Learn how to use two Japanese words that mean "only" - dake and shika
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Naomi: なおみです。(Naomi desu.) |
| Peter: Peter here. Taking Baby Steps in a Japanese Kitchen. In this lesson, you will learn how to say "only" in Japanese. |
| Naomi: Right. Such as だけ (dake) and しか (shika). |
| Peter: What's the setting of this conversation? |
| Naomi: テレビの料理番組です。(Terebi no ryōri bangumi desu.) |
| Peter: It's a cooking show on T.V. |
| Naomi: 近森 渉さんが、豆腐のレシピを紹介しています。(Chikamori Wataru-san ga, tōfu no reshipi o shōkai shite imasu.) |
| Peter: The show host Wataru Chikamori is explaining how to make a tofu dish. He is talking to the TV audience, so he uses |
| Naomi: 丁寧な日本語 (teinei na Nihon-go) |
| Peter: Formal Japanese. |
| Naomi: では、聞きましょう。(Dewa, kikimashō.) |
| Peter: Let's listen to the conversation! |
| DIALOGUE |
| (Cooking show) |
| 近森 渡 (Chikamori Wataru) : 皆さん、ワタルのワクワククッキングの時間です。(Mina-san, Wataru no wakuwaku kukkingu no jikan desu.) |
| : 今日は、豆腐料理を紹介します。一分以内で作れますよ。(Kyō wa, tōfu ryōri o shōkai shimasu. Ippun inai de tsukuremasu yo.) |
| : 材料は三つだけ。豆腐、塩、オリーブオイルしか使いません。(Zairyō wa mittsu dake. Tōfu, shio, orību oiru shika tsukaimasen.) |
| : 作り方はとても簡単です。(Tsukurikata wa totemo kantan desu.) |
| : まず、豆腐をパックから出します。(Mazu, tōfu o pakku kara dashimasu.) |
| : 次に、塩をかけます。(Tsugi ni, shio o kakemasu.) |
| : 最後に、オリーブオイルをかけます。(Saigo ni, orību oiru o kakemasu.) |
| : これだけです。材料費は百円以内。(Kore dake desu. Zairyōhi wa hyaku-en inai.) |
| : あ、わさびを豆腐の上にのせてもいいですよ。(A, wasabi o tōfu no ue ni nosete mo ii desu yo.) |
| : 今夜、是非作ってください。(Kon’ya, zehi tsukutte kudasai.) |
| Naomi: もう一度、お願いします。今度はゆっくりお願いします。(Mō ichi-do, onegai shimasu. Kondo wa yukkuri onegai shimasu.) |
| 近森 渡 (Chikamori Wataru) : 皆さん、ワタルのワクワククッキングの時間です。(Mina-san, Wataru no wakuwaku kukkingu no jikan desu.) |
| : 今日は、豆腐料理を紹介します。一分以内で作れますよ。(Kyō wa, tōfu ryōri o shōkai shimasu. Ippun inai de tsukuremasu yo.) |
| : 材料は三つだけ。豆腐、塩、オリーブオイルしか使いません。(Zairyō wa mittsu dake. Tōfu, shio, orību oiru shika tsukaimasen.) |
| : 作り方はとても簡単です。(Tsukurikata wa totemo kantan desu.) |
| : まず、豆腐をパックから出します。(Mazu, tōfu o pakku kara dashimasu.) |
| : 次に、塩をかけます。(Tsugi ni, shio o kakemasu.) |
| : 最後に、オリーブオイルをかけます。(Saigo ni, orību oiru o kakemasu.) |
| : これだけです。材料費は百円以内。(Kore dake desu. Zairyōhi wa hyaku-en inai.) |
| : あ、わさびを豆腐の上にのせてもいいですよ。(A, wasabi o tōfu no ue ni nosete mo ii desu yo.) |
| : 今夜、是非作ってください。(Kon’ya, zehi tsukutte kudasai.) |
| Naomi: 今度は、英語が入ります。(Kondo wa, Eigo ga hairimasu.) |
| 近森 渡 (Chikamori Wataru) : 皆さん、ワタルのワクワククッキングの時間です。(Mina-san, Wataru no wakuwaku kukkingu no jikan desu.) |
| Everyone! It's time for Wataru's Fun Exciting Cooking Show! |
| : 今日は、豆腐料理を紹介します。(Kyō wa, tōfu ryōri o shōkai shimasu.) |
| Today, I'm going to present a tofu dish. |
| : 一分以内で作れますよ。(Ippun inai de tsukuremasu yo.) |
| You can make it in under a minute! |
| : 材料は三つだけ。(Zairyō wa mittsu dake.) |
| There are only three ingredients. |
| : 豆腐、塩、オリーブオイルしか使いません。(Tōfu, shio, orību oiru shika tsukaimasen.) |
| We're only going to use tofu, salt, and olive oil. |
| : 作り方はとても簡単です。(Tsukurikata wa totemo kantan desu.) |
| It's very easy to make. |
| : まず、豆腐をパックから出します。(Mazu, tōfu o pakku kara dashimasu.) |
| First, take the tofu out of the package. |
| : 次に、塩をかけます。(Tsugi ni, shio o kakemasu.) |
| Next, sprinkle some salt on it. |
| : 最後に、オリーブオイルをかけます。(Saigo ni, orību oiru o kakemasu.) |
| And lastly, pour some olive oil on it. |
| : これだけです。(Kore dake desu.) |
| That's it! |
| : 材料費は百円以内。(Zairyōhi wa hyaku-en inai.) |
| The cost of the ingredients is one hundred yen or less! |
| : あ、わさびを豆腐の上にのせてもいいですよ。(A, wasabi o tōfu no ue ni nosete mo ii desu yo.) |
| You can also add some wasabi on the top. |
| : 今夜、是非作ってください。(Kon’ya, zehi tsukutte kudasai.) |
| Please try making it tonight! |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Peter: Wow, Naomi-sensei. Sounds like one of your dishes! |
| Naomi: 有名なレシピですよ、でも。(Yūmei na reshipi desu yo, demo.) It's a very famous recipe. あの、おいしいです。このレシピ。(Ano, oishii desu. Kono reshipi.) |
| Peter: So this dish is good? |
| Naomi: うん、そう。(Un, sō.) You’re right. よく作ります。(Yoku tsukurimasu.) |
| Peter: So you make it often. |
| Naomi: はい。(Hai.) I wouldn't really call it 料理 (ryōri). |
| Peter: 私も。(Watashi mo.) I really wouldn’t call it 料理 (ryōri) either, but... |
| Naomi: But it's easy, healthy and tasty. 簡単で健康的でおいしいです。(Kantan de kenkōteki de oishii desu.) And most important thing is, Quick. 早いです。でも、ポイントはいい豆腐といいオリーブオイルといいお塩を使わなくてはいけない。(Hayai desu. Demo, pointo wa ii tōfu to ii orību oiru to ii o-shio o tsukawanakute wa ikenai.) |
| Peter: So you are saying that the quality of Tofu, olive oil and salt has to be good. |
| Naomi: そうです。だって、そのまま食べるから。(Sō desu. Datte, sono mama taberu kara.) |
| Peter: So you’re just gathering things. |
| Naomi: Right. みなさんも、是非作ってください。(Mina-san mo, zehi tsukutte kudasai.) |
| Peter: 是非、集めてください。(Zehi, atsumete kudasai.) So, definitely gather those things. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Peter: OK. Let's take a look at the vocabulary for this lesson. |
| The first word is: |
| 料理 (ryōri) [natural native speed] |
| cooking, cuisine, dish, food |
| 料理 (ryōri) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| 料理 (ryōri) [natural native speed] |
| Next: |
| 以内 (inai) [natural native speed] |
| within, less than |
| 以内 (inai) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| 以内 (inai) [natural native speed] |
| Next: |
| かける (kakeru) [natural native speed] |
| to pour, to sprinkle, to dust |
| かける (kakeru) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| かける (kakeru) [natural native speed] |
| Next: |
| のせる (noseru) [natural native speed] |
| to place on |
| のせる (noseru) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| のせる (noseru) [natural native speed] |
| Next: |
| 是非 (zehi) [natural native speed] |
| certainly, by all means, please |
| 是非 (zehi) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| 是非 (zehi) [natural native speed] |
| VOCAB AND PHRASE USAGE |
| Peter: Let's have a closer look at the usage for some of the words and phrases from this lesson. Naomi-sensei. What do we have first? |
| Naomi: わくわく (wakuwaku) |
| Peter: "exciting" |
| Naomi: 擬態語ですね～。(Gitai-go desu nē.) |
| Peter: Right. わくわく (wakuwaku) is 擬態語 (gitai-go) or onomatopoeia. When do you use it? |
| Naomi: いいことが起こる、と思っているときですね。(Ii koto ga okoru, to omotte iru toki desu ne.) |
| Peter: When you are expecting something good to happen. |
| Naomi: Right. ワクワクします。(Wakuwaku shimasu.) |
| Peter: "It's exciting" or "I'm excited." For more information on onomatopoeia, check out our onomatopoeia series! |
| Naomi: はい、お願いします。(Hai, onegai shimasu.) |
| Peter: What's next? |
| Naomi: 是非 (zehi) |
| Peter: "by all means." Zehi expresses the speaker's strong desire, so it's often used when making an invitation or request. |
| Naomi: そうですね。(Sō desu ne.) Here's a sample sentence. 是非 家に来てください。(Zehi uchi ni kite kudasai.) |
| Peter: “By all means, please visit our place.” |
| Naomi: Of course 家に来てください (uchi ni kite kudasai) is a perfect sentence, but if you add 是非 (zehi) in front, it sounds like you're really welcoming the listener. |
| Peter: Or you really mean it. |
| Naomi: うん、そうですね。(Un, sō desu ne.) |
| Peter: OK. Finally, let's look at some useful expressions for explaining the steps or procedure of doing something. |
| Naomi: Peter. |
| Peter: Yes. |
| Naomi: You've just used the word "finally", right? "Finally" or "lastly" in Japanese is .. 最後に (saigo ni). |
| Peter: 最後に (saigo ni)? Ah, 最後 (saigo) means last, right? |
| Naomi: うん、そうですね。(Un, sō desu ne.) Right. When you add に (ni) to it, it becomes the phrase "lastly" or "finally", 最後に (saigo ni). |
| Peter: How do you say "first of all" or "first" then? |
| Naomi: まず (mazu) or 最初に (saisho ni). |
| Peter: OK. Can we hear them one more time? "First”, “first of all"? |
| Naomi: まず (mazu) or 最初に (saisho ni). |
| Peter: “Lastly”? |
| Naomi: 最後に (saigo ni) |
| Peter: OK. On to the grammar point. |
Lesson focus |
|---|
| Peter: The focus of this lesson is how to say "only" in Japanese. |
| Naomi: There are two ways to say "only" in Japanese, which are だけ (dake) and しか (shika). |
| Peter: However, we'll just focus on the usage of しか (shika) meaning "only" or "nothing but" in the audio portion. |
| Naomi: Remember, しか (shika) is always followed by a negative. しか (shika) such and such ない (nai) means "only". |
| Peter: So しか (shika) and ない (nai) are a set and mean "only". |
| Naomi: そうです。(Sō desu.) |
| Peter: 最初に (saisho ni), first of all, let's do some examples. How do you say "I eat vegetables"? |
| Naomi: 野菜を食べる (yasai o taberu) |
| Peter: To say "I only eat vegetables" or "I eat nothing but vegetables", attach しか (shika) to the object. |
| Naomi: 野菜しか (yasai shika) |
| Peter: Notice that the particle を (o) is replaced by しか (shika), 野菜しか (yasai shika). Then change the verb 食べる (taberu) into the negative. |
| Naomi: 食べない (tabenai), so… 野菜しか食べない。(Yasai shika tabenai.) |
| Peter: “I only eat vegetables" "I eat nothing but vegetables" Let's do one more example. How do you say “I can read hiragana"? |
| Naomi: “To be able to read”, or “can read” is 読める (yomeru). So...ひらがなが読める。(Hiragana ga yomeru.) |
| Peter: Let's say "I can only read hiragana" or "I can read nothing but hiragana." |
| Naomi: Replace が (ga) with しか (shika). So...ひらがなしか (hiragana shika). |
| Peter: Then change the verb 読める (yomeru), to the negative. |
| Naomi: 読めない (yomenai), so...ひらがなしか読めない。(Hiragana shika yomenai.) |
| Peter: "I can read nothing but hiragana" "I can only read hiragana," OK, listen and repeat. |
| Naomi: ひらがなしか読めない。(Hiragana shika yomenai.) |
| Peter: [pause] Say "I can only read hiragana" in Japanese. |
| Naomi: [pause] ひらがなしか読めない。(Hiragana shika yomenai.) |
| Peter: Let's review this grammar with a quiz. |
| Naomi: いいですね。(Ii desu ne.) Good idea. |
| Peter: How do you say "I understand English"? |
| Naomi: 英語がわかる。(Eigo ga wakaru.) |
| Peter: Say "I only understand English"? |
| [pause] Here's a hint. The negative form of わかる (wakaru) is わからない (wakaranai). |
| [pause] OK. Naomi-sensei, how do you say "I only understand English" or "I understand nothing but English"? |
| Naomi: 英語しかわからない。(Eigo shika wakaranai.) |
| Peter: Ah, Naomi-sensei? Can I ask you a question? |
| Naomi: はい。(Hai.) |
| Peter: Why would someone say “I understand only English” in Japanese? |
| Naomi: Haha… |
| Peter: And if you’re thinking out there, well.. They can use this phrase to explain that they don't speak Japanese. This is a very complicated phrase, and there is an easy way to say “I don’t speak Japanese.” Anyways, let’s change to “I only speak Japanese.” |
| [Pause] |
| Naomi: 日本語しかわからない。(Nihon-go shika wakaranai.) |
| Peter: “I understand nothing but Japanese.” |
| Naomi: So how did you do? 最後にお願いがあります。(Saigo ni onegai ga arimasu.) Lastly, we have a favor to ask. |
| Peter: There's a write up about the usage of だけ (dake), meaning "only". So please make sure to read the lesson notes. |
| Naomi: お願いします。(Onegai shimasu.) |
| Peter: That’s going to do it. |
| Naomi: じゃ、また。(Ja, mata.) |
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