Learn about contracted Japanese expressions
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Naomi: なおみです。(Naomi desu.) |
| Kat: Kat here. This Japanese is Easy to Say. In this lesson you'll learn colloquial terms that will make your Japanese sounds natural. |
| Naomi: 短縮形を勉強します。(Tanshukukei o benkyō shimasu.) |
| Kat: We'll introduce contracted forms. This conversation takes place at? |
| Naomi: うちです。(Uchi desu.) |
| Kat: At home. The conversation is between a father and his 4 year old daughter. |
| Naomi: そうですね。お父さんと娘さんの会話です。(Sō desu ne. O-tō-san to musume-san no kaiwa desu.) |
| Kat: And since it's a conversation between a father and a daughter, you'll hear informal Japanese. |
| Naomi: では、聞いてみましょう。(Dewa, kiite mimashō.) |
| Kat: So let’s listen to the conversation. |
| DIALOGUE |
| お父さん (o-tō-san) : あ、割っちゃった。(A, watchatta.) |
| 娘 (musume) : パパ、コップ割っちゃったの？気をつけなくちゃ。(Papa, koppu watchatta no? Ki o tsukenakucha.) |
| お父さん (o-tō-san) : はいはい。風歌、早くご飯食べちゃいなさい。(Hai hai. Fūka, hayaku gohan tabechainasai.) |
| 娘 (musume) : いらない。(Iranai.) |
| お父さん (o-tō-san) : おなかすいちゃうよ。食べなくちゃだめ。(Onaka suichau yo. Tabenakucha dame.) |
| 娘 (musume) : やだ、やだ、やだ。(Yada, yada, yada.) |
| お父さん (o-tō-san) : わかった、わかった。じゃ、保育園に行こう。(Wakatta, wakatta. Ja, hoikuen ni ikō.) |
| 娘 (musume) : やだ！(Yada!) |
| お父さん (o-tō-san) : 風歌。パパ、会社に遅刻しちゃうよ。(Fūka. Papa, kaisha ni chikoku shichau yo.) |
| 娘 (musume) : ママ、お仕事、行っちゃった？(Mama, o-shigoto, itchatta?) |
| お父さん (o-tō-san) : うん。だから、パパ、嵐と風歌を保育園に連れて行かなくちゃいけないんだ。(Un. Dakara, papa, Arashi to Fūka o hoikuen ni tsurete ikanakucha ikenai n da.) |
| 娘 (musume) : やだ。パパ嫌い。(Yada. Papa kirai.) |
| お父さん (o-tō-san) : 風歌！(Fūka!) |
| Naomi: もう一度、会話を聞いてください。今度はゆっくり話します。(Mō ichi-do, kaiwa o kiite kudasai. Kondo wa yukkuri hanashimasu.) |
| お父さん (o-tō-san) : あ、割っちゃった。(A, watchatta.) |
| 娘 (musume) : パパ、コップ割っちゃったの？気をつけなくちゃ。(Papa, koppu watchatta no? Ki o tsukenakucha.) |
| お父さん (o-tō-san) : はいはい。風歌、早くご飯食べちゃいなさい。(Hai hai. Fūka, hayaku gohan tabechainasai.) |
| 娘 (musume) : いらない。(Iranai.) |
| お父さん (o-tō-san) : おなかすいちゃうよ。食べなくちゃだめ。(Onaka suichau yo. Tabenakucha dame.) |
| 娘 (musume) : やだ、やだ、やだ。(Yada, yada, yada.) |
| お父さん (o-tō-san) : わかった、わかった。じゃ、保育園に行こう。(Wakatta, wakatta. Ja, hoikuen ni ikō.) |
| 娘 (musume) : やだ！(Yada!) |
| お父さん (o-tō-san) : 風歌。パパ、会社に遅刻しちゃうよ。(Fūka. Papa, kaisha ni chikoku shichau yo.) |
| 娘 (musume) : ママ、お仕事、行っちゃった？(Mama, o-shigoto, itchatta?) |
| お父さん (o-tō-san) : うん。だから、パパ、嵐と風歌を保育園に連れて行かなくちゃいけないんだ。(Un. Dakara, papa, Arashi to Fūka o hoikuen ni tsurete ikanakucha ikenai n da.) |
| 娘 (musume) : やだ。パパ嫌い。(Yada. Papa kirai.) |
| お父さん (o-tō-san) : 風歌！(Fūka!) |
| Naomi: 今度は、英語の訳と一緒に聞いてみましょう。(Kondo wa, Eigo no yaku to issho ni kiite mimashō.) |
| お父さん (o-tō-san) : あ、割っちゃった。(A, watchatta.) |
| Kat: Ah, I broke it. |
| 娘 (musume) : パパ、コップ割っちゃったの？気をつけなくちゃ。(Papa, koppu watchatta no? Ki o tsukenakucha.) |
| Kat: Daddy, did you break the cup? You have to be careful. |
| お父さん (o-tō-san) : はいはい。風歌、早くご飯食べちゃいなさい。(Hai hai. Fūka, hayaku gohan tabechainasai.) |
| Kat: I know, I know. Fūka, hurry up and finish eating your food. |
| 娘 (musume) : いらない。(Iranai.) |
| Kat: I don't want it. |
| お父さん (o-tō-san) : おなかすいちゃうよ。食べなくちゃだめ。(Onaka suichau yo. Tabenakucha dame.) |
| Kat: You'll get hungry. You have to eat. |
| 娘 (musume) : やだ、やだ、やだ。(Yada, yada, yada.) |
| Kat: No, no, no. |
| お父さん (o-tō-san) : わかった、わかった。じゃ、保育園に行こう。(Wakatta, wakatta. Ja, hoikuen ni ikō.) |
| Kat: All right, all right. So let's go to the nursery. |
| 娘 (musume) : やだ！(Yada!) |
| Kat: No! |
| お父さん (o-tō-san) : 風歌。パパ、会社に遅刻しちゃうよ。(Fūka. Papa, kaisha ni chikoku shichau yo.) |
| Kat: Fūka. Daddy will be late for work. |
| 娘 (musume) : ママ、お仕事、行っちゃった？(Mama, o-shigoto, itchatta?) |
| Kat: Has Mommy gone to work? |
| お父さん (o-tō-san) : うん。だから、パパ、嵐と風歌を保育園に連れて行かなくちゃいけないんだ。(Un. Dakara, papa, Arashi to Fūka o hoikuen ni tsurete ikanakucha ikenai n da.) |
| Kat: Yeah. So Daddy has to take Arashi and Fūka to nursery. |
| 娘 (musume) : やだ。パパ嫌い。(Yada. Papa kirai.) |
| Kat: No. I hate Daddy. |
| お父さん (o-tō-san) : 風歌！(Fūka!) |
| Kat: Fūka! |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Naomi: お父さん、大変そうですね。(O-tō-san, taihen sō desu ne.) |
| Kat: Yes, it does look like a tough job being a dad! To be told パパ嫌い (papa kirai), I hate you daddy! by your 4-year-old daughter... poor お父さん (o-tō-san)! |
| Naomi: 頑張っているのにねぇ。(Gabatte iru no ni nee.) |
| Kat: Even though he's trying his best! |
| Naomi: この前友達の家に行ったんですが、友達と、友達の娘さんに会いました。友達の娘は、ずっと、「いや！」とか 「やだ！」と言っていましたね。(Kono mae tomodachi no uchi ni itta n desu ga, tomodachi to, tomodachi no musume-san ni aimashita. Tomodachi no musume wa, zutto, “Iya!” toka “Yada!” to itte imashita ne.) |
| Kat: So a while ago you visited your friend's home and your friend's daughter was like Fuka in the dialogue, and just kept saying "Iya", "No!" or "Yada", "I don't want to!"? |
| Naomi: そうそうそう。(Sō sō sō.) |
| Kat: The whole time? |
| Naomi: そうです。多分やだやだ period だと思うんですけど。(Sō desu. Tabun yada yada “period” da to omou n desu kedo.) |
| Kat: I think 2 or 3 year-old have that quite commonly, yeah. |
| Naomi: はい。まぁそれを見て、このダイアログを書きました。 (Hai. Mā sore o mite, kono daiarogu o kakimashita.) |
| Kat: Ah! So you were kind of inspired by your friend's daughter then. |
| Naomi: はい、そうです。(Hai, sō desu.) |
| Kat: I see. By the way, in the dialogue Fuka kept saying やだ (yada) which means "I don't want to" or "No way", but やだ (yada) was originally いやだ (iya da), right? |
| Naomi: そうです。(Sō desu.) This is the word いや (iya) plus the copula だ (da). In a very casual conversation い (i) is often dropped. So we get やだ！(Yada!) |
| Kat: Sometimes we hear it without the だ (da) at the end. So you get いや！(Iya!) or simply や！(Ya!) Naomi: That sounds so cute. It sounds very childish though. |
| Kat: Um. So of course, you can't use いや！ (Iya!) in a business setting or even probably with your kind of adult friends. |
| Naomi: そうですね。無理ですね。(Sō desu ne. Muri desu ne.) |
| Kat: So definitely not no. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Kat: OK so now, let's take a look at the vocabulary for this lesson. |
| And the first word we are going to see is: |
| Naomi: 割る (waru) [natural native speed] |
| Kat: to break, to divide, to cut |
| Naomi: 割る (waru) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Naomi: 割る (waru) [natural native speed] |
| Kat: And next: |
| Naomi: コップ (koppu) [natural native speed] |
| Kat: glass, tumbler |
| Naomi: コップ (koppu) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Naomi: コップ (koppu) [natural native speed] |
| Kat: OK. And next: |
| Naomi: 気をつける (ki o tsukeru) [natural native speed] |
| Kat: to be careful, to pay attention |
| Naomi: 気をつける (ki o tsukeru) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Naomi: 気をつける (ki o tsukeru) [natural native speed] |
| Kat: Next: |
| Naomi: いる (iru) [natural native speed] |
| Kat: to need, to want |
| Naomi: いる (iru) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Naomi: いる (iru) [natural native speed] |
| Kat: And finally: |
| Naomi: お腹がすく (onaka ga suku) [natural native speed] |
| Kat: to become hungry |
| Naomi: お腹がすく (onaka ga suku) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Naomi: お腹がすく (onaka ga suku) [natural native speed] |
| VOCAB AND PHRASE USAGE |
| Kat: OK. So now, let's have a closer look at the usage for some of the words and phrases from this lesson. And the first one we are going to look at is... |
| Naomi: コップ (koppu) |
| Kat: “a glass”, “a drinking glass” |
| Naomi: Whereas in Japanese we call a cup, カップ (kappu). |
| Kat: Right. It's a bit confusing so be careful. コップ (koppu) with a コ (ko) refers to glasses or tumblers, whereas カップ (kappu) with a カ (ka) refers to cups or mugs. |
| Naomi: I heard the word コップ (koppu) meaning glass originates from Dutch or Portuguese rather than English. |
| Kat: Um. There are a lot of words in Japanese which are written in katakana which are from European languages other than English... like for example, ペンキ (penki) for "paint", which is Dutch originally. |
| Naomi: うん。(Un.) |
| Kat: So just because you speak English doesn't mean you'll automatically know what every katakana word means! So be careful. By the way, Naomi-sensei. |
| Naomi: はい。(Hai.) |
| Kat: I've also heard people calling a glass, グラス (gurasu). グラス (gurasu) is also a common way of referring to a drinking glass, right? |
| Naomi: はい、そうです。(Hai, sō desu.) |
| Kat: OK. So the next item we are going to look at is? |
| Naomi: わかった、わかった。 (Wakatta, wakatta.) |
| Kat: “I know, I know.” Repeating the same word twice or more emphasizes the speaker’s feeling and gives the sentence rhythm like in English. |
| Naomi: はい、そうです。例えば、「ごめん、ごめん。」(Hai, sō desu. Tatoeba, “Gomen, gomen.”) |
| Kat: “Sorry. Sorry.” |
| Naomi: 違う、違う。(Chigau, chigau.) |
| Kat: "No, no, that's wrong." I can think of one more example actually. Which you use a lot in a conversation, Naomi-sensei. |
| Naomi: え？何々？(E? Nani nani?) What is it? |
| Kat: It’s そうそう。(Sō sō.) "That’s right. That’s right." |
| Naomi: あー、そうそう。よく使います。あのー私、よく使いますね。(Ā, sō sō. Yoku tsukaimasu. Anō watashi, yoku tsukaimasu ne.) I do it a lot. そうそうそうそう。(Sō sō sō sō.) |
Lesson focus |
|---|
| Kat: In this lesson you’ll learn how to sound more natural when speaking Japanese. |
| Naomi: 短い形。(Mijikai katachi.) Contracted forms を勉強します。(“Contracted forms” o benkyō shimasu.) |
| Kat: Yes. We'll introduce contracted forms, or easy-to-say forms. |
| Naomi: 今回は、自然な "should" や "shouldn't" の言い方を勉強します。まず最初に、"should”の言い方を勉強しましょう。(Konkai wa, shizen na “should” ya “shouldn’t” no iikata o benkyō shimasu. Mazu saisho ni, “should” no iikata o benkyō shimashō.) |
| Kat: First of all, you'll learn how to say "have to" or "should" in natural Japanese. |
| So far you’ve learned 〜なくてはいけない (-nakute wa ikenai) is "should" or "have to", right? Of course this is also a perfectly natural expression. However when people are speaking fast or casually, this 〜なくてはいけない (-nakute wa ikenai) becomes 〜なくちゃいけない (-nakucha ikenai). |
| Naomi: 例えば…。(Tatoeba…) For example, 行かなくてはいけない (ikanakute wa ikenai). |
| Kat: "I have to go" |
| Naomi: is said 行かなくちゃいけない (ikanakucha ikenai). |
| Kat: Let’s have one more. |
| Naomi: しなくてはいけない (shinakute wa ikenai) |
| Kat: "I have to do" |
| Naomi: becomes しなくちゃいけない (shinakucha ikenai). |
| Kat: Can we have a sample sentence? |
| Naomi: はい。朝ごはんを食べなくちゃいけない。(Hai. Asagohan o tabenakucha ikenai.) |
| Kat: "You have to eat breakfast." OK. Listeners, listen and repeat. |
| Naomi: 朝ごはんを食べなくちゃいけない。(Asagohan o tabenakucha ikenai.) |
| Kat: (pause) Now Naomi-sensei, the last part いけない (ikenai) can be replaced with だめ (dame), can't it? |
| Naomi: あ、そうですね。(A, sō desu ne.) That's what the father said to his daughter in the dialogue. 食べなくちゃだめ。(Tabenakucha dame.) |
| Kat: "You have to eat." |
| Naomi: Or you can stop the sentence at ちゃ (cha). |
| Kat: Ah, just like the daughter said in the dialogue. 気をつけなくちゃ。(Ki o tsukenakucha.) You have to be careful. |
| Naomi: はい。可愛いですよね。(Hai. Kawaii desu yo ne.) Sounds very cute. |
| Kat: Yes, it does. OK. Next, let's learn the colloquial way to say "shouldn't" . |
| Naomi: Which is 〜ちゃいけない (-cha ikenai). |
| Kat: Right. You may already know that 〜てはいけない (-te wa ikenai) is "shouldn't." And this ては (te wa) becomes ちゃ (cha). |
| Naomi: So, 走ってはいけない (hashitte wa ikenai) |
| Kat: “You shouldn't run.” |
| Naomi: becomes 走っちゃいけない (hashitcha ikenai). 笑ってはいけない (Waratte wa ikenai) |
| Kat: “You shouldn't laugh.” |
| Naomi: becomes 笑っちゃいけない (waratcha ikenai) |
| Kat: OK. So can we have a sample sentence? |
| Naomi: はい。タバコを吸っちゃいけない。(Hai. Tabako o sutcha ikenai.) |
| Kat: “You shouldn't smoke.” OK listeners, listen and repeat. |
| Naomi: タバコを吸っちゃいけない。(Tabako o sutcha ikenai.) |
| Kat: (pause) So Naomi-sensei, did you do chores or jobs around the house when you were child? |
| Naomi: えー、子供の時？わ〜、なんだろう。。。えー…ああ！休みの日、庭を掃除しなくちゃいけなかったです。(Ē, kodomo no toki? Wā, nan darō… Ē… ā! Yasumi no hi, niwa o sōji shinakucha ikenakatta desu.) |
| Kat: Ah, so you had to tidy up the garden on weekends to do some gardenings. |
| Naomi: そう。キャットさんは、何をしなくちゃいけませんでしたか。(Sō. Kyatto-san wa, nani o shinakucha ikemasen deshita ka.) |
| Kat: えっと、なんでしょうね。 自分の部屋を片付けなくちゃいけなかったです。それだけ！(Etto, nan deshō ne. Jibun no heya o katazukenakucha ikenakatta desu. Sore dake!) |
| Naomi: あ、それだけ？(A, sore dake?) |
| Kat: はい。(Hai.) So all I had to do was tidy up my own room which was really small for the record ...お母さん大変だったかな。。。(O-kā-san taihen datta ka na…) I feel really sorry for my mom! |
| Naomi: ま、お勉強一生懸命してたんですよね。(Ma, o-benkyō isshō kenmei shite ta n desu yo ne.) |
| Kat: あ...はい。(A… hai.) |
| Naomi: You studied hard. |
| Kat: Am...Yes...Of course. |
| Naomi: じゃ、リスナーの皆さんはどうですか。子供のとき、何をしなくちゃいけませんでしたか。教えてください。(Ja, risunā no mina-san wa dō desu ka. Kodomo no toki, nani o shinakucha ikemasen deshita ka. Oshiete kudasai.) |
| Kat: Yes, how about you, listeners? What did you have to do when you were a child around the house? Please let us know in the comments. |
| Naomi: じゃ、また。(Ja, mata.) |
| Kat: Bye! See you next time! |
Outro |
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