Learn how to create the passive form of Japanese verbs
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Naomi: なおみです。(Naomi desu.) |
| Kat: Kat here. A Japanese Proposal for your Consideration. In this lesson you'll learn how to make passive forms to say things like "My bike was stolen." Now, Naomi-sensei, where does this conversation take place? |
| Naomi: 会社 (kaisha) |
| Kat: At the office. |
| Naomi: 二人の同僚の会話です。モエさんとジョシュさんが話しています。(Futari no dōryō no kaiwa desu. Moe-san to Joshu-san ga hanashite imasu.) |
| Kat: The conversation is between two colleagues, Moe and Josh. |
| Naomi: モエさんはカジュアルに話しています。ジョシュさんは丁寧に話しています。(Moe-san wa kajuaru ni hanashite imasu. Joshu-san wa teinei ni hanashite imasu.) |
| Kat: Moe is speaking informal Japanese while Josh is speaking formal Japanese. |
| Naomi: では、聞いてみましょう。(Dewa, kiite mimashō.) |
| Kat: Let's listen to the conversation. |
| DIALOGUE |
| 森野 モエ (Morino Moe) : ♪ ♪ ♪ |
| ジョシュ (Joshu) : 機嫌がいいですね。どうしたんですか。(Kigen ga ii desu ne. Dō shita n desu ka.) |
| 森野 モエ (Morino Moe) : え？わかる？実は、彼にプロポーズされたの。(E? Wakaru? Jitsu wa, kare ni puropōzu sareta no.) |
| ジョシュ (Joshu) : へー。彼氏から 連絡あったんですね。(Hē. Kareshi kara renraku atta n desu ne.) |
| 森野 モエ (Morino Moe) : あー違う 違う。新しい彼。(Ā chigau chigau. Atarashii kare.) |
| : 先月、課長に小説家を紹介されたの。(Sengetsu, kachō ni shōsetsuka o shōkai sareta no.) |
| ジョシュ (Joshu) : はい。(Hai.) |
| 森野 モエ (Morino Moe) : 次の週、彼のうちのパーティーに招待されたの。(Tsugi no shū, kare no uchi no pātī ni shōtai sareta no.) |
| ジョシュ (Joshu) : ええ。それで？(Ee. Sorede?) |
| 森野 モエ (Morino Moe) : で、昨日プロポーズされたの。(De, kinō puropōzu sareta no.) |
| ジョシュ (Joshu) : はい？(Hai?) |
| 森野 モエ (Morino Moe) : 彼の新しい小説、来週出版されるから、買ってね。(Kare no atarashii shōsetsu, raishū shuppan sareru kara, katte ne.) |
| : 彼、みんなに尊敬されているんだ。すごいでしょ。(Kare, minna ni sonkei sarete iru n da. Sugoi desho.) |
| ジョシュ (Joshu) : へー。何ていう小説家ですか？(Hē. Nante iu shōsetsuka desu ka?) |
| 森野 モエ (Morino Moe) : 夏目ゴロウ。(Natsume Gorō.) |
| Naomi: もう一度、会話を聞いてください。今度はゆっくり話します。(Mō ichi-do, kaiwa o kiite kudasai. Kondo wa yukkuri hanashimasu.) |
| ジョシュ (Joshu) : 機嫌がいいですね。どうしたんですか。(Kigen ga ii desu ne. Dō shita n desu ka.) |
| 森野 モエ (Morino Moe) : え？わかる？実は、彼にプロポーズされたの。(E? Wakaru? Jitsu wa, kare ni puropōzu sareta no.) |
| ジョシュ (Joshu) : へー。彼氏から 連絡あったんですね。(Hē. Kareshi kara renraku atta n desu ne.) |
| 森野 モエ (Morino Moe) : あー違う 違う。新しい彼。(Ā chigau chigau. Atarashii kare.) |
| : 先月、課長に小説家を紹介されたの。(Sengetsu, kachō ni shōsetsuka o shōkai sareta no.) |
| ジョシュ (Joshu) : はい。(Hai.) |
| 森野 モエ (Morino Moe) : 次の週、彼のうちのパーティーに招待されたの。(Tsugi no shū, kare no uchi no pātī ni shōtai sareta no.) |
| ジョシュ (Joshu) : ええ。それで？(Ee. Sorede?) |
| 森野 モエ (Morino Moe) : で、昨日プロポーズされたの。(De, kinō puropōzu sareta no.) |
| ジョシュ (Joshu) : はい？(Hai?) |
| 森野 モエ (Morino Moe) : 彼の新しい小説、来週出版されるから、買ってね。(Kare no atarashii shōsetsu, raishū shuppan sareru kara, katte ne.) |
| : 彼、みんなに尊敬されているんだ。すごいでしょ。(Kare, minna ni sonkei sarete iru n da. Sugoi desho.) |
| ジョシュ (Joshu) : へー。何ていう小説家ですか？(Hē. Nante iu shōsetsuka desu ka?) |
| 森野 モエ (Morino Moe) : 夏目ゴロウ。(Natsume Gorō.) |
| Naomi: 今度は、英語の訳と一緒に聞いてみましょう。(Kondo wa, Eigo no yaku to issho ni kiite mimashō.) |
| ジョシュ (Joshu) : 機嫌がいいですね。どうしたんですか。(Kigen ga ii desu ne. Dō shita n desu ka.) |
| Kat: You're in a good mood, aren't you? What's up? |
| 森野 モエ (Morino Moe) : え？わかる？(E? Wakaru?) |
| Kat: Huh? You noticed? |
| : 実は、彼にプロポーズされたの。 (Jitsu wa, kare ni puropōzu sareta no.) |
| Kat: The truth is, I was proposed to by my boyfriend. |
| ジョシュ (Joshu) : へー。彼氏から 連絡あったんですね。(Hē. Kareshi kara renraku atta n desu ne.) |
| Kat: Wow... So your boyfriend got in touch with you, then. |
| 森野 モエ (Morino Moe) : あー違う 違う。新しい彼。(Ā chigau chigau. Atarashii kare.) |
| Kat: No, no. This is a new boyfriend. |
| : 先月、課長に小説家を紹介されたの。(Sengetsu, kachō ni shōsetsuka o shōkai sareta no.) |
| Kat: Last month, I was introduced to a novelist by the section chief. |
| ジョシュ (Joshu) : はい。(Hai.) |
| Kat: Uh huh? |
| 森野 モエ (Morino Moe) : 次の週、彼のうちのパーティーに招待されたの。(Tsugi no shū, kare no uchi no pātī ni shōtai sareta no.) |
| Kat: And then, next week, I was invited to a party at his house. |
| ジョシュ (Joshu) : ええ。それで？(Ee. Sorede?) |
| Kat: Right. And then? |
| 森野 モエ (Morino Moe) : で、昨日プロポーズされたの。(De, kinō puropōzu sareta no.) |
| Kat: And then, yesterday I was proposed to. |
| ジョシュ (Joshu) : はい？(Hai?) |
| Kat: What? |
| 森野 モエ (Morino Moe) : 彼の新しい小説、来週出版されるから、買ってね。(Kare no atarashii shōsetsu, raishū shuppan sareru kara, katte ne.) |
| Kat: His new novel is published next week, so buy it, OK? |
| : 彼、みんなに尊敬されているんだ。すごいでしょ。(Kare, minna ni sonkei sarete iru n da. Sugoi desho.) |
| Kat: He's respected by everyone. Amazing, right? |
| ジョシュ (Joshu) : へー。何ていう小説家ですか？(Hē. Nante iu shōsetsuka desu ka?) |
| Kat: Wow... What's the name of this novelist? |
| 森野 モエ (Morino Moe) : 夏目ゴロウ。(Natsume Gorō.) |
| Kat: Gorō Natsume. |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Kat: すごい・・・。モエさんよかったですね。幸せそうですね。(Sugoi… Moe-san yokatta desu ne. Shiawasesō desu ne.) |
| Naomi: ねぇ、本当。(Nee, hontō.) |
| Kat: Wow… I'm happy for Moe, aren't you? She seems really happy. |
| Naomi: でも、早いですよね～。(Demo, hayai desu yo nē.) |
| Kat: うん、確かに。(Un, tashika ni.) |
| Naomi: 先月会った人と結婚するんですよね。(Sengetsu atta hito to kekkon suru n desu yo ne.) |
| Kat: Um, I suppose so... it's pretty hasty to marry someone she only met last month! でも､「一目ぼれ」ってあるんじゃないですか？(Demo, “hitomebore” tte aru n ja nai desu ka?) There is such a thing as "love at first sight", isn't there? Do you believe in 一目ぼれ (hitomebore), Naomi-sensei?? |
| Naomi: うーん、一目ぼれ？うーん…あまり、信じないかなぁ。(Ūn, hitomebore? Ūn… amari, shinjinai ka nā.) |
| Kat: 悲しい。(Kanashii.) That’s so sad. |
| Naomi: 性格のほうが大切かもしれない。(Seikaku no hō ga taisetsu kamo shirenai.) |
| Kat: あー、そうですね。(Ā, sō desu ne.) So personality is more important than falling in love at first sight. |
| Naomi: ところでモエさんは「プロポーズされた」って言いましたけど、日本語のプロポーズと英語のpropose、意味が違いますよね。(Tokorode Moe-san wa “puropōzu sareta” tte iimashita kedo, Nihon-go no puropōzu to Eigo no “propose”, imi ga chigaimasu yo ne.) |
| Kat: Um, that’s actually really a good point. In English too we of course say "propose" for marriage, as in "He proposed to her", but we can also use "propose" in the sense of "suggest", as in "She proposed a new business model". In Japanese, however プロポーズ (puropōzu) is used only for a marriage proposal. There is no other meaning for it. So be careful! |
| Naomi: リスナーの皆さんは一目ぼれをしたことがありますか。教えてください。(Risunā no mina-san wa hitomebore o shita koto ga arimasu ka. Oshiete kudasai.) |
| Kat: Listeners, have any of you fallen in love at first sight? Please let us know by comments. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Kat: OK so now, let's take a look at the vocabulary for this lesson. |
| And the first word we are going to look at is: |
| Naomi: 機嫌 (kigen) [natural native speed] |
| Kat: temper, mood |
| Naomi: 機嫌 (kigen) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Naomi: 機嫌 (kigen) [natural native speed] |
| Kat: And next: |
| Naomi: プロポーズ (puropōzu) [natural native speed] |
| Kat: marriage proposal |
| Naomi: プロポーズ (puropōzu) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Naomi: プロポーズ (puropōzu) [natural native speed] |
| Kat: And next: |
| Naomi: 連絡 (renraku) [natural native speed] |
| Kat: contact |
| Naomi: 連絡 (renraku) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Naomi: 連絡 (renraku) [natural native speed] |
| Kat: And next: |
| Naomi: 出版 (shuppan) [natural native speed] |
| Kat: publication |
| Naomi: 出版 (shuppan) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Naomi: 出版 (shuppan) [natural native speed] |
| Kat: And finally: |
| Naomi: 尊敬 (sonkei) [natural native speed] |
| Kat: respect, esteem |
| Naomi: 尊敬 (sonkei) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Naomi: 尊敬 (sonkei) [natural native speed] |
| VOCAB AND PHRASE USAGE |
| Kat: OK. So now let's have a bit closer look at the usage for some of the words and phrases from this lesson. And what are we going to look at first? |
| Naomi: 機嫌がいい (kigen ga ii) |
| Kat: “in a good mood”. 機嫌 (kigen) means mood. And what's the opposite phrase of “in a good mood”? |
| Naomi: 機嫌が悪い (kigen ga warui) |
| Kat: “in a bad mood”. Can we have a sample sentence using that please? |
| Naomi: はい。今日、キャットさんは機嫌がいい。(Hai. Kyō, Kyatto-san wa kigen ga ii.) |
| Kat: "Today, Kat is in a good mood." |
| Naomi: 機嫌がいいですか。(Kigen ga ii desu ka.) |
| Kat: いいえ。機嫌がとっても悪いから、気をつけたほうがいいですよ。(Iie. Kigen ga tottemo warui kara, ki o tsuketa hō ga ii desu yo.) I'm in a terrible mood, so you'd better watch out! 冗談でーす。(Jōdan dēsu.) |
| Naomi: よかった！(Yokatta!) |
| Kat: Just kidding! Everyone! |
| Naomi: 冗談ね。あーよかった。(Jōdan ne. Ā yokatta.) |
| Kat: 怖かったかな。(Kowakatta ka na.) Was it scary? |
| Naomi: じゃあ、次行きましょう。(Jā, tsugi ikimashō.) |
| Kat: Next, [noun] plus する (suru). When する (suru) or をする (o suru) follows certain nouns, the noun then becomes a verb. Can we hear some examples? |
| Naomi: 連絡 (renraku) |
| Kat: This is a noun that means "contact" or "communication", as in email, phone, etc. It’s really useful. We use this all the time. How do you say the verb "to contact"? |
| Naomi: 連絡する (renraku suru) |
| Kat: “to contact someone” Let's do some more. |
| Naomi: 紹介 (shōkai) |
| Kat: This is a noun that means "introduction". And so the verb "to introduce" is? |
| Naomi: 紹介する (shōkai suru) |
| Kat: “to introduce someone” |
| Naomi: Here's another one, 出版 (shuppan). |
| Kat: This means "publication" of a book or journal or something like that. Be careful, there's a small つ (tsu), or a stop sound in the middle. Can we hear it one more time? |
| Naomi: しゅっぱん (shuppan), 出版 (shuppan) |
| Kat: しゅっぱん (shuppan) |
| Naomi: Right. And 出版する (shuppan suru) is? |
| Kat: "to publish" |
| Naomi: そうです。(Sō desu.) |
| Kat: Let's do one more. |
| Naomi: 尊敬 (sonkei) |
| Kat: It's a noun meaning "respect". It ends in a long E sound. Like けー (kē). |
| Naomi: そうです。尊敬。(Sō desu. Sonkē.) |
| Kat: そんけー。(Sonkē.) So then, how do you say "to respect"? |
| Naomi: 尊敬する (sonkei suru) |
Lesson focus |
|---|
| Kat: The focus of this lesson is passive sentences. |
| Naomi: Passive ってなんですか。(”Passive” tte nan desu ka.) What's the passive, by the way? |
| Kat: The passive voice focuses on the action in a sentence as opposed to the doer of the action. For example,“was stabbed” in "Caesar was stabbed by Brutus” and “was destroyed” in “the building was destroyed by the earthquake” are passive voices. |
| In this lesson, you'll learn how to say those in Japanese. |
| Naomi: You need to know how to form the passive form of a verb in order to make a passive sentence. |
| Kat: OK. In this audio portion let's just focus on the passive form of Class 2 verbs and Class 3 verbs. |
| Naomi: 最初にクラス２を勉強しましょう。(Saisho ni kurasu ni o benkyō shimashō.) Let's start with Class 2. |
| Kat: For class 2 verbs, drop the final る (ru) and add られる (rareru). Now how do you say "to see"? |
| Naomi: 見る (miru) |
| Kat: Drop the る (ru). |
| Naomi: 見 (mi) |
| Kat: Add られる (rareru). |
| Naomi: 見られる (mirareru) |
| Kat: "to be seen". How do you say "to eat"? |
| Naomi: 食べる (taberu) |
| Kat: Drop る (ru). |
| Naomi: 食べ (tabe) |
| Kat: Add られる (rareru). |
| Naomi: 食べられる (taberareru) |
| Kat: "to be eaten" |
| Naomi: Here's a sample sentence. おばあさんはおおかみに食べられた。(O-bā-san wa ōkami ni taberareta.) |
| Kat: What??? That’s a terrible sample sentence! “A grandma was eaten by a wolf?” なおみ先生、ひどーい！！(Naomi-sensei, hidōi!!) Naomi-sensei, you’re horrible! |
| Naomi: You know a famous story あかずきんちゃん(Akazukin-chan), right? |
| Kat: Ah....あかずきんちゃん (Akazukin-chan)! Little Red Riding Hood. (laugh) Yes yes, her grandma was eaten by a wolf, yes I know. Listeners, did you notice the おおかみ (ōkami), wolf was marked by に (ni)? In the passive sentence in Japanese, the performer of the action is marked by the particle に (ni). OK. Listeners, listen and repeat. |
| Naomi: おばあさんはおおかみに食べられた。(O-bā-san wa ōkami ni taberareta.) |
| Kat: (pause) Listeners, say "The grandma was eaten by the wolf." |
| Naomi: (pause) おばあさんはおおかみに食べられた。(O-bā-san wa ōkami ni taberareta.) |
| Kat: OK so next, let's learn the passive form of class 3 verbs. Since they are irregular you just have to memorize them. But luckily, there's only two of them! |
| Naomi: Right. する (suru) |
| Kat: "to do" |
| Naomi: becomes される (sareru). 来る (kuru) |
| Kat: "to come" |
| Naomi: becomes 来られる (korareru) |
| Kat: So する (suru) becomes される (sareru) and 来る (kuru) becomes 来られる (korareru). |
| Naomi: Right. する-される (suru - sareru), 来る-来られる (kuru - korareru). |
| Kat: OK, so now let's make a passive sentence meaning "Moe was proposed marriage by Goro". First of all, how do you say "to propose marriage" or "to make a marriage proposal"? |
| Naomi: プロポーズする (puropōzu suru) |
| Kat: And the passive form is? |
| Naomi: プロポーズされる (puropōzu sareru) |
| Kat: And the subject of this sentence is Moe so let’s mark the subject with particle は (wa). |
| Naomi: モエはプロポーズされる (Moe wa puropōzu sareru) |
| Kat: The person who actually makes the proposal here is Goro. So mark the performer of the action with に (ni). |
| Naomi: モエはゴロウにプロポーズされる。(Moe wa Gorō ni puropōzu sareru.) |
| Kat: Then change this sentence into the past tense. |
| Naomi: モエはゴロウにプロポーズされた。(Moe wa Gorō ni puropōzu sareta.) |
| Kat: OK. Listeners, listen and repeat. |
| Naomi: モエはゴロウにプロポーズされた。(Moe wa Gorō ni puropōzu sareta.) |
| Kat: (pause) Listeners, say "Moe was proposed marriage by Goro." |
| Naomi: (pause) モエはゴロウにプロポーズされた。(Moe wa Gorō ni puropōzu sareta.) |
| Kat: Whew, that was a long lesson. |
| Naomi: ねぇ！(Nee!) Yes. A lot of things to memorize. がんばってくださいね。(Ganbatte kudasai ne.) Try your best and good luck! |
| Kat: Make sure to read the lesson notes, and you can also find practice questions there. Go to JapanesePod101.com to download the lesson notes for more information. |
| Naomi: じゃ、また。(Ja, mata.) |
| Kat: それじゃーね！(Sorejā ne!) Bye bye! |
Outro |
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Comments
Hideみなさん、最近どこかに招待されましたか？ Have you been invited anywhere lately? If so, let us know using a passive sentence! If not, try making a passive sentence with a different verb ;)!
Hi Linnea,
Thank you for your practice sentences.👍 Here is a little correction for you. Please take a look:
友達に「内緒を言わないでね」と頼まれました。>> 友だちに「内緒(or 秘密)にしてね」と頼まれました。
Feel free to let us know if you have any questions.
Cheers,
Yoshimi
Team JapanesePod101.com
母に写真を撮られました。😠
好きな人に振られたら、学校を一週間休みます。
友達に「内緒を言わないでね」と頼まれました。
Hello Kevin Fortnum san,
Thank you for your question.
As you said, the context helps to see which form is the sentence, but we can also distinguish by which particle is used before the verb. In the passive sentence, the particle “に” is used with the performer of the action. And for the potential form, the particle “を” or “が” is used before the verb.
Hope this helps.
Sincerely,
Yoshimi
Team JapanesePod101.com
ラニアさん
質問（しつもん）ありがとうございます😄
Nope, for volitional, you drop the る and add よう; for example, 食べる becomes 食べよう and 見る become 見よう. For passive, yes. You drop the る and られる.
-----
もう、質問がある。
After the description in the lesson notes, i.e.
[Class 2 verb: Drop the final -ru and add -rareru],
the passive and potential form of Class 2 verbs result in the same way of formation🤔
これ、ちょっと紛らわしいですが・・・😨😰😓
Does that mean you can only tell which tense was used by context?
Or am I getting something totally wrong? 😳🙄🙃
手伝って下さい!😿
ラニアさん
質問（しつもん）ありがとうございます😄
Nope, for volitional, you drop the る and add よう; for example, 食べる becomes 食べよう and 見る become 見よう. For passive, yes. You drop the る and られる.
Smeさん
コメントありがとうございます😄
*初めてこのコメントセクションを使います
*子供は先生に罰せされた
*日本語で文を書くのはとても悪いけど少し書いてみた
他の文は合っていますよ！
Please let us know if you have any questions :)
Sincerely
Ryoma
Team JapanesePod101.com
初回にこのコメントセクションを使ります
このラーメンは娘に作られた
子供は先生に罰された
皿は父に壊された
日本で文を書くのでとても悪いのに少し書いてみられた
first time using this comment section
Kids were punished by the teacher
the plate was broken by my father
even though I'm really bad at writing sentences in Japanese, I tried to write some
Let me know if I can improve those, Thanks
Can you please help us understand how to differentiate the Volitional versus Passive forms of class 2 verbs; in both, we drop the る and add られる？
Randy Mayesさん
コメントありがとうございます😄
I'm so sorry for the error. It's fixed now👍
Please let us know if you have any question :)
Sincerely
Ryoma
Team JapanesePod101.com
There is an English mistake in this lesson. "He proposed to me" is not in the passive voice. "I was proposed to," is passive.
訂正をありがとうございます、みき先生。
Hi Ems,
Thank you for the comment! Great Japanese sentences as always! Keep up the good work. 😄
建物は竜巻に壊れられちゃったんです。
> 建物は竜巻に壊されちゃったんです。壊す ->壊される
As for your question about "Caesar was stabbed by a person called Brutus."
シーザーはブルータスという人に刺されました。
Hope this helps.
Miki H
Team JapanesePod101.com
クッキーは子供たちに全部食べられた。
建物は竜巻に壊れられちゃったんです。
床は掃除機を持っているメイドに掃除されてます。
All the cookies were eaten by the children.
The building was completely destroyed by the tornado.
The floor is being cleaned by the maid who has a vacuum cleaner.
一つ質問があります。
Can you use passive verbs in relative clauses? Such as:
カエサルは刺されたブルータスという人です。
Caesar was stabbed by a person called Brutus?
Hi Mardi,
Thank you for the comment! Sorry for our late reply.
Great sentences! The first and the second passive sentences are perfect.
The third one, まどはトムくんにしめれれている。This passive sentence won't work well.
まどはトムによってしめられた。（窓はトムによって閉められた。) is much better.
Keep up the good work!
Miki H
Team JapanesePod101.com
今日は！ ?
校長先生は学生のみんなにそんけいされている。
the principal is respected by all of the students.
私はけんくんにびじゅつかんをあんないされている。
I am being guided by Ken around the art gallery.
まどはトムくんにしめれれている。
the windows are being closed by Tom (does this work??)
こんにちは、バレリンさん
コメントありがとうございます！
We usually read "bachata" as バチャータ in Japanese.
You can say "私のダンスインストラクターにバチャータをおそわった。"
Keep studying with JapanesePod101.com
Cheers,
Miki(美希)
Team JapanesePod101.com
私のダンスインストラクターにバチャタをおしいえられた。
Hi Robert,
Thank you for your comment! Your sentences make sense, however there is a minor error in the second that I would like to address. Although 'この文章は私に書かれました。' is the most direct and straight translation of 'This sentence was written by me.’, it does not make grammatical sense in Japanese. A better and more appropriate way of writing this would be 'この文章は私が書きました。 (Kono bunshō wa watashi ga kakimashita)'.
We wish you the best of luck with your further studies. これからも日本語の勉強を頑張って下さい。
Piers
Team JapaesePod101.com
こんにちは、皆さん。?
建物は地震に壊されました。
The building was destroyed by the earthquake.
この文章は私に書かれました。
This sentence was written by me.
タイムマシーンは猫と犬に使われた。
The time machine was used by the cat and dog.
Kamal san,
こんにちは。:smile:
Google translation is correct in your case.
I think native Japanese speaker who can understand English can get the meaning from what you said.
However, others completely do not.
Yuki 由紀
JapanesePod101.com
こんにちは、
If プロポーズ is only used for marriage term, what is proposal for other terms, for example "business proposal" or "research proposal"? Google translate give me ビジネスの提案 and 調査企画書.
私は「研究のプロポーズ」と言って、日本人の友達は直しませんでした。友達は分かったと思うかもしれませんね。
When I said 研究のプロポーズ, my Japanese friend didn't correct me. Probably because he already knew what I mean.