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Lesson Transcript

:*****Opening********
Jessi:Hello and welcome back to the JLPT Level 4 Last Minute Prep Course. I'm Jessi and I'm here joined by Naomi.
Naomi:こんにちは。今日は、3回目のレッスンですね。
Jessi:That's right, this is our third lesson. In the previous lesson we covered the particle questions that show up on the どっかい・ぶんぽう　Reading-Grammar section.
Naomi:今日は、どっかいとぶんぽうのもんだい２と３です。
Jessi:In this lesson, we'll be covering Questions 2 and 3 from the Reading-grammar section.
Naomi:がんばりましょう。
Jessi:Let's get started.
:*****もんだい２and もんだい３********
Jessi:First of all, Naomi-sensei, can you read the instructions for もんだい2 and3?
Naomi:They both have the same instructions. Actually they're the same instructions as もんだい１
Jessi:We covered もんだい1　in the previous lesson.
Naomi:下線の　ところに　なにを　いれますか。
Jessi: What would you put in the blank?　or Fill in the blank to complete the sentence.
１・２・３・４から　いちばん　いい　ものを　ひとつ　えらびなさい。
Jessi:Choose the best answer from 1 to 4.
Naomi:もんだい２は、質問が15あります。もんだい３は、質問が６あります。
Jessi:So there are 15　questions in もんだい２. And there are 6 questions in もんだい３
もんだい ２ tests your ability to use the right form of verbs, adjectives and nouns in the sentence.
もんだい ３ mainly tests if you use the right question words, counters and adverbs in context.
Naomi:Right. もんだい２ともんだい３は文法のもんだいです。
Jessi:もんだい２and 3 are testing grammar.
Naomi:では、もんだい２から始めましょう。Let's start with もんだい２ section.
:*****もんだい２********
Jessi:In もんだい ２, there are lots of questions about verb conjugation and adjective conjugation, so you need to review the conjugation and its usage.
Naomi:形容詞のadverbial formを復習しましょう。First, let's review the adverbial form of adjectives.
Jessi:Just to refresh everyone's memory, an adverb is a word that describes how an action is done. Words like "quickly" and "quietly" are examples of adverbs. How to create an adverb from an adjective is covered in Beginner Series season 4 Lesson 5. And the rules are quite simple, right Naomi-sensei?
Naomi:Right. If it's a i adjective, change the final い to く. For example, はやい(fast)becomes はやく, and みじかい(short) becomes みじかく
For na adjectives, just add に to the dictionary form. So きれい(beautiful or clean) becomes きれいに, and しずか(quiet)becomes しずかに.
Jessi:On the JLPT Level 4 test, the adverbial form of an adjective is often used with the verb なる, "to become".
Naomi:Right. For example, はやくなる means "to become fast". みじかくなる is "To become short"　きれいになる "to become clean or to become beautiful"　しずかになる "to become quiet"
Jessi:OK. Can we hear some sample sentences using adverbs?
Naomi:In December, on a cold day, you can say さむくなりましたね～。
Jessi:It's become cold, hasn't it? This is actually a common phrase you hear as the seasons change. So that means you'll also hear　あつくなりましたね, It's gotten hot, hasn't it?
Naomi:Right. As well as あたたかくなりましたね(Jessi - It's become warm, hasn't it?) and すずしくなりましたね (Jessi - It's become cool, hasn't it?)
Jessi: Now can we hear a sample sentence using na adjectives?
Naomi: If someone is being noisy in the library, you can say... すみませんが、しずかにしてください。
Jessi:Excuse me, but please be quiet. OK. Don't forget to check out the other adjectives in the lesson notes. And now we move onto the verbs. We strongly recommend that you review the te-form, the nai-form and the masu stem of the verb once again.
Naomi:In this lesson we'll just focus on the usage of とき (= when), まえ (= before), あと (= after), and てから( = after).
Jessi:Let's start with the usage of とき. The verb that comes before とき must be in the informal form. Here's an example..
Naomi:オーストラリアに行くとき、ビザが必要です。
Jessi:When you go to Australia, you'll need a visa.
Naomi:If you're talking about a past action or event, you have to change the preceding verb into the past tense.
オーストラリアに行ったとき、カンガルーをみました。
Jessi:When I went to Australia, I saw kangaroos. OK. Let's move onto the next word, まえ, which means before。 まえ follows the non-past infromal from of a verb. Here's an example..
Naomi:いつも、学校に行く前、べんきょうをします。
Jessi:I always study before I go to school.
Naomi:For まえ、the preceding verb has to be in the non-past form even if you're talking about a past event or action.
For example, 学校に行く前勉強をしました。
Jessi:I studied before I went to school. It's not 学校に行った前, but 学校に行く前, so be careful.　
Naomi:The opposite word of まえ, before, is あと, after.
Jessi:あと is different than まえ in that you need to use Informal past tense of a verb.
Naomi:Right. For example... 晩ご飯を食べた後、ジョギングをします。
Jessi:After I have dinner, I'll go jogging. Now here, it doesn't matter if you're talking about a past event or a present/future event, the verb that comes before あと has to be in the past tense.
Naomi:You can express the same idea by using から which also means after.
Jessi:However, the formation is different. We have to use the te form of a verb with から.
Naomi:So,　晩ご飯を食べてから、ジョギングをします。
Jessi:After I have dinner, I'll go jogging. OK. Can we hear all of the examples again, with context? First let's go over とき, "when". Remember that the informal form of a verb comes before とき
Naomi:オーストラリアに行ったとき、カンガルーをみました。
Jessi:When I went to Australia, I saw Kangaroos. Next, まえ"before"。Remember, the Non-past informal form of a verb comes before まえ
Naomi:学校に行く前、勉強をしました。
Jessi:I studied before I went to school. On to あと, "after". Remember that the Informal past form of a verb comes before あと
Naomi:晩ご飯を食べた後、ジョギングをしました。
Jessi:I went jogging after I had dinner. Finally, から"after". Don't forget that the Te form of a verb comes before から
Naomi:晩ご飯を食べてから　ジョギングをしました。
Jessi:I went jogging after I had dinner.
:*****もんだい3********
Naomi:次はもんだい３です。もんだい３はinterrogative wordsやカウンターがたくさん出ます。
Jessi:In もんだい３, you need to choose the appropriate interrogative word or counter in context. So please review basic interrogative words and basic counters.
Naomi:Especially the general counter such as 一つ二つ三つ and the counter for people,一人二人三人. Also, the counter for thin flat object 枚、and the counter for floors, 階.
Jessi:枚 and 階 are covered in Newbie series season 4.　
Naomi:それから、「まだ」、と　「もう」もよく、出ますね。Also the usage of まだ "Still" and もう "already"　are often tested in this part.
Jessi:Can we hear them in context?
Naomi:九時です means It's nine o'clock. まだ九時です is
Jessi:It's still 9:00, or it's only 9.
Naomi:もう九時です is
Jessi:It's already 9:00.
:*****Practice********
Jessi:OK. Let's do a small quiz here.Naomi-sensei is going to read a incomplete sentence. Your job is choose the appropriate phrase to complete the sentence.Are you ready?
Naomi:きのうは＿＿＿＿＿＿＿。
Jessi:1. あついですね　２　あつかったですね　3あついでした　4あつくなかったでした
Now, can we here the question again?
Naomi:きのうは。。。
Jessi:きのう is yesterday, so you have to choose the past tense. With that in mind, let's hear the choices again.
Naomi: :1. あついですね　２　あつかったですね　3あついでした　4あつくなかったでした
Jessi: And the answer is...?
Naomi:2.あつかったですね。So the whole sentence would be きのうは、あつかったですね
Jessi:How was it? Did you get the right answer?
Naomi:どうでしたか？じゃ、今日は、ここまで。
Jessi:And that's all for this lesson.
:*****Closing********
Jessi:
:*****Bye********
Naomi:じゃ、また。
Jessi:See you next time.

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