Learn about the top five particles you'll need for the test
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| :*****Opening******** |
| Jessi:Hello and welcome back to the JLPT Level 4 Last Minute Prep Course. I'm Jessi and I'm here joined by Naomi. |
| Naomi:こんにちは、みなさん。直美です。 |
| Jessi:In lesson 1 we covered もじ・ごい, the Reading-Vocabulary section. |
| Naomi:Right. 皆さん復習しましたか？ |
| Jessi:Did you memorize the word we listed in the lesson notes? We hope you did. Because we're going to use those vocab words a lot in the lesson. |
| Naomi:今日は、どっかいとぶんぽうです。 |
| Jessi:In this lesson we'll explain what the どっかい・ぶんぽう Reading-Grammar section is like. |
| Naomi:どっかい means reading comprehension and ぶんぽう means grammar. |
| Jessi:OK. Naomi-sensei, tell us about this section. |
| Naomi:読解文法のテストは５０分です |
| Jessi:The time alloted for the Reading-Grammar section is 50 minutes. |
| Naomi:もんだいは４７あります。 |
| Jessi:There are 47 questions, and there are 6 types of questions. And they are called もんだい１もんだい２もんだい３もんだい４もんだい５もんだい６ |
| Naomi:Right. もんだい１から３は文法。もんだい４から６は読解のテストです。 |
| Jessi:Questions 1 through 3 test your grammar knowledge and questions 4 to 6 test your reading comprehension. |
| Naomi:今日はもんだい１を勉強します。 |
| Jessi: In this lesson, we'll be focusing on もんだい１. |
| :*****もんだい１******** |
| Jessi:もんだい１ tests how much you know about Japanese particles. Naomi-sensei, can you read the instructions? |
| Naomi:下線の ところに なにを いれますか。 １・２・３・４から いちばん いい ものを ひとつ えらびなさい。 |
| Jessi:Fill in the blank to complete the sentence. Choose the best answer from 1 to 4. |
| Naomi:As we mentioned in the previous lesson, 下線 is underline 下線のところ means the underlined part. なに is whatいれる is "to put" or "to insert" |
| Jessi:So,下線のところに何を入れますか。means "What would you put in the underlined part" And the choices are all particles. |
| Naomi:The Top 5 particles you should know for JLPT level4 test are を、に、で、が and と |
| :*****を******** |
| Jessi:Let's start with the particle を. The most basic usage of particle を is as an object marker. |
| Naomi:Right. Such as みずをください。 |
| Jessi:Water please. |
| Naomi:コーヒーを飲みます。 |
| Jessi:I drink coffee. |
| Naomi:When giving directions, another usage of を is often used. Such as 角を曲がってください。 |
| Jessi:Please turn at the corner. When a sentence involves a motion verb such as "magaru" to turn, "aruku" to walk, "hashiru"to run, the place is often marked by を. |
| Naomi:Right 公園を歩く。I walk through the park. |
| Jessi:Also when you go from a smaller place to a bigger place, the particle o is used. |
| Naomi:バスを降りる I get off the bus. 家を出る。 I leave home. |
| Jessi:A bus and home are relatively smaller than the outside. |
| :*****に******* |
| Jessi: The next particle we're looking at is に The simplest use is.... |
| Naomi:デパートに行きます。 |
| Jessi:I'm going to the department store. This Ｎｉ indicates destination and is similar to English To. I'm going TO the department store" For this usage ＮI can be replaced with Ｅ |
| Naomi:You can add the purpose by using NI. For example, 買い物 is shopping. デパートに買い物に行きます。 |
| Jessi:I'm going to the department store to shop. |
| Naomi: I just remembered that when my English was not that good, I kept saying "I called to my friend" or "I e-mailed to my friend" |
| Of course they are wrong in English but in Japanese we add に to mark the recipient of the action. |
| Jessi:Right. Ni indicates an indirect object too. So how would you say "I called my friend?" |
| Naomi:私は友だちに電話した。 |
| Jessi:"I e-mailed my friend" is? |
| Naomi:私は友だちにメールした。 |
| Jessi:We mentioned that the movement from a smaller space to a larger place is marked by を. However the movement from a larger space to a smaller place is marked by に |
| Naomi:バスに乗る。 |
| Jessi:I get on a bus. |
| Naomi:タクシーにのる |
| Jessi:I get in a taxi. |
| Naomi:But for getting off the particle is を バスをおりる タクシーをおりる |
| Jessi:To get off the bus, to get out of the taxi respectively. |
| ********と********** |
| Jessi:We've just introduced the sentence 私は友だちに電話した。But instead of に you can use と right? |
| Naomi:友だちと電話した? Yes. But the nuance is a bit different though. |
| Jessi:と Means "with", "together" So...友だちと電話した is I called my friend but the nuance is more like I talked with my friend on the phone. |
| Naomi:Right. と has more bidirectional connotation, not just one way. So マイケルはリサと結婚した。 |
| Jessi:Micheal got married to Lisa. You can also say マイケルとリサは結婚した。Micheal and Lisa got married. |
| Naomi:Right. This と means "And" |
| Jessi:And There's one more important usage of と. と is used as a quotation marker. |
| Naomi:そうですね。 と marks where the quote ends. For JLPT4, you need to know AというＢ |
| Jessi:"B which is called A" or "B which is known as A" |
| Naomi:For example, フジさんというお店 |
| Jessi:A shop called Fujisan |
| Naomi:ジェシーと言う人 |
| Jessi:A person called Jessi. Japanesepod101.comというサイト a site called Japanesepod101.com. |
| Naomi:Right. Japanesepod101.comというサイトを知っていますか？ |
| Jessi:Do you know a website called Japanesepod101.com? |
| Naomi:Japanesepod101.comというサイでにほんごを勉強します。 |
| Jessi:I study Japanese at a website called Japanesepod101.com. |
| *****で****** |
| Naomi:Actually, で is the next particle we're looking at. |
| Jessi:The particle で indicates tools, means, a reason or a place for an action. |
| Naomi:ペンでかきます。 |
| Jessi:I write with a pen. ペンで・・・This De indicates the tool that the action is being done with. |
| Naomi:バスでいきます。 |
| Jessi:I go by bus. バスで・・・This De indicates means of transportation. |
| Naomi:インフルエンザで学校を休みます。 |
| Jessi:I'm not going to school because of the influenza. インフルエンザで・・・This de indicates reason |
| Naomi:Right. Like "because of". |
| Naomi:マクドナルドでコーヒーを飲みます。 |
| Jessi:I have coffee at Macdonald. マクドナルドで・・・This de indicates place for action. |
| Naomi-sensei, we mentioned を also indicates the place for action. What's the difference between the 2? |
| Naomi:Well...を can be used only with a verb that expresses motion such as あるく to walk, およぐ to swim, はしる to run, and まがる to turn, whereas で can be used with any action. |
| :*****が****** |
| Jessi:Last but not least, the particle ga. Ga indicates the object of certain verbs or adjectives. |
| Naomi:Certain verbs and adjectives...That sounds tricky.(笑） |
| Jessi:Yes. It might be a little tricky. Basically, you have to memorize which verbs or adjective take が. But the good news is the number of vocabulary is limited in JLPT level 4 and we made a list of those verbs and adjectives in the lesson notes so make sure to read them. |
| Naomi:今日は、ここまで。 |
| Jessi:That's all for this lesson. |
| :*****Closing****** |
| Jessi: Commercial |
| :*****Good bye****** |
| Naomi:じゃまた |
| Jessi:See you next time. |
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