましょう。 |
| Jessi:Good idea. In this lesson, we'll compare expressions that are similar. |
| Naomi:まず最初のペアーは 「ぬく」と「きる」 |
| Jessi: First, let's clarify what we mean by auxiliary verbs. These two verbs attach to the masu stem of another verb to create a different nuance. |
| Naomi: ～ぬく は、「難しいことを最後までする」という意味です。 |
| Jessi: ぬく attaches to the masu stem of another verb, and adds the nuance of "to manage to do something to the end enduring hardship". |
| Naomi: For example, 生きる means "to live", right? If you add ぬく to the masu stem, you get 生き抜く, which means "to live through", or "survive". |
| Jessi: 例文お願いします。 |
| Naomi: 寒い冬を生きぬくために、動物は秋にたくさん食べ物をとる。 |
| Jessi: "Animals eat a lot during autumn in order to survive the cold winter." So again, the nuance is that there is hardship involved - it is not an easy thing to do, right? |
| Naomi: そうです！ |
| つぎに「きる」を勉強しましょう。 |
| Jessi:As a similar expression, there is きる, which also attaches to the masu stem. |
| Naomi:きる は 「～しおわる」という意味です。難しいことじゃなくてもつかいます。 |
| Jessi: ---kiru means "to finish doing something completely". No real nuance of hardship in this one, though. What are some common examples? |
| Naomi: 食べきる (to finish eating), 使い切る (to use up), etc. |
| Can we hear a sample sentence? |
| Naomi: 一日に、マンガを１０冊読みきった。 |
| Jessi: I completed (finished reading) 10 volumes of manga in one day. |
| Naomi: Next, let's take a look at some suffixes.First let's compare ぎみ and がち. |
| Jessi: This next set comes after the masu stem of a verb and nouns. What's the first one? |
| Naomi: ぎみ |
| Jessi: "すこし---だ", "feels or seems like ----" |
| Naomi: Probably the most common phrase that uses this word is 風邪気味 |
| Jessi: Ah, right. Like, you feel like you're getting a cold.. but you aren't actually full-on sick yet. Like "I have a bit of a cold". |
| Naomi: そうです。 風邪ぎみmeans 少しかぜです。 |
| For example... かぜぎみなので、会社を休んだ。 |
| Jessi: "I felt a cold coming on, so I stayed home from work." |
| Naomi: The other word is がち |
| Jessi: "よく----する", "be apt to---" "tend to---". 例文お願いします。 |
| Naomi: 最近、会社を休みがちだけれど、どうしたの。 |
| Jessi: "You've been missing work a lot lately... what's going on?" So, we had the masu stem 休み plus がち。 休みがち。 |
| Naomi: やすみがち means よくやすむ。 |
| These がち and ぎみ are easy to confuse so be careful. |
| ***************＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊: |
| Jessi: They are! But sometimes you can use one and not the other.. but you don't need to know those details for the test. （「がち」・・・と「ぎみ」は意味違いますよね？同じになるときありますかね？もしあれば、これでも大丈夫ですが・・・:） |
| Naomi: Yes, as long as you know the general meaning of each, you will be fine. |
| ************************************************* |
| Jessi: Well, what's next? |
| Naomi: Next, we have a pair of expressions that follow adjectives and nouns. The first is っぽい。 |
| Jessi: "～のようだ", "-ish", "---like"。例文お願いします。 |
| Naomi: あの子はまだ12才だが、大人っぽい。 |
| Jessi:"That child is only 12, but is very mature." So 大人っぽい = literally, like an adult, or mature. Speaking of 大人っぽい, you also hear 子どもっぽい a lot too, don't you. |
| Naomi: Right! It means "like a child", or "childish". |
| Jessi: What are some other examples? |
| Naomi: Well, you can use it with verbs too, like 怒りっぽい (get angry easily)and 飽きっぽい (fickle). |
| Jessi: What's the other one? |
| Naomi: げ。 Just one syllable! |
| Jessi: And it means "～そう", "seeming". |
| Naomi: Right, in fact it is very similar to そう。 |
| でも、「げ」は人にしかつかえません。 |
| However, げ is used exclusively to describe a person's state. |
| Jessi: It attaches to i-adjectives without the final -i. |
| 例文お願いします。 |
| Naomi: 悲しげな顔をして、どうしたの？ |
| Jessi: You look so sad... what happened? |
| Naomi: The original adjective was 悲しい. We dropped the final -i and added げ。悲しげ |
| Jessi: "seems sad", or "looks sad"。 |
| Naomi:「悲しげ」 は「悲しそう」という意味です。 |
| げ、I形容詞 以外に[~たい]にもつきますね。 |
| Jessi:This "ge"can follow Verb plus tai "want to" |
| Naomi:In that case, you need to replace the final i with げ though. |
| 彼は、何か言いたげだった。 |
| Jessi: "He looked like he wanted to say something." 言いたげ= looks like one wants to say |
| Naomi:言いたげ means 言いたそう. |
| Naomi: Okay everyone, how were those expressions? Not too difficult, we hope? |
| Jessi: But please don't hesitate to ask us anything in the comments! |
| Naomi: As always, you'll find more expressions useful for the test in the Lesson Notes, so make sure to read them. |
| Jessi: Thanks for listening, everyone! Make sure to join us next time! |
| Naomi: じゃまた～ |
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