Learn about contracted Japanese expressions
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Naomi: なおみです。(Naomi desu.) |
| Kat: Kat here. This Japanese is Easy to Say. In this lesson you'll learn colloquial terms that will make your Japanese sounds natural. |
| Naomi: 短縮形を勉強します。(Tanshukukei o benkyō shimasu.) |
| Kat: We'll introduce contracted forms. This conversation takes place at? |
| Naomi: うちです。(Uchi desu.) |
| Kat: At home. The conversation is between a father and his 4 year old daughter. |
| Naomi: そうですね。お父さんと娘さんの会話です。(Sō desu ne. O-tō-san to musume-san no kaiwa desu.) |
| Kat: And since it's a conversation between a father and a daughter, you'll hear informal Japanese. |
| Naomi: では、聞いてみましょう。(Dewa, kiite mimashō.) |
| Kat: So let’s listen to the conversation. |
| DIALOGUE |
| お父さん (o-tō-san) : あ、割っちゃった。(A, watchatta.) |
| 娘 (musume) : パパ、コップ割っちゃったの？気をつけなくちゃ。(Papa, koppu watchatta no? Ki o tsukenakucha.) |
| お父さん (o-tō-san) : はいはい。風歌、早くご飯食べちゃいなさい。(Hai hai. Fūka, hayaku gohan tabechainasai.) |
| 娘 (musume) : いらない。(Iranai.) |
| お父さん (o-tō-san) : おなかすいちゃうよ。食べなくちゃだめ。(Onaka suichau yo. Tabenakucha dame.) |
| 娘 (musume) : やだ、やだ、やだ。(Yada, yada, yada.) |
| お父さん (o-tō-san) : わかった、わかった。じゃ、保育園に行こう。(Wakatta, wakatta. Ja, hoikuen ni ikō.) |
| 娘 (musume) : やだ！(Yada!) |
| お父さん (o-tō-san) : 風歌。パパ、会社に遅刻しちゃうよ。(Fūka. Papa, kaisha ni chikoku shichau yo.) |
| 娘 (musume) : ママ、お仕事、行っちゃった？(Mama, o-shigoto, itchatta?) |
| お父さん (o-tō-san) : うん。だから、パパ、嵐と風歌を保育園に連れて行かなくちゃいけないんだ。(Un. Dakara, papa, Arashi to Fūka o hoikuen ni tsurete ikanakucha ikenai n da.) |
| 娘 (musume) : やだ。パパ嫌い。(Yada. Papa kirai.) |
| お父さん (o-tō-san) : 風歌！(Fūka!) |
| Naomi: もう一度、会話を聞いてください。今度はゆっくり話します。(Mō ichi-do, kaiwa o kiite kudasai. Kondo wa yukkuri hanashimasu.) |
| お父さん (o-tō-san) : あ、割っちゃった。(A, watchatta.) |
| 娘 (musume) : パパ、コップ割っちゃったの？気をつけなくちゃ。(Papa, koppu watchatta no? Ki o tsukenakucha.) |
| お父さん (o-tō-san) : はいはい。風歌、早くご飯食べちゃいなさい。(Hai hai. Fūka, hayaku gohan tabechainasai.) |
| 娘 (musume) : いらない。(Iranai.) |
| お父さん (o-tō-san) : おなかすいちゃうよ。食べなくちゃだめ。(Onaka suichau yo. Tabenakucha dame.) |
| 娘 (musume) : やだ、やだ、やだ。(Yada, yada, yada.) |
| お父さん (o-tō-san) : わかった、わかった。じゃ、保育園に行こう。(Wakatta, wakatta. Ja, hoikuen ni ikō.) |
| 娘 (musume) : やだ！(Yada!) |
| お父さん (o-tō-san) : 風歌。パパ、会社に遅刻しちゃうよ。(Fūka. Papa, kaisha ni chikoku shichau yo.) |
| 娘 (musume) : ママ、お仕事、行っちゃった？(Mama, o-shigoto, itchatta?) |
| お父さん (o-tō-san) : うん。だから、パパ、嵐と風歌を保育園に連れて行かなくちゃいけないんだ。(Un. Dakara, papa, Arashi to Fūka o hoikuen ni tsurete ikanakucha ikenai n da.) |
| 娘 (musume) : やだ。パパ嫌い。(Yada. Papa kirai.) |
| お父さん (o-tō-san) : 風歌！(Fūka!) |
| Naomi: 今度は、英語の訳と一緒に聞いてみましょう。(Kondo wa, Eigo no yaku to issho ni kiite mimashō.) |
| お父さん (o-tō-san) : あ、割っちゃった。(A, watchatta.) |
| Kat: Ah, I broke it. |
| 娘 (musume) : パパ、コップ割っちゃったの？気をつけなくちゃ。(Papa, koppu watchatta no? Ki o tsukenakucha.) |
| Kat: Daddy, did you break the cup? You have to be careful. |
| お父さん (o-tō-san) : はいはい。風歌、早くご飯食べちゃいなさい。(Hai hai. Fūka, hayaku gohan tabechainasai.) |
| Kat: I know, I know. Fūka, hurry up and finish eating your food. |
| 娘 (musume) : いらない。(Iranai.) |
| Kat: I don't want it. |
| お父さん (o-tō-san) : おなかすいちゃうよ。食べなくちゃだめ。(Onaka suichau yo. Tabenakucha dame.) |
| Kat: You'll get hungry. You have to eat. |
| 娘 (musume) : やだ、やだ、やだ。(Yada, yada, yada.) |
| Kat: No, no, no. |
| お父さん (o-tō-san) : わかった、わかった。じゃ、保育園に行こう。(Wakatta, wakatta. Ja, hoikuen ni ikō.) |
| Kat: All right, all right. So let's go to the nursery. |
| 娘 (musume) : やだ！(Yada!) |
| Kat: No! |
| お父さん (o-tō-san) : 風歌。パパ、会社に遅刻しちゃうよ。(Fūka. Papa, kaisha ni chikoku shichau yo.) |
| Kat: Fūka. Daddy will be late for work. |
| 娘 (musume) : ママ、お仕事、行っちゃった？(Mama, o-shigoto, itchatta?) |
| Kat: Has Mommy gone to work? |
| お父さん (o-tō-san) : うん。だから、パパ、嵐と風歌を保育園に連れて行かなくちゃいけないんだ。(Un. Dakara, papa, Arashi to Fūka o hoikuen ni tsurete ikanakucha ikenai n da.) |
| Kat: Yeah. So Daddy has to take Arashi and Fūka to nursery. |
| 娘 (musume) : やだ。パパ嫌い。(Yada. Papa kirai.) |
| Kat: No. I hate Daddy. |
| お父さん (o-tō-san) : 風歌！(Fūka!) |
| Kat: Fūka! |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Naomi: お父さん、大変そうですね。(O-tō-san, taihen sō desu ne.) |
| Kat: Yes, it does look like a tough job being a dad! To be told パパ嫌い (papa kirai), I hate you daddy! by your 4-year-old daughter... poor お父さん (o-tō-san)! |
| Naomi: 頑張っているのにねぇ。(Gabatte iru no ni nee.) |
| Kat: Even though he's trying his best! |
| Naomi: この前友達の家に行ったんですが、友達と、友達の娘さんに会いました。友達の娘は、ずっと、「いや！」とか 「やだ！」と言っていましたね。(Kono mae tomodachi no uchi ni itta n desu ga, tomodachi to, tomodachi no musume-san ni aimashita. Tomodachi no musume wa, zutto, “Iya!” toka “Yada!” to itte imashita ne.) |
| Kat: So a while ago you visited your friend's home and your friend's daughter was like Fuka in the dialogue, and just kept saying "Iya", "No!" or "Yada", "I don't want to!"? |
| Naomi: そうそうそう。(Sō sō sō.) |
| Kat: The whole time? |
| Naomi: そうです。多分やだやだ period だと思うんですけど。(Sō desu. Tabun yada yada “period” da to omou n desu kedo.) |
| Kat: I think 2 or 3 year-old have that quite commonly, yeah. |
| Naomi: はい。まぁそれを見て、このダイアログを書きました。 (Hai. Mā sore o mite, kono daiarogu o kakimashita.) |
| Kat: Ah! So you were kind of inspired by your friend's daughter then. |
| Naomi: はい、そうです。(Hai, sō desu.) |
| Kat: I see. By the way, in the dialogue Fuka kept saying やだ (yada) which means "I don't want to" or "No way", but やだ (yada) was originally いやだ (iya da), right? |
| Naomi: そうです。(Sō desu.) This is the word いや (iya) plus the copula だ (da). In a very casual conversation い (i) is often dropped. So we get やだ！(Yada!) |
| Kat: Sometimes we hear it without the だ (da) at the end. So you get いや！(Iya!) or simply や！(Ya!) Naomi: That sounds so cute. It sounds very childish though. |
| Kat: Um. So of course, you can't use いや！ (Iya!) in a business setting or even probably with your kind of adult friends. |
| Naomi: そうですね。無理ですね。(Sō desu ne. Muri desu ne.) |
| Kat: So definitely not no. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Kat: OK so now, let's take a look at the vocabulary for this lesson. |
| And the first word we are going to see is: |
| Naomi: 割る (waru) [natural native speed] |
| Kat: to break, to divide, to cut |
| Naomi: 割る (waru) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Naomi: 割る (waru) [natural native speed] |
| Kat: And next: |
| Naomi: コップ (koppu) [natural native speed] |
| Kat: glass, tumbler |
| Naomi: コップ (koppu) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Naomi: コップ (koppu) [natural native speed] |
| Kat: OK. And next: |
| Naomi: 気をつける (ki o tsukeru) [natural native speed] |
| Kat: to be careful, to pay attention |
| Naomi: 気をつける (ki o tsukeru) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Naomi: 気をつける (ki o tsukeru) [natural native speed] |
| Kat: Next: |
| Naomi: いる (iru) [natural native speed] |
| Kat: to need, to want |
| Naomi: いる (iru) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Naomi: いる (iru) [natural native speed] |
| Kat: And finally: |
| Naomi: お腹がすく (onaka ga suku) [natural native speed] |
| Kat: to become hungry |
| Naomi: お腹がすく (onaka ga suku) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Naomi: お腹がすく (onaka ga suku) [natural native speed] |
| VOCAB AND PHRASE USAGE |
| Kat: OK. So now, let's have a closer look at the usage for some of the words and phrases from this lesson. And the first one we are going to look at is... |
| Naomi: コップ (koppu) |
| Kat: “a glass”, “a drinking glass” |
| Naomi: Whereas in Japanese we call a cup, カップ (kappu). |
| Kat: Right. It's a bit confusing so be careful. コップ (koppu) with a コ (ko) refers to glasses or tumblers, whereas カップ (kappu) with a カ (ka) refers to cups or mugs. |
| Naomi: I heard the word コップ (koppu) meaning glass originates from Dutch or Portuguese rather than English. |
| Kat: Um. There are a lot of words in Japanese which are written in katakana which are from European languages other than English... like for example, ペンキ (penki) for "paint", which is Dutch originally. |
| Naomi: うん。(Un.) |
| Kat: So just because you speak English doesn't mean you'll automatically know what every katakana word means! So be careful. By the way, Naomi-sensei. |
| Naomi: はい。(Hai.) |
| Kat: I've also heard people calling a glass, グラス (gurasu). グラス (gurasu) is also a common way of referring to a drinking glass, right? |
| Naomi: はい、そうです。(Hai, sō desu.) |
| Kat: OK. So the next item we are going to look at is? |
| Naomi: わかった、わかった。 (Wakatta, wakatta.) |
| Kat: “I know, I know.” Repeating the same word twice or more emphasizes the speaker’s feeling and gives the sentence rhythm like in English. |
| Naomi: はい、そうです。例えば、「ごめん、ごめん。」(Hai, sō desu. Tatoeba, “Gomen, gomen.”) |
| Kat: “Sorry. Sorry.” |
| Naomi: 違う、違う。(Chigau, chigau.) |
| Kat: "No, no, that's wrong." I can think of one more example actually. Which you use a lot in a conversation, Naomi-sensei. |
| Naomi: え？何々？(E? Nani nani?) What is it? |
| Kat: It’s そうそう。(Sō sō.) "That’s right. That’s right." |
| Naomi: あー、そうそう。よく使います。あのー私、よく使いますね。(Ā, sō sō. Yoku tsukaimasu. Anō watashi, yoku tsukaimasu ne.) I do it a lot. そうそうそうそう。(Sō sō sō sō.) |
Lesson focus |
|---|
| Kat: In this lesson you’ll learn how to sound more natural when speaking Japanese. |
| Naomi: 短い形。(Mijikai katachi.) Contracted forms を勉強します。(“Contracted forms” o benkyō shimasu.) |
| Kat: Yes. We'll introduce contracted forms, or easy-to-say forms. |
| Naomi: 今回は、自然な "should" や "shouldn't" の言い方を勉強します。まず最初に、"should”の言い方を勉強しましょう。(Konkai wa, shizen na “should” ya “shouldn’t” no iikata o benkyō shimasu. Mazu saisho ni, “should” no iikata o benkyō shimashō.) |
| Kat: First of all, you'll learn how to say "have to" or "should" in natural Japanese. |
| So far you’ve learned 〜なくてはいけない (-nakute wa ikenai) is "should" or "have to", right? Of course this is also a perfectly natural expression. However when people are speaking fast or casually, this 〜なくてはいけない (-nakute wa ikenai) becomes 〜なくちゃいけない (-nakucha ikenai). |
| Naomi: 例えば…。(Tatoeba…) For example, 行かなくてはいけない (ikanakute wa ikenai). |
| Kat: "I have to go" |
| Naomi: is said 行かなくちゃいけない (ikanakucha ikenai). |
| Kat: Let’s have one more. |
| Naomi: しなくてはいけない (shinakute wa ikenai) |
| Kat: "I have to do" |
| Naomi: becomes しなくちゃいけない (shinakucha ikenai). |
| Kat: Can we have a sample sentence? |
| Naomi: はい。朝ごはんを食べなくちゃいけない。(Hai. Asagohan o tabenakucha ikenai.) |
| Kat: "You have to eat breakfast." OK. Listeners, listen and repeat. |
| Naomi: 朝ごはんを食べなくちゃいけない。(Asagohan o tabenakucha ikenai.) |
| Kat: (pause) Now Naomi-sensei, the last part いけない (ikenai) can be replaced with だめ (dame), can't it? |
| Naomi: あ、そうですね。(A, sō desu ne.) That's what the father said to his daughter in the dialogue. 食べなくちゃだめ。(Tabenakucha dame.) |
| Kat: "You have to eat." |
| Naomi: Or you can stop the sentence at ちゃ (cha). |
| Kat: Ah, just like the daughter said in the dialogue. 気をつけなくちゃ。(Ki o tsukenakucha.) You have to be careful. |
| Naomi: はい。可愛いですよね。(Hai. Kawaii desu yo ne.) Sounds very cute. |
| Kat: Yes, it does. OK. Next, let's learn the colloquial way to say "shouldn't" . |
| Naomi: Which is 〜ちゃいけない (-cha ikenai). |
| Kat: Right. You may already know that 〜てはいけない (-te wa ikenai) is "shouldn't." And this ては (te wa) becomes ちゃ (cha). |
| Naomi: So, 走ってはいけない (hashitte wa ikenai) |
| Kat: “You shouldn't run.” |
| Naomi: becomes 走っちゃいけない (hashitcha ikenai). 笑ってはいけない (Waratte wa ikenai) |
| Kat: “You shouldn't laugh.” |
| Naomi: becomes 笑っちゃいけない (waratcha ikenai) |
| Kat: OK. So can we have a sample sentence? |
| Naomi: はい。タバコを吸っちゃいけない。(Hai. Tabako o sutcha ikenai.) |
| Kat: “You shouldn't smoke.” OK listeners, listen and repeat. |
| Naomi: タバコを吸っちゃいけない。(Tabako o sutcha ikenai.) |
| Kat: (pause) So Naomi-sensei, did you do chores or jobs around the house when you were child? |
| Naomi: えー、子供の時？わ〜、なんだろう。。。えー…ああ！休みの日、庭を掃除しなくちゃいけなかったです。(Ē, kodomo no toki? Wā, nan darō… Ē… ā! Yasumi no hi, niwa o sōji shinakucha ikenakatta desu.) |
| Kat: Ah, so you had to tidy up the garden on weekends to do some gardenings. |
| Naomi: そう。キャットさんは、何をしなくちゃいけませんでしたか。(Sō. Kyatto-san wa, nani o shinakucha ikemasen deshita ka.) |
| Kat: えっと、なんでしょうね。 自分の部屋を片付けなくちゃいけなかったです。それだけ！(Etto, nan deshō ne. Jibun no heya o katazukenakucha ikenakatta desu. Sore dake!) |
| Naomi: あ、それだけ？(A, sore dake?) |
| Kat: はい。(Hai.) So all I had to do was tidy up my own room which was really small for the record ...お母さん大変だったかな。。。(O-kā-san taihen datta ka na…) I feel really sorry for my mom! |
| Naomi: ま、お勉強一生懸命してたんですよね。(Ma, o-benkyō isshō kenmei shite ta n desu yo ne.) |
| Kat: あ...はい。(A… hai.) |
| Naomi: You studied hard. |
| Kat: Am...Yes...Of course. |
| Naomi: じゃ、リスナーの皆さんはどうですか。子供のとき、何をしなくちゃいけませんでしたか。教えてください。(Ja, risunā no mina-san wa dō desu ka. Kodomo no toki, nani o shinakucha ikemasen deshita ka. Oshiete kudasai.) |
| Kat: Yes, how about you, listeners? What did you have to do when you were a child around the house? Please let us know in the comments. |
| Naomi: じゃ、また。(Ja, mata.) |
| Kat: Bye! See you next time! |
Outro |
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Comments
Hideみなさん,
Don't you feel sorry for Fuka's father? :lol:
Good afternoon,
I guess I could give a little hint for foreigners who might not tell the difference between コップ and カップ. The first one (kappu) seems to be a cognate with the Portuguese word for "glass" (copo). Its pronunciation is very similar, except for the lack of the stop sound in the Portuguese word. Maybe it's a loan word from that language?
Linneaさん
こんにちは。
いつもコメントありがとうございます😊
とてもいい文ですね！
*パソコンをこわしちゃいました。
割る（わる）means to crack or break into pieces, so you could also say
パソコンの画面を割っちゃいました, I cracked the screen of my computer.
Please let us know if you have any questions:)
Sincerely,
Miho
Team JapanesePod101.com
噓をついちゃダメですよ。
朝ごはんを食べるのを忘れたので、おなかがすいちゃいました。
一人では、海で泳いじゃいけませんよ。
パソコンをわちゃいました。
お酒を飲んじゃって、母は怒ってた。
Ukasyahさん
こんにちは！
質問ありがとうございます😊
〜なくちゃ and 〜なきゃ have no difference to use.
Just their original phrases are different, 〜なくちゃ is from 〜なくては(いけない) and 〜なきゃ is from 〜なければ(ならない).
Hope you enjoy learning Japanese with us:)
Sincerely,
Miho
Team JapanesePod101.com
こんにちは！
質問あります！
"なくちゃ"と"なきゃ"何違いますか?
Ashutosh Akkoleさん
こんにちは！
コメントどうもありがとうございます。
Good sentences👍
There's just one point of correction.
*勉強しなくちゃいけなかった。
Please let us know if you have any further question:)
Sincerely,
Miho
Team JapanesePod101.com
勉強しなくちゃいけないだった。さらにじゅくいかなくちゃだめだった
それだけです。😅
ねこロバー06🐈さん
コメントありがとうございます😄
Please let us know if you have any questions :)
Sincerely
りょうま（Ryoma）
Team JapanesePod101.com
かわいそうはるや🥺💔😭
「はるやじゃないですね🤔🙄😅」
そいえば、いな父をなりったのねぇ~👨👩👧👦💖😊
Oscarさん
コメントありがとうございます😄
rayaneさん
Thank you for your question😄
In casual conversation, なければ can be changed to なきゃ, and なくては can be changed to なくちゃ, respectively.
https://www.japanesepod101.com/lesson/beginner-lesson-s2-52-permission-to-marry-your-daughter-2/
Thank you for studying with us!
Sincerely,
Erica
Team JapanesePod101.com
Hello, i don't understand where in つけなくちゃ the "なくちゃ" comes from? I've never seen verbs like that?
風歌ちゃんかわいいすぎる
Hi Pablo,
Thank you for your comment!
割れた, past tense of the verb 割れる is an intransitive verb, which is used
when the actions happens naturally and was beyond one's control.
It can be used, for example, when an earthquake occurred and a vase dropped from a table and broke.
So in this dialogue, if he drop and broke the cup, we should use the verb 割る,
even though he didn't intention it. Because HE broke it and it was controllable.
Then 割っちゃった expresses his feelings of regret and bad luck.
Let us know if you have any question:)
Sincerely,
Miho
Team JapanesePod101.com
こんにちは！
I really don't get where does the 割っちゃった sentence comme from :/
I thought the past tense of 割る was 割った, eventually if someone wouldn't accept he broke it, I thought we should use 割れた
I'm so confused.
Arielさん
質問（しつもん）ありがとうございます😄
Yes, it is tabeteshimainasai👍
Please let us know if you have any questions :)
Sincerely
Ryoma
Team JapanesePod101.com
Hi, thank you for the lessons!
I have a question, in the dialouge Fuuka's dad said "tabechai nasai, fuuka"
What is the original form of tabechai nasai? Is it tabeteshimainasai?
Thank you very much
Rassulさん
質問（しつもん）ありがとうございます😄
Yes, you're right. They both mean "do not swim here."
To say "have to," it has to be 〜なくてはならない.
Alecさん
Thank you so so much for your kind comment😁
Please let us know if you have any questions :)
Sincerely
Ryoma
Team JapanesePod101.com
👍👍a very useful lessono
Dear Japanesepod101.com team,
Thank you very much for the great lessons. I have a question,
Does the following sentences mean:Do not swim here?
1. Koko de oyoide wa naranai.
ここで 泳いでは ならない。
2. Koko de oyoija naranai.
ここで 泳いじゃ ならない。
I am sorry, I have an image of naranai like have to. Could you please explain this part?
Thank you very much
Hi Ai,
Thank you for the question!
Yes.
なくてはいけない have to
てはいけない may not
For example,
やさいをたべなくてはいけない You have to eat vegetables.
にくをたべてはいけない You may not eat meat.
You can learn details in these lessons.
https://www.japanesepod101.com/lesson/beginner-lesson-s4-15-cans-and-cants-asking-for-and-giving-permission/?lp=110
https://www.japanesepod101.com/lesson/beginner-lesson-s5-5-you-should-do-what-this-person-says-in-japanese/?lp=111
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Erica
Team JapanesePod101.com