Learn how to create the passive form of Japanese verbs
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Naomi: なおみです。(Naomi desu.) |
| Kat: Kat here. A Japanese Proposal for your Consideration. In this lesson you'll learn how to make passive forms to say things like "My bike was stolen." Now, Naomi-sensei, where does this conversation take place? |
| Naomi: 会社 (kaisha) |
| Kat: At the office. |
| Naomi: 二人の同僚の会話です。モエさんとジョシュさんが話しています。(Futari no dōryō no kaiwa desu. Moe-san to Joshu-san ga hanashite imasu.) |
| Kat: The conversation is between two colleagues, Moe and Josh. |
| Naomi: モエさんはカジュアルに話しています。ジョシュさんは丁寧に話しています。(Moe-san wa kajuaru ni hanashite imasu. Joshu-san wa teinei ni hanashite imasu.) |
| Kat: Moe is speaking informal Japanese while Josh is speaking formal Japanese. |
| Naomi: では、聞いてみましょう。(Dewa, kiite mimashō.) |
| Kat: Let's listen to the conversation. |
| DIALOGUE |
| 森野 モエ (Morino Moe) : ♪ ♪ ♪ |
| ジョシュ (Joshu) : 機嫌がいいですね。どうしたんですか。(Kigen ga ii desu ne. Dō shita n desu ka.) |
| 森野 モエ (Morino Moe) : え？わかる？実は、彼にプロポーズされたの。(E? Wakaru? Jitsu wa, kare ni puropōzu sareta no.) |
| ジョシュ (Joshu) : へー。彼氏から 連絡あったんですね。(Hē. Kareshi kara renraku atta n desu ne.) |
| 森野 モエ (Morino Moe) : あー違う 違う。新しい彼。(Ā chigau chigau. Atarashii kare.) |
| : 先月、課長に小説家を紹介されたの。(Sengetsu, kachō ni shōsetsuka o shōkai sareta no.) |
| ジョシュ (Joshu) : はい。(Hai.) |
| 森野 モエ (Morino Moe) : 次の週、彼のうちのパーティーに招待されたの。(Tsugi no shū, kare no uchi no pātī ni shōtai sareta no.) |
| ジョシュ (Joshu) : ええ。それで？(Ee. Sorede?) |
| 森野 モエ (Morino Moe) : で、昨日プロポーズされたの。(De, kinō puropōzu sareta no.) |
| ジョシュ (Joshu) : はい？(Hai?) |
| 森野 モエ (Morino Moe) : 彼の新しい小説、来週出版されるから、買ってね。(Kare no atarashii shōsetsu, raishū shuppan sareru kara, katte ne.) |
| : 彼、みんなに尊敬されているんだ。すごいでしょ。(Kare, minna ni sonkei sarete iru n da. Sugoi desho.) |
| ジョシュ (Joshu) : へー。何ていう小説家ですか？(Hē. Nante iu shōsetsuka desu ka?) |
| 森野 モエ (Morino Moe) : 夏目ゴロウ。(Natsume Gorō.) |
| Naomi: もう一度、会話を聞いてください。今度はゆっくり話します。(Mō ichi-do, kaiwa o kiite kudasai. Kondo wa yukkuri hanashimasu.) |
| ジョシュ (Joshu) : 機嫌がいいですね。どうしたんですか。(Kigen ga ii desu ne. Dō shita n desu ka.) |
| 森野 モエ (Morino Moe) : え？わかる？実は、彼にプロポーズされたの。(E? Wakaru? Jitsu wa, kare ni puropōzu sareta no.) |
| ジョシュ (Joshu) : へー。彼氏から 連絡あったんですね。(Hē. Kareshi kara renraku atta n desu ne.) |
| 森野 モエ (Morino Moe) : あー違う 違う。新しい彼。(Ā chigau chigau. Atarashii kare.) |
| : 先月、課長に小説家を紹介されたの。(Sengetsu, kachō ni shōsetsuka o shōkai sareta no.) |
| ジョシュ (Joshu) : はい。(Hai.) |
| 森野 モエ (Morino Moe) : 次の週、彼のうちのパーティーに招待されたの。(Tsugi no shū, kare no uchi no pātī ni shōtai sareta no.) |
| ジョシュ (Joshu) : ええ。それで？(Ee. Sorede?) |
| 森野 モエ (Morino Moe) : で、昨日プロポーズされたの。(De, kinō puropōzu sareta no.) |
| ジョシュ (Joshu) : はい？(Hai?) |
| 森野 モエ (Morino Moe) : 彼の新しい小説、来週出版されるから、買ってね。(Kare no atarashii shōsetsu, raishū shuppan sareru kara, katte ne.) |
| : 彼、みんなに尊敬されているんだ。すごいでしょ。(Kare, minna ni sonkei sarete iru n da. Sugoi desho.) |
| ジョシュ (Joshu) : へー。何ていう小説家ですか？(Hē. Nante iu shōsetsuka desu ka?) |
| 森野 モエ (Morino Moe) : 夏目ゴロウ。(Natsume Gorō.) |
| Naomi: 今度は、英語の訳と一緒に聞いてみましょう。(Kondo wa, Eigo no yaku to issho ni kiite mimashō.) |
| ジョシュ (Joshu) : 機嫌がいいですね。どうしたんですか。(Kigen ga ii desu ne. Dō shita n desu ka.) |
| Kat: You're in a good mood, aren't you? What's up? |
| 森野 モエ (Morino Moe) : え？わかる？(E? Wakaru?) |
| Kat: Huh? You noticed? |
| : 実は、彼にプロポーズされたの。 (Jitsu wa, kare ni puropōzu sareta no.) |
| Kat: The truth is, I was proposed to by my boyfriend. |
| ジョシュ (Joshu) : へー。彼氏から 連絡あったんですね。(Hē. Kareshi kara renraku atta n desu ne.) |
| Kat: Wow... So your boyfriend got in touch with you, then. |
| 森野 モエ (Morino Moe) : あー違う 違う。新しい彼。(Ā chigau chigau. Atarashii kare.) |
| Kat: No, no. This is a new boyfriend. |
| : 先月、課長に小説家を紹介されたの。(Sengetsu, kachō ni shōsetsuka o shōkai sareta no.) |
| Kat: Last month, I was introduced to a novelist by the section chief. |
| ジョシュ (Joshu) : はい。(Hai.) |
| Kat: Uh huh? |
| 森野 モエ (Morino Moe) : 次の週、彼のうちのパーティーに招待されたの。(Tsugi no shū, kare no uchi no pātī ni shōtai sareta no.) |
| Kat: And then, next week, I was invited to a party at his house. |
| ジョシュ (Joshu) : ええ。それで？(Ee. Sorede?) |
| Kat: Right. And then? |
| 森野 モエ (Morino Moe) : で、昨日プロポーズされたの。(De, kinō puropōzu sareta no.) |
| Kat: And then, yesterday I was proposed to. |
| ジョシュ (Joshu) : はい？(Hai?) |
| Kat: What? |
| 森野 モエ (Morino Moe) : 彼の新しい小説、来週出版されるから、買ってね。(Kare no atarashii shōsetsu, raishū shuppan sareru kara, katte ne.) |
| Kat: His new novel is published next week, so buy it, OK? |
| : 彼、みんなに尊敬されているんだ。すごいでしょ。(Kare, minna ni sonkei sarete iru n da. Sugoi desho.) |
| Kat: He's respected by everyone. Amazing, right? |
| ジョシュ (Joshu) : へー。何ていう小説家ですか？(Hē. Nante iu shōsetsuka desu ka?) |
| Kat: Wow... What's the name of this novelist? |
| 森野 モエ (Morino Moe) : 夏目ゴロウ。(Natsume Gorō.) |
| Kat: Gorō Natsume. |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Kat: すごい・・・。モエさんよかったですね。幸せそうですね。(Sugoi… Moe-san yokatta desu ne. Shiawasesō desu ne.) |
| Naomi: ねぇ、本当。(Nee, hontō.) |
| Kat: Wow… I'm happy for Moe, aren't you? She seems really happy. |
| Naomi: でも、早いですよね～。(Demo, hayai desu yo nē.) |
| Kat: うん、確かに。(Un, tashika ni.) |
| Naomi: 先月会った人と結婚するんですよね。(Sengetsu atta hito to kekkon suru n desu yo ne.) |
| Kat: Um, I suppose so... it's pretty hasty to marry someone she only met last month! でも､「一目ぼれ」ってあるんじゃないですか？(Demo, “hitomebore” tte aru n ja nai desu ka?) There is such a thing as "love at first sight", isn't there? Do you believe in 一目ぼれ (hitomebore), Naomi-sensei?? |
| Naomi: うーん、一目ぼれ？うーん…あまり、信じないかなぁ。(Ūn, hitomebore? Ūn… amari, shinjinai ka nā.) |
| Kat: 悲しい。(Kanashii.) That’s so sad. |
| Naomi: 性格のほうが大切かもしれない。(Seikaku no hō ga taisetsu kamo shirenai.) |
| Kat: あー、そうですね。(Ā, sō desu ne.) So personality is more important than falling in love at first sight. |
| Naomi: ところでモエさんは「プロポーズされた」って言いましたけど、日本語のプロポーズと英語のpropose、意味が違いますよね。(Tokorode Moe-san wa “puropōzu sareta” tte iimashita kedo, Nihon-go no puropōzu to Eigo no “propose”, imi ga chigaimasu yo ne.) |
| Kat: Um, that’s actually really a good point. In English too we of course say "propose" for marriage, as in "He proposed to her", but we can also use "propose" in the sense of "suggest", as in "She proposed a new business model". In Japanese, however プロポーズ (puropōzu) is used only for a marriage proposal. There is no other meaning for it. So be careful! |
| Naomi: リスナーの皆さんは一目ぼれをしたことがありますか。教えてください。(Risunā no mina-san wa hitomebore o shita koto ga arimasu ka. Oshiete kudasai.) |
| Kat: Listeners, have any of you fallen in love at first sight? Please let us know by comments. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Kat: OK so now, let's take a look at the vocabulary for this lesson. |
| And the first word we are going to look at is: |
| Naomi: 機嫌 (kigen) [natural native speed] |
| Kat: temper, mood |
| Naomi: 機嫌 (kigen) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Naomi: 機嫌 (kigen) [natural native speed] |
| Kat: And next: |
| Naomi: プロポーズ (puropōzu) [natural native speed] |
| Kat: marriage proposal |
| Naomi: プロポーズ (puropōzu) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Naomi: プロポーズ (puropōzu) [natural native speed] |
| Kat: And next: |
| Naomi: 連絡 (renraku) [natural native speed] |
| Kat: contact |
| Naomi: 連絡 (renraku) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Naomi: 連絡 (renraku) [natural native speed] |
| Kat: And next: |
| Naomi: 出版 (shuppan) [natural native speed] |
| Kat: publication |
| Naomi: 出版 (shuppan) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Naomi: 出版 (shuppan) [natural native speed] |
| Kat: And finally: |
| Naomi: 尊敬 (sonkei) [natural native speed] |
| Kat: respect, esteem |
| Naomi: 尊敬 (sonkei) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Naomi: 尊敬 (sonkei) [natural native speed] |
| VOCAB AND PHRASE USAGE |
| Kat: OK. So now let's have a bit closer look at the usage for some of the words and phrases from this lesson. And what are we going to look at first? |
| Naomi: 機嫌がいい (kigen ga ii) |
| Kat: “in a good mood”. 機嫌 (kigen) means mood. And what's the opposite phrase of “in a good mood”? |
| Naomi: 機嫌が悪い (kigen ga warui) |
| Kat: “in a bad mood”. Can we have a sample sentence using that please? |
| Naomi: はい。今日、キャットさんは機嫌がいい。(Hai. Kyō, Kyatto-san wa kigen ga ii.) |
| Kat: "Today, Kat is in a good mood." |
| Naomi: 機嫌がいいですか。(Kigen ga ii desu ka.) |
| Kat: いいえ。機嫌がとっても悪いから、気をつけたほうがいいですよ。(Iie. Kigen ga tottemo warui kara, ki o tsuketa hō ga ii desu yo.) I'm in a terrible mood, so you'd better watch out! 冗談でーす。(Jōdan dēsu.) |
| Naomi: よかった！(Yokatta!) |
| Kat: Just kidding! Everyone! |
| Naomi: 冗談ね。あーよかった。(Jōdan ne. Ā yokatta.) |
| Kat: 怖かったかな。(Kowakatta ka na.) Was it scary? |
| Naomi: じゃあ、次行きましょう。(Jā, tsugi ikimashō.) |
| Kat: Next, [noun] plus する (suru). When する (suru) or をする (o suru) follows certain nouns, the noun then becomes a verb. Can we hear some examples? |
| Naomi: 連絡 (renraku) |
| Kat: This is a noun that means "contact" or "communication", as in email, phone, etc. It’s really useful. We use this all the time. How do you say the verb "to contact"? |
| Naomi: 連絡する (renraku suru) |
| Kat: “to contact someone” Let's do some more. |
| Naomi: 紹介 (shōkai) |
| Kat: This is a noun that means "introduction". And so the verb "to introduce" is? |
| Naomi: 紹介する (shōkai suru) |
| Kat: “to introduce someone” |
| Naomi: Here's another one, 出版 (shuppan). |
| Kat: This means "publication" of a book or journal or something like that. Be careful, there's a small つ (tsu), or a stop sound in the middle. Can we hear it one more time? |
| Naomi: しゅっぱん (shuppan), 出版 (shuppan) |
| Kat: しゅっぱん (shuppan) |
| Naomi: Right. And 出版する (shuppan suru) is? |
| Kat: "to publish" |
| Naomi: そうです。(Sō desu.) |
| Kat: Let's do one more. |
| Naomi: 尊敬 (sonkei) |
| Kat: It's a noun meaning "respect". It ends in a long E sound. Like けー (kē). |
| Naomi: そうです。尊敬。(Sō desu. Sonkē.) |
| Kat: そんけー。(Sonkē.) So then, how do you say "to respect"? |
| Naomi: 尊敬する (sonkei suru) |
Lesson focus |
|---|
| Kat: The focus of this lesson is passive sentences. |
| Naomi: Passive ってなんですか。(”Passive” tte nan desu ka.) What's the passive, by the way? |
| Kat: The passive voice focuses on the action in a sentence as opposed to the doer of the action. For example,“was stabbed” in "Caesar was stabbed by Brutus” and “was destroyed” in “the building was destroyed by the earthquake” are passive voices. |
| In this lesson, you'll learn how to say those in Japanese. |
| Naomi: You need to know how to form the passive form of a verb in order to make a passive sentence. |
| Kat: OK. In this audio portion let's just focus on the passive form of Class 2 verbs and Class 3 verbs. |
| Naomi: 最初にクラス２を勉強しましょう。(Saisho ni kurasu ni o benkyō shimashō.) Let's start with Class 2. |
| Kat: For class 2 verbs, drop the final る (ru) and add られる (rareru). Now how do you say "to see"? |
| Naomi: 見る (miru) |
| Kat: Drop the る (ru). |
| Naomi: 見 (mi) |
| Kat: Add られる (rareru). |
| Naomi: 見られる (mirareru) |
| Kat: "to be seen". How do you say "to eat"? |
| Naomi: 食べる (taberu) |
| Kat: Drop る (ru). |
| Naomi: 食べ (tabe) |
| Kat: Add られる (rareru). |
| Naomi: 食べられる (taberareru) |
| Kat: "to be eaten" |
| Naomi: Here's a sample sentence. おばあさんはおおかみに食べられた。(O-bā-san wa ōkami ni taberareta.) |
| Kat: What??? That’s a terrible sample sentence! “A grandma was eaten by a wolf?” なおみ先生、ひどーい！！(Naomi-sensei, hidōi!!) Naomi-sensei, you’re horrible! |
| Naomi: You know a famous story あかずきんちゃん(Akazukin-chan), right? |
| Kat: Ah....あかずきんちゃん (Akazukin-chan)! Little Red Riding Hood. (laugh) Yes yes, her grandma was eaten by a wolf, yes I know. Listeners, did you notice the おおかみ (ōkami), wolf was marked by に (ni)? In the passive sentence in Japanese, the performer of the action is marked by the particle に (ni). OK. Listeners, listen and repeat. |
| Naomi: おばあさんはおおかみに食べられた。(O-bā-san wa ōkami ni taberareta.) |
| Kat: (pause) Listeners, say "The grandma was eaten by the wolf." |
| Naomi: (pause) おばあさんはおおかみに食べられた。(O-bā-san wa ōkami ni taberareta.) |
| Kat: OK so next, let's learn the passive form of class 3 verbs. Since they are irregular you just have to memorize them. But luckily, there's only two of them! |
| Naomi: Right. する (suru) |
| Kat: "to do" |
| Naomi: becomes される (sareru). 来る (kuru) |
| Kat: "to come" |
| Naomi: becomes 来られる (korareru) |
| Kat: So する (suru) becomes される (sareru) and 来る (kuru) becomes 来られる (korareru). |
| Naomi: Right. する-される (suru - sareru), 来る-来られる (kuru - korareru). |
| Kat: OK, so now let's make a passive sentence meaning "Moe was proposed marriage by Goro". First of all, how do you say "to propose marriage" or "to make a marriage proposal"? |
| Naomi: プロポーズする (puropōzu suru) |
| Kat: And the passive form is? |
| Naomi: プロポーズされる (puropōzu sareru) |
| Kat: And the subject of this sentence is Moe so let’s mark the subject with particle は (wa). |
| Naomi: モエはプロポーズされる (Moe wa puropōzu sareru) |
| Kat: The person who actually makes the proposal here is Goro. So mark the performer of the action with に (ni). |
| Naomi: モエはゴロウにプロポーズされる。(Moe wa Gorō ni puropōzu sareru.) |
| Kat: Then change this sentence into the past tense. |
| Naomi: モエはゴロウにプロポーズされた。(Moe wa Gorō ni puropōzu sareta.) |
| Kat: OK. Listeners, listen and repeat. |
| Naomi: モエはゴロウにプロポーズされた。(Moe wa Gorō ni puropōzu sareta.) |
| Kat: (pause) Listeners, say "Moe was proposed marriage by Goro." |
| Naomi: (pause) モエはゴロウにプロポーズされた。(Moe wa Gorō ni puropōzu sareta.) |
| Kat: Whew, that was a long lesson. |
| Naomi: ねぇ！(Nee!) Yes. A lot of things to memorize. がんばってくださいね。(Ganbatte kudasai ne.) Try your best and good luck! |
| Kat: Make sure to read the lesson notes, and you can also find practice questions there. Go to JapanesePod101.com to download the lesson notes for more information. |
| Naomi: じゃ、また。(Ja, mata.) |
| Kat: それじゃーね！(Sorejā ne!) Bye bye! |
Outro |
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