Learn how to say "it's supposed to be the case"
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Naomi: なおみです。(Naomi desu.) |
| Kat: Kat here. Seeing Ghosts in Japan. In this lesson you'll learn how to say "supposed to be" or "should be" in Japanese |
| Naomi:「はず」 の使い方です。(“Hazu” no tsukaikata desu.) |
| Kat: We'll cover the usage of はず (hazu). Where does this conversation take place? |
| Naomi: 会社です。(Kaisha desu.) |
| Kat: At an office. |
| Naomi: 最初は銀行の人と、松田 一平さんが話しています。次に、松田さんは森野 モエさんに質問をします。(Saisho wa ginkō no hito to, Matsuda Ippei-san ga hanashite imasu. Tsugi ni, Matsuda-san wa Morino Moe-san ni shitsumon o shimasu.) |
| Kat: Now this conversation has 2 parts. The first half of the conversation is between someone from a bank and Mr. Matsuda. And the latter part is between Mr. Matsuda and Moe while he is asking her a question. |
| Naomi: では、聞いてみましょう。(Dewa, kiite mimashō.) |
| Kat: Let's listen to the conversation. |
| DIALOGUE |
| ユウ レイ (Yū Rei) : JP銀行のユウ レイと申します。(Jeipī ginkō no Yū Rei to mōshimasu.) |
| : ジョシュさんと約束があるのですが。(Joshu-san to yakusoku ga aru no desu ga.) |
| 松田 一平 (Matsuda Ippei) : ジョシュはもうすぐ来るはずなんですが…。(Joshu wa mō sugu kuru hazu nan desu ga…) |
| ユウ レイ (Yū Rei) : じゃ、待ちます。(Ja, machimasu.) |
| 松田 一平 (Matsuda Ippei) : ・・・来ないですね。あ、お昼でもどうですか？(...Konai desu ne. A, o-hiru demo dō desu ka?) |
| : 近くに有名なそば屋があるんですよ。(Chikaku ni yūmei na sobaya ga aru n desu yo.) |
| : 私は行ったことがありませんが、おいしいはずですよ。(Watashi wa itta koto ga arimasen ga, oishii hazu desu yo.) |
| ユウ レイ (Yū Rei) : 結構です。(Kekkō desu.) |
| 松田 一平 (Matsuda Ippei) : ・・・そうですか。(...Sō desu ka.) |
| : ジョシュ、来た？(Joshu, kita?) |
| 森野 モエ (Morino Moe) : え？お休みのはずです。(E? O-yasumi no hazu desu.) |
| 松田 一平 (Matsuda Ippei) : は？(Ha?) |
| 森野 モエ (Morino Moe) : 課長に休暇届を出したはずですよ。(Kachō ni kyūka todoke o dashita hazu desu yo.) |
| 松田 一平 (Matsuda Ippei) : うわ・・・。JP銀行のユウ レイという人が来て待っているんだ。(Uwa... Jeipī ginkō no Yū Rei to iu hito ga kite matte iru n da.) |
| 森野 モエ (Morino Moe) : え・・・ユウ レイさんは・・・先月亡くなったはずですけど・・・。(E... Yū Rei-san wa... sengetsu nakunatta hazu desu kedo…) |
| Naomi: もう一度、会話を聞いてください。今度はゆっくり話します。(Mō ichi-do, kaiwa o kiite kudasai. Kondo wa yukkuri hanashimasu.) |
| ユウ レイ (Yū Rei) : JP銀行のユウ レイと申します。(Jeipī ginkō no Yū Rei to mōshimasu.) |
| : ジョシュさんと約束があるのですが。(Joshu-san to yakusoku ga aru no desu ga.) |
| 松田 一平 (Matsuda Ippei) : ジョシュはもうすぐ来るはずなんですが…。(Joshu wa mō sugu kuru hazu nan desu ga…) |
| ユウ レイ (Yū Rei) : じゃ、待ちます。(Ja, machimasu.) |
| 松田 一平 (Matsuda Ippei) : ・・・来ないですね。あ、お昼でもどうですか？(...Konai desu ne. A, o-hiru demo dō desu ka?) |
| : 近くに有名なそば屋があるんですよ。(Chikaku ni yūmei na sobaya ga aru n desu yo.) |
| : 私は行ったことがありませんが、おいしいはずですよ。(Watashi wa itta koto ga arimasen ga, oishii hazu desu yo.) |
| ユウ レイ (Yū Rei) : 結構です。(Kekkō desu.) |
| 松田 一平 (Matsuda Ippei) : ・・・そうですか。(...Sō desu ka.) |
| : ジョシュ、来た？(Joshu, kita?) |
| 森野 モエ (Morino Moe) : え？お休みのはずです。(E? O-yasumi no hazu desu.) |
| 松田 一平 (Matsuda Ippei) : は？(Ha?) |
| 森野 モエ (Morino Moe) : 課長に休暇届を出したはずですよ。(Kachō ni kyūka todoke o dashita hazu desu yo.) |
| 松田 一平 (Matsuda Ippei) : うわ・・・。JP銀行のユウ レイという人が来て待っているんだ。(Uwa... Jeipī ginkō no Yū Rei to iu hito ga kite matte iru n da.) |
| 森野 モエ (Morino Moe) : え・・・ユウ レイさんは・・・先月亡くなったはずですけど・・・。(E... Yū Rei-san wa... sengetsu nakunatta hazu desu kedo…) |
| Naomi: 今度は、英語の訳と一緒に聞いてみましょう。(Kondo wa, Eigo no yaku to issho ni kiite mimashō.) |
| ユウ レイ (Yū Rei) : JP銀行のユウ レイと申します。(Jeipī ginkō no Yū Rei to mōshimasu.) |
| Kat: My name is Rei Yū from JP Bank. |
| : ジョシュさんと約束があるのですが。(Joshu-san to yakusoku ga aru no desu ga.) |
| Kat: I have an appointment with Josh... |
| 松田 一平 (Matsuda Ippei) : ジョシュはもうすぐ来るはずなんですが…。(Joshu wa mō sugu kuru hazu nan desu ga…) |
| Kat: Josh should be here any minute... |
| ユウ レイ (Yū Rei) : じゃ、待ちます。(Ja, machimasu.) |
| Kat: Alright, I'll wait. |
| 松田 一平 (Matsuda Ippei) : ・・・来ないですね。(...Konai desu ne.) |
| Kat: ... He hasn't come yet, has he? |
| : あ、お昼でもどうですか？(A, o-hiru demo dō desu ka?) |
| Kat: How about lunch, or something? |
| : 近くに有名なそば屋があるんですよ。(Chikaku ni yūmei na sobaya ga aru n desu yo.) |
| Kat: There's a famous soba restaurant near here. |
| : 私は行ったことがありませんが、おいしいはずですよ。(Watashi wa itta koto ga arimasen ga, oishii hazu desu yo.) |
| Kat: I've never been, but it's supposed to be delicious. |
| ユウ レイ (Yū Rei) : 結構です。(Kekkō desu.) |
| Kat: No thank you. |
| 松田 一平 (Matsuda Ippei) : ・・・そうですか。(...Sō desu ka.) |
| Kat: ... I see. |
| : ジョシュ、来た？(Joshu, kita?) |
| Kat: Has Josh come in? |
| 森野 モエ (Morino Moe) : え？お休みのはずです。(E? O-yasumi no hazu desu.) |
| Kat: Huh? I'm pretty sure he's off today. |
| 松田 一平 (Matsuda Ippei) : は？(Ha?) |
| Kat: What?! |
| 森野 モエ (Morino Moe) : 課長に休暇届を出したはずですよ。(Kachō ni kyūka todoke o dashita hazu desu yo.) |
| Kat: I'm almost certain he submitted a vacation application form to the Section Chief. |
| 松田 一平 (Matsuda Ippei) : うわ・・・。JP銀行のユウ レイという人が来て待っているんだ。(Uwa... Jeipī ginkō no Yū Rei to iu hito ga kite matte iru n da.) |
| Kat: Argh... Someone called Rei Yū from JP Bank is here and waiting for him. |
| 森野 モエ (Morino Moe) : え・・・ユウ レイさんは・・・先月亡くなったはずですけど・・・。(E... Yū Rei-san wa... sengetsu nakunatta hazu desu kedo…) |
| Kat: Huh? But Mr. Rei Yū is... supposed to have passed away last month… |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Kat: うわー。なおみ先生！最後にぞっとしますね！(Uwā. Naomi-sensei! Saigo ni zotto shimasu ne!) You get chills down your spine at the end there! |
| Naomi:そうですね。 銀行の人の名前は、大きいヒントですよね。気づきました？(Sō desu ne. Ginkō no hito no namae wa, ōkii hinto desu yo ne. Kizukimashita?) |
| Kat: That's right... there was a big clue in the name of the man from the bank. Did you notice it?なおみ先生、銀行の人の名前はなんでしたっけ？(Naomi-sensei, ginkō no hito no namae wa nan deshita kke?) What’s the name of the person from the bank again? |
| Naomi: ユウ・レイさんでしたよね。ゆうれい、幽霊。(Yū Rei-san deshita yo ne. Yū Rei, yūrei.) |
| Kat: “Ghost”. いやー！こわいー！(Iyā! Kowaī!) Yeah, that’s right. And 幽霊 (yūrei) in Japanese means “ghost”. |
| Naomi: キャットさんは、怖い話とか幽霊の話とか好きですか。(Kyatto-san wa, kowai hanashi toka yūrei no hanashi toka suki desu ka.) |
| Kat: Do I like scary stories and stories about ghosts? うーん、大好きですけど、日本の幽霊は怖すぎて、本当にトラウマになりますよね。(Ūn, daisuki desu kedo, Nihon no yūrei wa kowasugite, hontō ni torauma ni narimasu yo ne.) |
| Naomi: 怖い怖い。(Kowai kowai.) |
| Kat: Japanese ghosts are probably the scariest in the world. I get mentally traumatized after watching some of these Japanese horror films... |
| Naomi: そうですね、私も怖いものは大嫌いなんですけど、でも昔、うちの祖母、おばあちゃんがね、「幽霊は怖くないなぁ・・・」って言っていました。(Sō desu ne, watashi mo kowai mono wa daikirai nan desu kedo, demo mukashi, uchi no sobo, o-bā-chan ga ne, “yūrei wa kowakunai nā…” tte itte imashita.) |
| Kat: えー、すごい！(Ē, sugoi!) So your grandmother used to say that ghosts aren't scary to her? |
| Naomi: うん。でね、人間のほうが怖いって。(Un. De ne, ningen no hō ga kowai tte.) |
| Kat: Ah… Human beings are scarier! まぁ、確かにそうですね。(Mā, tashika ni sō desu ne.) I dare say that's true. |
| Naomi: でも日本の幽霊って、ちょっとあのアメリカの幽霊とかイギリスの幽霊とかとは違いますよね。(Demo Nihon no yūrei tte, chotto ano Amerika no yūrei toka Igirisu no yūrei toka to wa chigaimasu yo ne.) |
| Kat: あ、違いますね。特徴、special point あります。(A, chigaimasu ne. Tokuchō, “special point” arimasu.) |
| Naomi: 呪いますよね。(Noroimasu yo ne.) |
| Kat: Ah, yes! They curse human being forever. So please be careful if you come to Japan, everyone. (laugh) |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Kat: OK. So now, let's take a look at the vocabulary for this lesson. |
| And the first one we are going to look at is: |
| Naomi: もうすぐ (mōsugu) [natural native speed] |
| Kat: soon, almost, very soon |
| Naomi: もうすぐ (mōsugu) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Naomi: もうすぐ (mōsugu) [natural native speed] |
| Kat: And next: |
| Naomi: 結構 (kekkō) [natural native speed] |
| Kat: splendid, nice, well enough |
| Naomi: 結構 (kekkō) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Naomi: 結構 (kekkō) [natural native speed] |
| Kat: And next: |
| Naomi: お休み (o-yasumi) [natural native speed] |
| Kat: holiday, day-off, absence |
| Naomi: お休み (o-yasumi) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Naomi: お休み (o-yasumi) [natural native speed] |
| Kat: And next: |
| Naomi: 休暇届 (kyūka todoke) [natural native speed] |
| Kat: request for vacation time |
| Naomi: 休暇届 (kyūka todoke) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Naomi: 休暇届 (kyūka todoke) [natural native speed] |
| Kat: And finally: |
| Naomi: 亡くなる (nakunaru) [natural native speed] |
| Kat: to pass away |
| Naomi: 亡くなる (nakunaru) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Naomi: 亡くなる (nakunaru) [natural native speed] |
| VOCAB AND PHRASE USAGE |
| Kat: OK so now, let's have a closer look at the usage for some of the words and phrases from this lesson. And what will we be looking at first? |
| Naomi: お昼でもどうですか。(O-hiru demo dō desu ka.) |
| Kat: Literally, "How about lunch, or something?" |
| Naomi: お昼 (o-hiru) here means "lunch". どうですか (dō desu ka) means "how is" or "how about". |
| Kat: And there's the word でも (demo) between these two. |
| でも (demo) here indicates more than one possibility or example. This can be translated as “…or something” in English. |
| Naomi: お昼どうですか (o-hiru dō desu ka) is "How about lunch?" |
| But お昼でもどうですか (o-hiru demo dō desu ka) is "how about lunch, or something?" |
| Kat: お昼でもどうですか (o-hiru demo dō desu ka) sounds a lot less direct, doesn't it, in Japanese? |
| Naomi: そうですね。(Sō desu ne.) Here's another sample sentence. |
| コーヒーでも飲みませんか。(Kōhī demo nomimasen ka.) |
| Kat: "Would you like some coffee, or something?" |
| Here the speaker gave "coffee" as an example. It doesn't necessarily -have- to be coffee. There are other drinks as well. |
| Naomi: お茶とかジュースとか紅茶とか、何でもいいんですよね。(O-cha toka jūsu toka kōcha toka, nan demo ii n desu yo ne.) |
| Kat: Yeah, that’s right. It could be green tea, juice, black tea - anything is fine! That's what's implied with this でも (demo). |
| Naomi: それから、このフレーズはデートに誘うときにもよく使いますよね。(Sorekara, kono furēzu wa dēto ni sasou toki ni mo yoku tsukaimasu yo ne.) This is actually often used when asking someone out on a date. |
| Kat: Like...今度の日曜日、映画でも見にいきませんか。(Kondo no nichi-yōbi, eiga demo mi ni ikimasen ka.) "Would you like to go and see a film or something this Sunday?" |
| Naomi: そう。よく使われるでしょ、キャットさん。(Sō. Yoku tsukawareru desho, Kyatto-san.) |
| Kat: いや、使われないです。(Iya, tsukawarenai desu.) No one uses it to me. (laugh) And the next one is? |
| Naomi: 結構です。(Kekkō desu.) |
| Kat: "No thank you" or “I’m fine.” The word 結構 (kekkō) itself actually means "fine”, “enough”, “splendid”, or “nice” or words like that. But the phrase 結構です (kekkō desu) is often used to refuse an offer in a formal situation. It's literally saying "I'm fine [without accepting what you're offering]". |
| Naomi: これ、英語でも "I'm fine" とか "I'm OK, thanks" とか言いませんか。(Kore, Eigo demo “I’m fine” toka “I’m OK, thanks” toka iimasen ka.) I think it's similar in English too. |
| Kat: そうですよねー。(Sō desu yo nē.) It's actually really similar. For example if someone asked me "Would you like some coffee?" and I didn't want any, I could say "I'm fine, thank you", or "I'm OK, thanks". |
| And the last word we are going to look at is? |
| Naomi: 亡くなる (nakunaru) |
| Kat: “to pass away”. 亡くなる (nakunaru) is a euphemistic or polite way of saying 死ぬ (shinu) which is “to die.” 亡くなる (nakunaru) is used much more often than 死ぬ (shinu) when talking about a person's death, I think. 死ぬ (shinu) is very blunt. 亡くなる (nakunaru) is like the English "pass away". |
| Naomi: Since it's an intransitive verb the person who dies is marked by particle が (ga), so 社長が亡くなった (shachō ga nakunatta). |
| Kat: "The company president passed away." One more thing that I like to mention. I used to make a mistake when I was learning Japanese for the first time is even though 亡くなる (nakunaru) is a polite way of saying 死ぬ (shinu) when you are talking about an animal, even if you hear that your boss’s pet or something has died, you don’t say for example… 犬が亡くなりました。(Inu ga nakunarimashita.) You say 犬が死にました (inu ga shinimashita). |
| Naomi: そうです。動物は「死にました。」人は「亡くなりました。」(Sō desu. Dōbutsu wa “shinimashita.” Hito wa “nakunarimashita.”) |
| Kat: That’s right. So remember animals you always use 死ぬ (shinu) and people usually use 亡くなる (nakunaru). |
Lesson focus |
|---|
| Kat: The focus of this lesson is how to say “supposed to” or “it is supposed to be the case that…” in Japanese. |
| Naomi: Supposed to は「はず」ですね。(“Supposed to” wa “hazu” desu ne.) |
| Kat: The formation is “[informal speech] + はず (hazu).” Let's look at some examples. Naomi-sensei, how do you say "boyfriend"? |
| Naomi: 彼氏 (kareshi) |
| Kat: And then, how do you say "to have a boyfriend”? |
| Naomi: 彼氏がいる。(Kareshi ga iru.) |
| Kat: And how about "Maki has a boyfriend"? |
| Naomi: マキは彼氏がいる。(Maki wa kareshi ga iru.) |
| Kat: Now attach はずだ (hazu da) to this sentence. |
| Naomi: マキは彼氏がいるはずだ。(Maki wa kareshi ga iru hazu da.) |
| Kat: This sentence means "I'm sure Maki has a boyfriend." In this case you have some kind of background information - like, you've seen Maki with the same boy lots of times, or you've heard from other people that she has a boyfriend and judging from that information, you're almost certain that Maki has a boyfriend. |
| Listeners, listen and repeat. |
| Naomi: マキは彼氏がいるはずだ。(Maki wa kareshi ga iru hazu da.) |
| Kat: (pause) Listeners, say "I'm sure Maki has a boyfriend." |
| Naomi: (pause) マキは彼氏がいるはずだ。(Maki wa kareshi ga iru hazu da.) |
| Kat: Let's do one more. How do you say "to come"? |
| Naomi: 来る (kuru) |
| Kat: And how about "to come at 10"? |
| Naomi: １０時に来る (jū-ji ni kuru) |
| Kat: So "The bus will come at 10" is |
| Naomi: バスは１０時に来る。(Basu wa jū-ji ni kuru.) |
| Kat: Attach はずだ (hazu da). |
| Naomi: バスは１０時に来るはずだ。(Basu wa jū-ji ni kuru hazu da.) |
| Kat: This sentence means "The bus should come at 10." Listeners, listen and repeat. |
| Naomi: バスは１０時に来るはずだ。(Basu wa jū-ji ni kuru hazu da.) |
| Kat: (pause) Listeners, say "The bus should come at 10." |
| Naomi: (pause) バスは１０時に来るはずだ。(Basu wa jū-ji ni kuru hazu da.) |
| Kat: 質問があります。(Shitsumon ga arimasu.) |
| Naomi: はい。(Hai.) |
| Kat: Naomi-sensei, I have a question. |
| Naomi: 何ですか。(Nan desu ka.) |
| Kat:「バスは１０時に来ると思います」も大丈夫ですよね？ (“Basu wa jū-ji ni kuru to omoimasu” mo daijōbu desu yo ne?) It's also OK to say "I think the bus will come at 10", using と思います (to omoimasu), isn't it? |
| Naomi: はい。大丈夫です。(Hai. Daijōbu desu.) Yes, you can say バスは１０時に来ると思います (basu wa jū-ji ni kuru to omoimasu) too. |
| Kat: 違いはなんですか。(Chigai wa nan desu ka.) What's the difference? |
| Naomi: うん。いい質問ですね。(Un. Ii shitsumon desu ne.) Good question! |
| はず (hazu) sounds like you you're saying this based on some objective information or knowledge. 思う (omou) indicates your opinion in general, without any specific proof to back it up. |
| Kat: I see. So in short, use はず (hazu) when you have some information to base your statement on, and と思う (to omou) when it's just an opinion or a feeling, based on nothing in particular. |
| Naomi: 正しいはずです。(Tadashii hazu desu.) |
| Kat: That seems correct! Well that just about does it for this lesson. |
| Naomi: レッスンノートを読んでくださいね。役に立つはずです。(Ressun nōto o yonde kudasai ne. Yaku ni tatsu hazu desu.) |
| Kat: Yes, please read the lesson notes! They should come in handy. |
| Naomi: じゃ、また。(Ja, mata.) |
| Kat: それじゃ、バイバイ！(Soreja, baibai!) |
Outro |
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