INTRODUCTION |
Naomi: ใชใใฟใงใใ(Naomi desu.) |
Peter: Peter here. Taking Baby Steps in a Japanese Kitchen. In this lesson, you will learn how to say "only" in Japanese. |
Naomi: Right. Such as ใ ใ (dake) and ใใ (shika). |
Peter: What's the setting of this conversation? |
Naomi: ใใฌใใฎๆ็็ช็ตใงใใ(Terebi no ryลri bangumi desu.) |
Peter: It's a cooking show on T.V. |
Naomi: ่ฟๆฃฎ ๆธใใใใ่ฑ่
ใฎใฌใทใใ็ดนไปใใฆใใพใใ(Chikamori Wataru-san ga, tลfu no reshipi o shลkai shite imasu.) |
Peter: The show host Wataru Chikamori is explaining how to make a tofu dish. He is talking to the TV audience, so he uses |
Naomi: ไธๅฏงใชๆฅๆฌ่ช (teinei na Nihon-go) |
Peter: Formal Japanese. |
Naomi: ใงใฏใ่ใใพใใใใ(Dewa, kikimashล.) |
Peter: Let's listen to the conversation! |
DIALOGUE |
(Cooking show) |
่ฟๆฃฎ ๆธก (Chikamori Wataru) : ็ใใใใฏใฟใซใฎใฏใฏใฏใฏใฏใใญใณใฐใฎๆ้ใงใใ(Mina-san, Wataru no wakuwaku kukkingu no jikan desu.) |
: ไปๆฅใฏใ่ฑ่
ๆ็ใ็ดนไปใใพใใไธๅไปฅๅ
ใงไฝใใพใใใ(Kyล wa, tลfu ryลri o shลkai shimasu. Ippun inai de tsukuremasu yo.) |
: ๆๆใฏไธใคใ ใใ่ฑ่
ใๅกฉใใชใชใผใใชใคใซใใไฝฟใใพใใใ(Zairyล wa mittsu dake. Tลfu, shio, orฤซbu oiru shika tsukaimasen.) |
: ไฝใๆนใฏใจใฆใ็ฐกๅใงใใ(Tsukurikata wa totemo kantan desu.) |
: ใพใใ่ฑ่
ใใใใฏใใๅบใใพใใ(Mazu, tลfu o pakku kara dashimasu.) |
: ๆฌกใซใๅกฉใใใใพใใ(Tsugi ni, shio o kakemasu.) |
: ๆๅพใซใใชใชใผใใชใคใซใใใใพใใ(Saigo ni, orฤซbu oiru o kakemasu.) |
: ใใใ ใใงใใๆๆ่ฒปใฏ็พๅไปฅๅ
ใ(Kore dake desu. Zairyลhi wa hyaku-en inai.) |
: ใใใใใณใ่ฑ่
ใฎไธใซใฎใใฆใใใใงใใใ(A, wasabi o tลfu no ue ni nosete mo ii desu yo.) |
: ไปๅคใๆฏ้ไฝใฃใฆใใ ใใใ(Konโya, zehi tsukutte kudasai.) |
Naomi: ใใไธๅบฆใใ้กใใใพใใไปๅบฆใฏใใฃใใใ้กใใใพใใ(Mล ichi-do, onegai shimasu. Kondo wa yukkuri onegai shimasu.) |
่ฟๆฃฎ ๆธก (Chikamori Wataru) : ็ใใใใฏใฟใซใฎใฏใฏใฏใฏใฏใใญใณใฐใฎๆ้ใงใใ(Mina-san, Wataru no wakuwaku kukkingu no jikan desu.) |
: ไปๆฅใฏใ่ฑ่
ๆ็ใ็ดนไปใใพใใไธๅไปฅๅ
ใงไฝใใพใใใ(Kyล wa, tลfu ryลri o shลkai shimasu. Ippun inai de tsukuremasu yo.) |
: ๆๆใฏไธใคใ ใใ่ฑ่
ใๅกฉใใชใชใผใใชใคใซใใไฝฟใใพใใใ(Zairyล wa mittsu dake. Tลfu, shio, orฤซbu oiru shika tsukaimasen.) |
: ไฝใๆนใฏใจใฆใ็ฐกๅใงใใ(Tsukurikata wa totemo kantan desu.) |
: ใพใใ่ฑ่
ใใใใฏใใๅบใใพใใ(Mazu, tลfu o pakku kara dashimasu.) |
: ๆฌกใซใๅกฉใใใใพใใ(Tsugi ni, shio o kakemasu.) |
: ๆๅพใซใใชใชใผใใชใคใซใใใใพใใ(Saigo ni, orฤซbu oiru o kakemasu.) |
: ใใใ ใใงใใๆๆ่ฒปใฏ็พๅไปฅๅ
ใ(Kore dake desu. Zairyลhi wa hyaku-en inai.) |
: ใใใใใณใ่ฑ่
ใฎไธใซใฎใใฆใใใใงใใใ(A, wasabi o tลfu no ue ni nosete mo ii desu yo.) |
: ไปๅคใๆฏ้ไฝใฃใฆใใ ใใใ(Konโya, zehi tsukutte kudasai.) |
Naomi: ไปๅบฆใฏใ่ฑ่ชใๅ
ฅใใพใใ(Kondo wa, Eigo ga hairimasu.) |
่ฟๆฃฎ ๆธก (Chikamori Wataru) : ็ใใใใฏใฟใซใฎใฏใฏใฏใฏใฏใใญใณใฐใฎๆ้ใงใใ(Mina-san, Wataru no wakuwaku kukkingu no jikan desu.) |
Everyone! It's time for Wataru's Fun Exciting Cooking Show! |
: ไปๆฅใฏใ่ฑ่
ๆ็ใ็ดนไปใใพใใ(Kyล wa, tลfu ryลri o shลkai shimasu.) |
Today, I'm going to present a tofu dish. |
: ไธๅไปฅๅ
ใงไฝใใพใใใ(Ippun inai de tsukuremasu yo.) |
You can make it in under a minute! |
: ๆๆใฏไธใคใ ใใ(Zairyล wa mittsu dake.) |
There are only three ingredients. |
: ่ฑ่
ใๅกฉใใชใชใผใใชใคใซใใไฝฟใใพใใใ(Tลfu, shio, orฤซbu oiru shika tsukaimasen.) |
We're only going to use tofu, salt, and olive oil. |
: ไฝใๆนใฏใจใฆใ็ฐกๅใงใใ(Tsukurikata wa totemo kantan desu.) |
It's very easy to make. |
: ใพใใ่ฑ่
ใใใใฏใใๅบใใพใใ(Mazu, tลfu o pakku kara dashimasu.) |
First, take the tofu out of the package. |
: ๆฌกใซใๅกฉใใใใพใใ(Tsugi ni, shio o kakemasu.) |
Next, sprinkle some salt on it. |
: ๆๅพใซใใชใชใผใใชใคใซใใใใพใใ(Saigo ni, orฤซbu oiru o kakemasu.) |
And lastly, pour some olive oil on it. |
: ใใใ ใใงใใ(Kore dake desu.) |
That's it! |
: ๆๆ่ฒปใฏ็พๅไปฅๅ
ใ(Zairyลhi wa hyaku-en inai.) |
The cost of the ingredients is one hundred yen or less! |
: ใใใใใณใ่ฑ่
ใฎไธใซใฎใใฆใใใใงใใใ(A, wasabi o tลfu no ue ni nosete mo ii desu yo.) |
You can also add some wasabi on the top. |
: ไปๅคใๆฏ้ไฝใฃใฆใใ ใใใ(Konโya, zehi tsukutte kudasai.) |
Please try making it tonight! |
POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
Peter: Wow, Naomi-sensei. Sounds like one of your dishes! |
Naomi: ๆๅใชใฌใทใใงใใใใงใใ(Yลซmei na reshipi desu yo, demo.) It's a very famous recipe. ใใฎใใใใใใงใใใใฎใฌใทใใ(Ano, oishii desu. Kono reshipi.) |
Peter: So this dish is good? |
Naomi: ใใใใใใ(Un, sล.) Youโre right. ใใไฝใใพใใ(Yoku tsukurimasu.) |
Peter: So you make it often. |
Naomi: ใฏใใ(Hai.) I wouldn't really call it ๆ็ (ryลri). |
Peter: ็งใใ(Watashi mo.) I really wouldnโt call it ๆ็ (ryลri) either, but... |
Naomi: But it's easy, healthy and tasty. ็ฐกๅใงๅฅๅบท็ใงใใใใใงใใ(Kantan de kenkลteki de oishii desu.) And most important thing is, Quick. ๆฉใใงใใใงใใใใคใณใใฏใใ่ฑ่
ใจใใใชใชใผใใชใคใซใจใใใๅกฉใไฝฟใใชใใฆใฏใใใชใใ(Hayai desu. Demo, pointo wa ii tลfu to ii orฤซbu oiru to ii o-shio o tsukawanakute wa ikenai.) |
Peter: So you are saying that the quality of Tofu, olive oil and salt has to be good. |
Naomi: ใใใงใใใ ใฃใฆใใใฎใพใพ้ฃในใใใใ(Sล desu. Datte, sono mama taberu kara.) |
Peter: So youโre just gathering things. |
Naomi: Right. ใฟใชใใใใๆฏ้ไฝใฃใฆใใ ใใใ(Mina-san mo, zehi tsukutte kudasai.) |
Peter: ๆฏ้ใ้ใใฆใใ ใใใ(Zehi, atsumete kudasai.) So, definitely gather those things. |
VOCAB LIST |
Peter: OK. Let's take a look at the vocabulary for this lesson. |
The first word is: |
ๆ็ (ryลri) [natural native speed] |
cooking, cuisine, dish, food |
ๆ็ (ryลri) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
ๆ็ (ryลri) [natural native speed] |
Next: |
ไปฅๅ
(inai) [natural native speed] |
within, less than |
ไปฅๅ
(inai) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
ไปฅๅ
(inai) [natural native speed] |
Next: |
ใใใ (kakeru) [natural native speed] |
to pour, to sprinkle, to dust |
ใใใ (kakeru) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
ใใใ (kakeru) [natural native speed] |
Next: |
ใฎใใ (noseru) [natural native speed] |
to place on |
ใฎใใ (noseru) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
ใฎใใ (noseru) [natural native speed] |
Next: |
ๆฏ้ (zehi) [natural native speed] |
certainly, by all means, please |
ๆฏ้ (zehi) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
ๆฏ้ (zehi) [natural native speed] |
VOCAB AND PHRASE USAGE |
Peter: Let's have a closer look at the usage for some of the words and phrases from this lesson. Naomi-sensei. What do we have first? |
Naomi: ใใใใ (wakuwaku) |
Peter: "exciting" |
Naomi: ๆฌๆ
่ชใงใใญ๏ฝใ(Gitai-go desu nฤ.) |
Peter: Right. ใใใใ (wakuwaku) is ๆฌๆ
่ช (gitai-go) or onomatopoeia. When do you use it? |
Naomi: ใใใใจใ่ตทใใใใจๆใฃใฆใใใจใใงใใญใ(Ii koto ga okoru, to omotte iru toki desu ne.) |
Peter: When you are expecting something good to happen. |
Naomi: Right. ใฏใฏใฏใฏใใพใใ(Wakuwaku shimasu.) |
Peter: "It's exciting" or "I'm excited." For more information on onomatopoeia, check out our onomatopoeia series! |
Naomi: ใฏใใใ้กใใใพใใ(Hai, onegai shimasu.) |
Peter: What's next? |
Naomi: ๆฏ้ (zehi) |
Peter: "by all means." Zehi expresses the speaker's strong desire, so it's often used when making an invitation or request. |
Naomi: ใใใงใใญใ(Sล desu ne.) Here's a sample sentence. ๆฏ้ ๅฎถใซๆฅใฆใใ ใใใ(Zehi uchi ni kite kudasai.) |
Peter: โBy all means, please visit our place.โ |
Naomi: Of course ๅฎถใซๆฅใฆใใ ใใ (uchi ni kite kudasai) is a perfect sentence, but if you add ๆฏ้ (zehi) in front, it sounds like you're really welcoming the listener. |
Peter: Or you really mean it. |
Naomi: ใใใใใใงใใญใ(Un, sล desu ne.) |
Peter: OK. Finally, let's look at some useful expressions for explaining the steps or procedure of doing something. |
Naomi: Peter. |
Peter: Yes. |
Naomi: You've just used the word "finally", right? "Finally" or "lastly" in Japanese is .. ๆๅพใซ (saigo ni). |
Peter: ๆๅพใซ (saigo ni)? Ah, ๆๅพ (saigo) means last, right? |
Naomi: ใใใใใใงใใญใ(Un, sล desu ne.) Right. When you add ใซ (ni) to it, it becomes the phrase "lastly" or "finally", ๆๅพใซ (saigo ni). |
Peter: How do you say "first of all" or "first" then? |
Naomi: ใพใ (mazu) or ๆๅใซ (saisho ni). |
Peter: OK. Can we hear them one more time? "Firstโ, โfirst of all"? |
Naomi: ใพใ (mazu) or ๆๅใซ (saisho ni). |
Peter: โLastlyโ? |
Naomi: ๆๅพใซ (saigo ni) |
Peter: OK. On to the grammar point. |
Lesson focus
|
Peter: The focus of this lesson is how to say "only" in Japanese. |
Naomi: There are two ways to say "only" in Japanese, which are ใ ใ (dake) and ใใ (shika). |
Peter: However, we'll just focus on the usage of ใใ (shika) meaning "only" or "nothing but" in the audio portion. |
Naomi: Remember, ใใ (shika) is always followed by a negative. ใใ (shika) such and such ใชใ (nai) means "only". |
Peter: So ใใ (shika) and ใชใ (nai) are a set and mean "only". |
Naomi: ใใใงใใ(Sล desu.) |
Peter: ๆๅใซ (saisho ni), first of all, let's do some examples. How do you say "I eat vegetables"? |
Naomi: ้่ใ้ฃในใ (yasai o taberu) |
Peter: To say "I only eat vegetables" or "I eat nothing but vegetables", attach ใใ (shika) to the object. |
Naomi: ้่ใใ (yasai shika) |
Peter: Notice that the particle ใ (o) is replaced by ใใ (shika), ้่ใใ (yasai shika). Then change the verb ้ฃในใ (taberu) into the negative. |
Naomi: ้ฃในใชใ (tabenai), soโฆ ้่ใใ้ฃในใชใใ(Yasai shika tabenai.) |
Peter: โI only eat vegetables" "I eat nothing but vegetables" Let's do one more example. How do you say โI can read hiragana"? |
Naomi: โTo be able to readโ, or โcan readโ is ่ชญใใ (yomeru). So...ใฒใใใชใ่ชญใใใ(Hiragana ga yomeru.) |
Peter: Let's say "I can only read hiragana" or "I can read nothing but hiragana." |
Naomi: Replace ใ (ga) with ใใ (shika). So...ใฒใใใชใใ (hiragana shika). |
Peter: Then change the verb ่ชญใใ (yomeru), to the negative. |
Naomi: ่ชญใใชใ (yomenai), so...ใฒใใใชใใ่ชญใใชใใ(Hiragana shika yomenai.) |
Peter: "I can read nothing but hiragana" "I can only read hiragana," OK, listen and repeat. |
Naomi: ใฒใใใชใใ่ชญใใชใใ(Hiragana shika yomenai.) |
Peter: [pause] Say "I can only read hiragana" in Japanese. |
Naomi: [pause] ใฒใใใชใใ่ชญใใชใใ(Hiragana shika yomenai.) |
Peter: Let's review this grammar with a quiz. |
Naomi: ใใใงใใญใ(Ii desu ne.) Good idea. |
Peter: How do you say "I understand English"? |
Naomi: ่ฑ่ชใใใใใ(Eigo ga wakaru.) |
Peter: Say "I only understand English"? |
[pause] Here's a hint. The negative form of ใใใ (wakaru) is ใใใใชใ (wakaranai). |
[pause] OK. Naomi-sensei, how do you say "I only understand English" or "I understand nothing but English"? |
Naomi: ่ฑ่ชใใใใใใชใใ(Eigo shika wakaranai.) |
Peter: Ah, Naomi-sensei? Can I ask you a question? |
Naomi: ใฏใใ(Hai.) |
Peter: Why would someone say โI understand only Englishโ in Japanese? |
Naomi: Hahaโฆ |
Peter: And if youโre thinking out there, well.. They can use this phrase to explain that they don't speak Japanese. This is a very complicated phrase, and there is an easy way to say โI donโt speak Japanese.โ Anyways, letโs change to โI only speak Japanese.โ |
[Pause] |
Naomi: ๆฅๆฌ่ชใใใใใใชใใ(Nihon-go shika wakaranai.) |
Peter: โI understand nothing but Japanese.โ |
Naomi: So how did you do? ๆๅพใซใ้กใใใใใพใใ(Saigo ni onegai ga arimasu.) Lastly, we have a favor to ask. |
Peter: There's a write up about the usage of ใ ใ (dake), meaning "only". So please make sure to read the lesson notes. |
Naomi: ใ้กใใใพใใ(Onegai shimasu.) |
Peter: Thatโs going to do it. |
Naomi: ใใใใพใใ(Ja, mata.) |
Comments
Hideใฟใชใใใ
How does this "recipe" sound to you? :kokoro:
Make some sentences using dake and shika below!
Hello Gaynor,
Thank you for your positive feedback and enthusiasm! We're thrilled you enjoyed the lesson!
To say "I only need to focus" in Japanese, "ใ ใ" is the better choice here. "ใ ใ" emphasizes that focusing is all you need to do, while ใใ would imply that you don't need anything except to focus, which would require a negative form.
So, you could say: ้ไธญใใใ ใใงใใใงใใ (Shลซchลซ suru dake de ii desu) โ "I only need to focus."
Keep up the great work with your studies! Every step, no matter how small, brings you closer to your goal.
ใใใใจใใใใใพใ๏ผ (Arigatล gozaimasu! "Thank you!")
Yoshimi
Team JapanesePod101.com
Great lesson. Everything makes sense. But trying to make sentences is tricky.
How do I say "I only need to focus"? Would that take ใ ใ or ใใ?
Baby steps for studying the Japanese Language!๐
ใใใใจใใใใใพใ
Linneaใใ
ใใใซใกใฏ๏ผ
ใณใกใณใใใใใจใใใใใพใใ
ใใใ๏ผใใผใใงใฏใใงใ๐
ใใฎ่ชฟๅญใงใใใฐใใพใใใใญโช
Hope you keep enjoying and learning Japanese with us:)
Sincerely,
Miho
Team JapanesePod101.com
Practice:
ๅฝผๅฅณใฏใใใใใ ใใงใฏใชใใฆใ้ ญใใใใงใใ
She is not just cute, but also smart.
็งใฏ่ฆใฆใใใ ใใงใใใงใใ
I am fine by just watching.
้่ใ ใใฏ้ฃในใพใใใ
I eat anything but not vegetables.
้่ใใ้ฃในใพใใใ
I eat nothing but vegetables.
ใขใใกใใ่ฆใพใใใ
I watch nothing but anime.
่ชๅใใ่ฆใใพใใ.
I need nobody else but myself.
How are these sentences???
Hi Christian Guerrero,
Thank you for your question! I believe that your question is if โไปฅไธโ includes the number that precedes it? If so, yes, so for example if you say โ5ใใซไปฅไธโ, that means โ5(dallers) and aboveโ.
But โไปฅไธโ does not mean โat leastโ, โat leastโ is usually translated as โๅฐใชใใจใโ or โใใใฆโ.
Hope the above clarifies.๐
Looking forward to seeing you often here.
Sincerely,
Yoshimi
Team JapanesePod101.com
I wanted to know if the term โไปฅไธโ (more than), is equivalent to the English โat leastโ? I mean if it includes the value that we mention after it or not?
ไพใใฐ
โI want at least 5$ for that shirtโ (this means 5$ is ok but more would be better and 4.99 or less is unacceptable)
Vs
โI want more than 5$ dollars for that shirtโ (this means 5$ is unacceptable, only 5.1$ or more)
Is there an different word or concept in Japanese for โat leastโ or there is no distinction?
AshutoshใAkkoleใใ
ใใใซใกใฏ๏ผ
ใณใกใณใใใใใจใใใใใพใใ
Maybe you could say ใฒใใใชใใ่ชญใพใชใ, which means I read only hiragana (and don't read katakana and kanji.)
ใฒใใใชใใ่ชญใใชใ means I can read only hiragana (and cannot read katakana and kanji.)
Please let us know if you have any further question๐
Sincerely,
Miho
Team JapanesePod101.com
why is it ่ชญใใชใใbut not ่ชญใพใชใ
in example ใฒใใใชใใ่ชญใใชใ
Rachelใใ
ใณใกใณใใใใใจใใใใใพใ๐
่ฏใใงใใญ๏ผ
Please let us know if you have any questions :)
Sincerely
ใใใใพ๏ผRyoma๏ผ
Team JapanesePod101.com
็ฐกๅใงใใ
ใญใใญใใผ06๐ใใ
ใณใกใณใใใใใจใใใใใพใ๐
ใใฎไบใคใฎๆใฏๅฎ็งใงใ๐
Please let us know if you have any questions :)
Sincerely
Ryoma
Team JapanesePod101.com
็ซใ ใใใใใใงใใ
็ซใใใใใใใชใใงใใ
Melodyใใ
ใณใกใณใใใใใจใใใใใพใ๐
Very close! It should be *Nihongo ga chotto dake wakarimasu.
Please let us know if you have any questions :)
Sincerely
Ryoma
Team JapanesePod101.com
Hi,
Is it correct to say below ?
Nihongo chotto dake ga wakarimasu.
Thanks for the help! ๐
Hi Travis,
Thank you for your trying!
Your instructions are very good๐
I just made a few corrections.
ใปๆๅพใซไบๅๅพ ใฃใฆใใ ใใใ
ใปใใๅใใใใพใใใ็ฑๆนฏใซๆฐใใคใใฆใใ ใใใ๏ผใใๅใใใใฆใใ็ฑๆนฏใซๆฐใใคใใฆใใ ใใใ๏ผ
And we usually say "boil the water" as ใๆนฏใๆฒธใใ, instead of saying ๆฐดใๆฒธใใ.
Please let us know if you have any question:)
Sincerely,
Miho
Team JapanesePod101.com
Instant Cup Ramen Instructions:
ใพใใฏใซใใใฎ่ใๅใใใๆฌกใซๆฐดใๆฒธใใใๆฌกใซใซใใใฎไธญใซๆฐดใๆณจใใๆฌกใซใซ่ชฟๅณๆใๆณจใใๆๅพใซไบๅใงๅพ ใฃใฆใใ ใใใใใๅใใใฃใฆ็ฑๆนฏใๆฐใใคใใฆใใ ใใใ
Firstly, peel the lid from the cup. Next, boil the water. After that, pour the water into the cup. Then, add in the seasoning. Finally, wait for two minutes. Even if it smells good be careful of the hot water!
Hi Lawy,
Thank you for studying Japanese with us and asking a question!
"The book recommended by xx has been nothing but effective."
>> To say the above sentence in Japanese by using ใใ and it sounds positive, I'd say;
ใxxใใใใใใใฎๆฌใฏใๅนๆ็ใงใใใจใใ่จใใใใใชใใใ
Hope this helps.
Sincerely,
Miki H
Team JapanesePod101.com
Good day, I have a question:
Can 'ใใ' be used to perform positively, such as:
ใxxใใใใใใใฎๆฌใใๅนใใชใใงใใใ
"The book recommended by xx has been nothing but effective."
Thank you!
ใฏใใใใฎใฌใทใใซใใญใตใผใไฝฟใใชใใใฐใใใพใใใ
ใ่ฟไบใจ่จๆญฃใฏใใใใจใใใใพใใๅฅๆดฅๅญๅ ็ใ
Ems ใใใ
ใใใซใกใฏ๏ผ
ใ่ฟไบใ้ ใใชใฃใฆใใฟใพใใใ
ใใใคใน ใฏใชใผใ ใ๏ผโค๏ธ๏ธใใใใใใใงใใญใ?
ใๆททๅๆฉใใฏไฝใฎใใจใงใใ๏ผWhat did you mean by ่คๅๆฉ here?
ใใญใตใผใฎใใจใใช๏ผใธใฅใผใตใผ๏ผ
Below, please check the corrected version ;)
(I put the word for blender where you used ๆททๅๆฉ for now)
ๆๆใฏใฒใจใคใใใใใพใใใ็ใใใใใใใใไธๆฌใ ใไฝฟใใพใใ
ไฝใๆน๏ผ
ใพใใใใใใฎ็ฎใๆจใฆใพใใ
ๆฌกใซใใใใใๅใๅปใใงๅทๅๅบซใซๅ ฅใใพใใ
ๆๅพใซๅใฃใๅพใใใญใตใผใงใใใใใชใใพใใพใใ
ใใฃใ๏ผ ใใใคใน ใฏใชใผใ ใใใงใใพใใ๏ผ็ฐกๅใงใใใ
Natsuko (ๅฅๆดฅๅญ),
Team JapanesePod101.com