Learn how to make the affirmative and negative past tense of a verb
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Peter: Joking in Japanese - Do You Think This is Funny? In the previous lesson, you learned how to combine 2 or more verbs using the te-form of a verb. |
| Naomi: ใใใงใใญใRight. Such asใๆฉใ้ฃในใฆ่กใใพใใใ |
| Peter: Let's eat quickly and go! In this lesson, you'll learn how to describe past actions in informal speech.ใThis conversation takes place at |
| Naomi: ๅคฉใทใใ |
| Peter: A tempura restaurant. The conversation is between... |
| Naomi: ใขใทใฅใชใผใใใจใ่ฑ็ฐไธ้ใใ |
| Peter: Ashely and Ichiro Toyota. Ashley is telling Ichiro what she did during her stay in Japan. The formality level of the conversation is... |
| Naomi: Ashley is using formal Japanese, and Ichiro is using informal Japanese. |
| Peter: Please reference Appendix 5 for information on time duration. |
| DIALOGUE |
| ่ฑ็ฐไธ้:ใใใใใขใทใฅใชใผใใใๅพ ใฃใ๏ผ |
| ใขใทใฅใชใผ:ใใใ็งใไป็ใใพใใใ |
| ่ฑ็ฐไธ้:ใใใใใใใๅบใ ใญใ |
| :ใฉใใใฆใ็ฅใฃใฆใใใฎ? |
| ใขใทใฅใชใผ:ๅ ็ทใงใใ |
| :ใฟใฏใทใผใฎ้่ปขๆใใใใ่ใใพใใใ |
| ่ฑ็ฐไธ้:ใงใๆฅๅ ใฏใฉใใ ใฃใใ |
| ใขใทใฅใชใผ:ใใใฃใใงใใใ |
| :ไบๆฅ้ใใผใ ในใใคใใพใใใ |
| :ใใใใใๆฅๅ ใฎใๅ็ฃใงใใ |
| ่ฑ็ฐไธ้:ใ๏ผใใใใจใใใใใใใชใใ |
| :ใธใผใๆฑ็ งๅฎฎใซ่กใฃใใฎ๏ผ |
| ใขใทใฅใชใผ:ใฏใใใจใฆใ็ซๆดพใงใใณใฃใใใใพใใใ |
| :ใใใใใ่ฏๅณใฎๆปใซ่กใฃใใใๆฃๆญฉใใใใใใผใใซไนใฃใใใใพใใใ |
| :ๆฌๅฝใซๆฅฝใใใฃใใงใใ |
| ่ฑ็ฐไธ้:ไปใซใๆฅๆฌใงไฝใใใใฎ๏ผ |
| ใขใทใฅใชใผ:ไผ็คพใฎไบบใจๅฑ ้ ๅฑใซ่กใฃใใใ่ฑ็ซใ่ฆใใใใพใใใ |
| ่ฑ็ฐไธ้:ใใใชใใปใปใปใไปๅนดใๅใ่ฑ็ซ่ฆใชใใฃใใใใใ |
| :ใงใใใคใพใงๆฅๆฌใซใใใฎใ |
| ใขใทใฅใชใผ:ใใจใไธ้ฑ้ใงใใ |
| :ๆๆฅใไผ็คพใซ่กใฃใฆใๅใใพใใ |
| :ๆๆๆฅใใๆจๆๆฅใพใงใๅๆฅ้ไปไบใใใพใใ |
| :ใใใใใไธๆฅ้ใๅฏๅฃซๅฑฑใซ่กใฃใใใ็ฏๅฐใซ่กใฃใใใ่ฒทใ็ฉใใใใใใพใใ |
| ่ฑ็ฐไธ้:ใใใใใขใทใฅใชใผใใใๅพ ใฃใ๏ผ |
| Peter: Sorry Ashley, did you wait long? |
| ใขใทใฅใชใผ:ใใใ็งใไป็ใใพใใใ |
| Peter: No, I just got here myself. |
| ่ฑ็ฐไธ้:ใใใใใใใๅบใ ใญใ |
| Peter: This is a great restaurant. |
| :ใฉใใใฆใ็ฅใฃใฆใใใฎ? |
| Peter: How do you know about it? |
| ใขใทใฅใชใผ:ๅ ็ทใงใใ |
| Peter: It's a secret. |
| :ใฟใฏใทใผใฎ้่ปขๆใใใใ่ใใพใใใ |
| Peter: I heard about it from a taxi driver. |
| ่ฑ็ฐไธ้:ใงใๆฅๅ ใฏใฉใใ ใฃใใ |
| Peter: So, how was Nikko? |
| ใขใทใฅใชใผ:ใใใฃใใงใใใ |
| Peter: It was great! |
| :ไบๆฅ้ใใผใ ในใใคใใพใใใ |
| Peter: I did a homestay for two days. |
| :ใใใใใๆฅๅ ใฎใๅ็ฃใงใใ |
| Peter: Oh, here's a gift from Nikko. |
| ่ฑ็ฐไธ้:ใ๏ผใใใใจใใใใใใใชใใ |
| Peter: Oh? Thanks! I'm so happy. |
| :ใธใผใๆฑ็ งๅฎฎใซ่กใฃใใฎ๏ผ |
| Peter: Oh, you went to Toshogu? |
| ใขใทใฅใชใผ:ใฏใใใจใฆใ็ซๆดพใงใใณใฃใใใใพใใใ |
| Peter: Yes, it was really magnificent, I was surprised! |
| :ใใใใใ่ฏๅณใฎๆปใซ่กใฃใใใๆฃๆญฉใใใใใใผใใซไนใฃใใใใพใใใ |
| Peter: And then I went to the Kegon Waterfall, took a walk, rode in a boat, and more. |
| :ๆฌๅฝใซๆฅฝใใใฃใใงใใ |
| Peter: It was really fun. |
| ่ฑ็ฐไธ้:ไปใซใๆฅๆฌใงไฝใใใใฎ๏ผ |
| Peter: What else have you done in Japan? |
| ใขใทใฅใชใผ:ไผ็คพใฎไบบใจๅฑ ้ ๅฑใซ่กใฃใใใ่ฑ็ซใ่ฆใใใใพใใใ |
| Peter: I went to an izakaya with my coworkers, saw fireworks, and so on. |
| ่ฑ็ฐไธ้:ใใใชใใปใปใปใไปๅนดใๅใ่ฑ็ซ่ฆใชใใฃใใใใใ |
| Peter: How nice...I didn't see any fireworks this year. |
| :ใงใใใคใพใงๆฅๆฌใซใใใฎใ |
| Peter: So, until when are you in Japan? |
| ใขใทใฅใชใผ:ใใจใไธ้ฑ้ใงใใ |
| Peter: I have one more week. |
| :ๆๆฅใไผ็คพใซ่กใฃใฆใๅใใพใใ |
| Peter: Tomorrow I'm going to the office to work. |
| :ๆๆๆฅใใๆจๆๆฅใพใงใๅๆฅ้ไปไบใใใพใใ |
| Peter: I'll be working for four days from Monday to Thursday. |
| :ใใใใใไธๆฅ้ใๅฏๅฃซๅฑฑใซ่กใฃใใใ็ฏๅฐใซ่กใฃใใใ่ฒทใ็ฉใใใใใใพใใ |
| Peter: And then, for three days I'm going to go to Mt. Fuji, going to Tsukiji, and going shopping and stuff. |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Peter: So Ashley took Ichiro to the tempura restaurant that the taxi driver recommended to her in lesson12? |
| Naomi: Right. Ashley said ใฟใฏใทใผใฎ้่ปขๆใใใใ่ใใพใใใ( I heard about it from a taxi driver.) This is actually a really good way to choose a restaurant, because taxi drivers know a lot of good restaurants. |
| Peter: So what would be a good way to ask them about good restaurants? |
| Naomi: Well....่ฟใใซใใใใฌในใใฉใณใใใพใใ๏ผ Are there any good restaurants near here? ใใใๅบ็ฅใฃใฆใใพใใใ Do you know of any good restaurants? |
| Peter: Or ...ใใใใใฎใๅบใใใพใใ? "Are there any restaurants that you recommend?" Something along these lines.OMISE in this case mean restaurant. OMISE is usually shop or store. |
| Naomi: ๅฑใas in ๅคฉใทใๅฑใor ๅฑ ้ ๅฑ mean "shop" or "store" but you can not use ๅฑใby itself.If you want to say "Shop or store", say "ๅบ"or "ใๅบ". |
| Peter: I'd like to introduce the word IZAKAYA. An IZAKAYA is a type of Japanese drinking establishment that also serves food along with the drinks. The food is usually more substantial than that offered in other types of drinking establishments, such as bars. |
| Naomi: If you're a minor, you can't get in of course. There are some high-end ๅฑ ้ ๅฑ, but regular ๅฑ ้ ๅฑ are relatively cheap and casual. |
| Peter: Some of the cheap ones are called ใใใใใand ใใใฟ. |
| Naomi: ใใผใฟใผใใใฏๅฑ ้ ๅฑ่กใใพใใใ |
| Peter: ( answer &advice) |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Peter Let's take a look at the vocabulary for this lesson. |
| Naomi ใฉใใใฆ [natural native speed] |
| Peter why, how |
| Naomi ใฉใใใฆ [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Naomi ใฉใใใฆ [natural native speed] |
| Naomi ๅฌใใ [natural native speed] |
| Peter happy, glad, Adj(i) |
| Naomi ๅฌใใ [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Naomi ๅฌใใ [natural native speed] |
| Naomi ็ซๆดพ [natural native speed] |
| Peter splendid, magnificent ; Adj(na) |
| Naomi ็ซๆดพ [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Naomi ็ซๆดพ [natural native speed] |
| Naomi ใณใฃใใ [natural native speed] |
| Peter surprise |
| Naomi ใณใฃใใ [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Naomi ใณใฃใใ [natural native speed] |
| Naomi ใใ [natural native speed] |
| Peter good, nice, pleasant, fine; Adj(i) |
| Naomi ใใ [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Naomi ใใ [natural native speed] |
| Naomi ๅ็ฃ [natural native speed] |
| Peter souvenir, present |
| Naomi ๅ็ฃ [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Naomi ๅ็ฃ [natural native speed] |
| VOCAB AND PHRASE USAGE |
| Peter Let's have a closer look at the usage for some of the words and phrases from this lesson. |
| Naomi: ็ฅใ |
| Peter: To know. However, if you want to say "I know something" you have to change this to present progressive form. In lesson 24, you learned that [Te-form of a verb]๏ผ[iru] represents a present progressive action or current state. However there are some verbs that are commonly used in the -TEIRU form. Shiru is one of them. So to say "I know that,"ใyou have to change the SHIRU to its te form SHITTE, and then add IRU. |
| Naomi: ใใใ็ฅใฃใฆใใใ |
| Peter: I know that. In the dialogue, Ichiro said, |
| Naomi: ใฉใใใฆใ็ฅใฃใฆใใใฎ๏ผ |
| Peter: Why do you know? Why do you know this place? Let's break it down. |
| Naomi&Peter: ใฉใใใฆ why ใใฃใฆใใ you know ใฎ "no" here indicates colloquial question. So literally, why you know? of course it means why do you know? |
| Peter: Before, we learned that ใฎ indicates possession. However, ใฎ at the end of the sentence indicates a question. |
| Naomi: In the dialogue,ๆฑ็ งๅฎฎใซ่กใฃใใฎ๏ผ |
| Peter: you went to Toshogu? TOUSHOUGUUNI ITTA means "You went to TOSHOUGUU" and "NO" here indicates a question. |
| Naomi: We also have...ไปใซๆฅๆฌใงไฝใใใใฎ๏ผ |
| Peter: What else have you done in Japan?ใHOKANI means "else" NIHON DE means "in Japan" NANI "What " O "object marker" SHITA "did" NO "question" So all together it means "What else did you do in Japan?" ๆฌกใฏไฝใงใใ What's next? |
| Naomi: Duration of time. |
| Peter: Appendix lesson 5 is all about duration of time, so make sure that you reference that lesson. |
| In this lesson there were two types of counters used for time duration. |
| Naomi: Counter for days and counter for weeks. |
| Peter: Now the Counter for days is a bit hard. First, you should review lesson 5 and Appendix3 and go over how to say the days of the month. Then, what you do is take the date and add KAN, which means "while" or "period" after it. For example, how do you say the second as in the second of January? |
| Naomi: ใตใคใ |
| Peter: That's second, as in the second day of the month. To say "for two days", add "KAN" to it. |
| Naomi: ใตใคใใใ |
| Peter: For two days. |
| Naomi: ไธๆฅใis the third day of month. |
| Peter: So, to say "for three days," add "KAN" to it. |
| Naomi: ไธๆฅ้ |
| Peter: For three days. |
| Naomi: How about ๅๆฅ้ |
| Peter: YOKKA is the fourth day of month so...YOKKAKAN is "for four days" OK. Naomi-sensei. What's the counter for weeks? |
| Naomi: ้ฑ้ใ๏ผ๏ผ"Week" is ้ฑใ"Kan" is while or period. |
| Peter: So how do you say 1 week. |
| Naomi: ไธ้ฑ้ |
| Peter: How do you say 2 weeks? |
| Naomi: ไบ้ฑ้ |
| Peter: 3 weeks |
| Naomi: ไธ้ฑ้ |
| Peter: For more information, make sure to check out Appendix lesson5. |
Lesson focus |
|---|
| Peter: In this lesson you will learn 2 things. One, how to make the informal past tense of a verb. Second, how to express the concept of "and so on". |
| Naomi: OK. So let's learn how to talk about actions that happened in the action. |
| Peter: In this lesson, let's stick to informal speech. There's a write up about formal speech in the lesson notes so please make sure to check it out. In Lesson 23, we learned how to make the te-form of a verb. If you're already familiar with te-form, then creating the informal past tense of a verb is very simple. Basically, all you have to do is just replace the TE in the te-form to TA. That's it. Let's illustrate it with examples. |
| How do you say "To look" |
| Naomi: ่ฆใ |
| Peter: What's the corresponding te-form? |
| Naomi: ใฟใฆ |
| Peter: Change the final TE to TA. |
| Naomi: ใฟใ |
| Peter: looked. |
| Naomi: Sometimes the Informal past tense of a verb is called the ใ form. |
| Naomi: ็งใฏ่ฑ็ซใ่ฆใ |
| Peter: I saw fireworks. |
| Peter: Let's do some more examples. How do you say "To do"? |
| Naomi: ใใ |
| Peter: The te form is? |
| Naomi: ใใฆ |
| Peter: The informal past tense or TA form is? |
| Naomi: ใใ |
| Peter: "did" |
| Naomi: ็งใฏๆฃๆญฉใใใ |
| Peter: I took a walk.OK, another example. "To drink"is... |
| Naomi: ้ฃฒใ |
| Peter: The te from is? |
| Naomi: ้ฃฒใใง |
| Peter: Now, the te form of nomu actually ends in DE. In this case, change de(ใง) to da (ใ ) So the informal past tense or TA form is...? |
| Naomi: ้ฃฒใใ |
| Peter: I drank. |
| Naomi: ็งใฏใณใผใใผใ้ฃฒใใ ใ |
| Peter: I drank coffee. |
| Peter: Now let's take a look at the negative form. How do you say "I don't see fireworks" in informal speech? |
| Naomi: ่ฑ็ซใ่ฆใชใ |
| Peter: I don't see fireworks or I won't see fireworks. |
| To turn an informal negative verb into past tense, simply replace the final -i (ใ) with -katta (ใใฃใ). |
| Naomi: So ่ฆใชใ becomes ่ฆใชใใฃใใ่ฑ็ซใ่ฆใชใใฃใ |
| Peter: I didn't see fireworks. OK, more examples. How do you say "I don't take a walk" |
| Naomi: "To take a walk" is ๆฃๆญฉใใใand the negative form is ๆฃๆญฉใใชใใSo...็งใฏๆฃๆญฉใใชใ |
| Peter: I don't take a walk or I won't take a talk. To say that you didn't take a walk, replace the final ใใwith ใใฃใ |
| Naomi: ใใชใใbecomes ใใชใใฃใใso...็งใฏๆฃๆญฉใใใชใใฃใใ |
| Peter: OK. Let's move on to the next grammar point. |
| Naomi: Next, you'll learn how to say "And so on..." in Japanese. |
| Naomi: For example, ่ฑ็ซใ่ฆใใis "I saw fireworks" ๆฃๆญฉใใใ is "I took a walk" So, the phrase ่ฑ็ซใ่ฆใใๆฃๆญฉใใใใใใใmeans.... |
| Peter: I saw fireworks and took a walk and so on.... |
| Naomi: You can express and so on with [verb plus ใใ and verb plus ใใ and ใใ at the end.] |
| Peter: In the last lesson, we learned how to use join verbs to talk about multiple actions using the te-form |
| Naomi: ็งใฏ่ฒทใ็ฉใใใฆใฉใณใใ้ฃในใใ |
| Peter"I went shopping and ate lunch." Now this sentence implies that we only did two things, "went shopping", and "ate lunch." |
| Now, what if we want to convey the idea that we did these things and more, without really going into the details? To do this, we can use the -tari form. The -tari form is used to list an incomplete set of actions or states. We create this form by adding -ri to the end of the informal past form that we just learned. So all of the verbs of the sentence will be in the tari form, and then you need to add ใใ, the past tense form of the verb ใใ, at the end. |
| Naomi: ็งใฏ่ฒทใ็ฉใใใใใฉใณใใ้ฃในใใใใใ |
| Peter: "I went shopping, ate lunch, and so on. There's a detailed write up in the lesson notes so please make sure to check it out. |
| Peter: Let's recap this lesson with a quiz. The quiz will be multiple choice. We'll give a question and three possible answers. Your job is to guess the answer.OK. The first question. |
| Which of the following words is the informal past form of the verb nomu to drink? |
| Naomi: A๏ผ้ฃฒใฟใพใใใB)้ฃฒใใ C)้ฃฒใใง |
| Peter: The answer is |
| Naomi: B)้ฃฒใใ |
| Peter: A) NOMIMSAHITA is the formal past. C)NONDE is the te form. OK the second question. What's the counter for weeks? |
| Naomi: A)ใใใณใB)ใใคใC)้ฑ้ |
| Peter: The answer is |
| Naomi: C)้ฑ้ |
| Peter: A)YOUBI is used for 7days of a week. B)GATSU is used for month. |
Outro |
| Peter: OK. That concludes this lesson. In the next lesson, Ashely is going to book a sightseeing tour at a travel agency. You'll learn more durations of time. |
| Naomi: ใใใใพใ |
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Comments
HideLet us know if you have any questions.
Hi Z,
Thank you for taking the time to leave us a comment.
For that, you can take a look at this lesson below๐
https://www.japanesepod101.com/lesson/intermediate-questions-answered-by-hiroko-11-difference-between-shiru-and-wakaru/?lp=196
Looking forward to seeing you often here.
Cheers,
Ryoma
Team JapanesePod101.com
What's the difference between ็ฅใใๅใใ?
ใใใกในใใ
ใใใซใกใฏ๏ผ
ใณใกใณใใใใใจใใใใใพใใ
ใฏใใใใ can be also used for negative form๐
Your sentence means I donโt go shopping or eat lunch.
Hope you enjoy learning Japanese with us:)
Sincerely,
Miho
Team JapanesePod101.com
ใใใซใกใฏ,
When using the -ใใ form can we also use it for negative sentences?
EX: ็งใฏ่ฒทใ็ฉใใใใฉใณใใ้ฃในใใใใพใใ
Konnichiwa Gumi,
Thank you for your post.
ใ is a sentence ending particle which used by the speaker to express a strong conviction about something or to emphatically declare something.For example, there is a notable difference between the following sentences,
1)ไปๅนดใๅ(ใฏ)่ฑ็ซ(ใ)่ฆใชใใฃใใ - I didn't see any fireworks this year...
2)ไปๅนดใๅ(ใฏ)่ฑ็ซ(ใ)่ฆใชใใฃใใใ- I didn't see ANY fireworks this year!!
Check out this grammar point too: https://www.japanesepod101.com/learningcenter/reference/grammar/262?
Cheers,
Sono
Team JapanesePod101.com
Hi,
just a little doubt , what is the use of yo ใ in this sentence
I have seen it finishing many other informal sentences through the course.
ไปๅนดใๅ(ใฏ)่ฑ็ซ(ใ)่ฆใชใใฃใใใ