Learn how to form polite requests
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Naomi: なおみです。(Naomi desu.) |
| Peter: Peter here. Please give me a discount on that Japanese item. Naomi-sensei, in this lesson, you'll learn about...? |
| Naomi: Commands! |
| Peter: Right. How to give a command in a slightly polite way. |
| Naomi: そう。丁寧な命令です。(Sō. Teinei na meirei desu.) This is known as the "polite imperative". |
| Peter: This conversation takes place? |
| Naomi: On the phone. 電話です。天道きりと大空晴夜が話しています。(Denwa desu. Tendō Kiri to Ōzora Haruya ga hanashite imasu.) |
| Peter: Kiri Tendo and Haruya Ozora are talking. Since Kiri is Haruya's mother in law, Haruya uses |
| Naomi: 丁寧な日本語 (teinei na Nihon-go) |
| Peter: Formal Japanese. But Kiri uses |
| Naomi: カジュアルな日本語 (kajuaru na Nihon-go) |
| Peter: Informal Japanese. OK. Let's listen to the conversation. |
| DIALOGUE |
| 大空 風歌 (Ōzora Fūka) : かーぜかぜふくな、しゃーぼんだまとばそー。かーぜかぜふくな、しゃーぼん… (Kāze kaze fuku na, shābondama tobasō. Kāze kaze fuku na, shābon…) |
| 大空 晴夜 (Ōzora Haruya) : やめなさい。風歌。(Yamenasai. Fūka.) |
| : パパ、電話中なんだ。静かにしなさい。(Papa, denwachū nan da. Shizuka ni shinasai.) |
| 天道 きり (Tendō Kiri) : あら、まだ風歌ちゃん起きているの？(Ara, mada Fūka-chan okite iru no?) |
| : もう、８時よ。もうお風呂に入ったの？(Mō, hachi-ji yo. Mō o-furo ni haitta no?) |
| 大空 晴夜 (Ōzora Haruya) : あ、はい。(A, hai.) |
| 天道 きり (Tendō Kiri) : でね、本当にそっくりなのよ。(De ne, hontō ni sokkuri na no yo.) |
| : その人を見たとき、晴夜さんだと思ったわ。(Sono hito o mita toki, Haruya-san da to omotta wa.) |
| 大空 晴夜 (Ōzora Haruya) : ...こら、風歌。走るな。(...Kora, Fūka. Hashiru na.) |
| 天道 きり (Tendō Kiri) : 下山さんっていう親せき、いる？(Shimoyama-san tte iu shinseki, iru?) |
| 大空 晴夜 (Ōzora Haruya) : いませんよー。(Imasen yō.) |
| 天道 きり (Tendō Kiri) : でもね、その人、晴夜さんと、同じ出身地なのよ。(Demo ne, sono hito, Haruya-san to, onaji shusshinchi na no yo.) |
| : ね！ちょっと、聞いているの？(Ne! chotto, kiite iru no?) |
| 大空 晴夜 (Ōzora Haruya) : いいかげんにしなさい、風歌！もう ねなさい！(Iikagen ni shinasai, Fūka! Mō nenasai!) |
| Naomi: もう一度、お願いします。今度はゆっくりお願いします。(Mō ichi-do, onegai shimasu. Kondo wa yukkuri onegai shimasu.) |
| 大空 風歌 (Ōzora Fūka) : かーぜかぜふくな、しゃーぼんだまとばそー。かーぜかぜふくな、しゃーぼん… (Kāze kaze fuku na, shābondama tobasō. Kāze kaze fuku na, shābon…) |
| 大空 晴夜 (Ōzora Haruya) : やめなさい。風歌。(Yamenasai. Fūka.) |
| : パパ、電話中なんだ。静かにしなさい。(Papa, denwachū nan da. Shizuka ni shinasai.) |
| 天道 きり (Tendō Kiri) : あら、まだ風歌ちゃん起きているの？(Ara, mada Fūka-chan okite iru no?) |
| : もう、８時よ。もうお風呂に入ったの？(Mō, hachi-ji yo. Mō o-furo ni haitta no?) |
| 大空 晴夜 (Ōzora Haruya) : あ、はい。(A, hai.) |
| 天道 きり (Tendō Kiri) : でね、本当にそっくりなのよ。(De ne, hontō ni sokkuri na no yo.) |
| : その人を見たとき、晴夜さんだと思ったわ。(Sono hito o mita toki, Haruya-san da to omotta wa.) |
| 大空 晴夜 (Ōzora Haruya) : ...こら、風歌。走るな。(...Kora, Fūka. Hashiru na.) |
| 天道 きり (Tendō Kiri) : 下山さんっていう親せき、いる？(Shimoyama-san tte iu shinseki, iru?) |
| 大空 晴夜 (Ōzora Haruya) : いませんよー。(Imasen yō.) |
| 天道 きり (Tendō Kiri) : でもね、その人、晴夜さんと、同じ出身地なのよ。(Demo ne, sono hito, Haruya-san to, onaji shusshinchi na no yo.) |
| : ね！ちょっと、聞いているの？(Ne! chotto, kiite iru no?) |
| 大空 晴夜 (Ōzora Haruya) : いいかげんにしなさい、風歌！もう ねなさい！(Iikagen ni shinasai, Fūka! Mō nenasai!) |
| Naomi: 今度は、英語が入ります。(Kondo wa, Eigo ga hairimasu.) |
| 大空 風歌 (Ōzora Fūka) : かーぜかぜふくな、しゃーぼんだまとばそー。かーぜかぜふくな、しゃーぼん… (Kāze kaze fuku na, shābondama tobasō. Kāze kaze fuku na, shābon…) |
| Wind~ wind~ don't blow ♪ Let my little soap bubble float~ Wind~ wind~ don't blow~ ♪ |
| 大空 晴夜 (Ōzora Haruya) : やめなさい。風歌。 パパ、電話中なんだ。静かにしなさい。(Yamenasai. Fūka. Papa, denwachū nan da. Shizuka ni shinasai.) |
| Cut that out, Fuka. Daddy's on the phone. Be quiet. |
| 天道 きり (Tendō Kiri) : あら、まだ風歌ちゃん起きているの？もう、８時よ。(Ara, mada Fūka-chan okite iru no? Mō, hachi-ji yo.) |
| Oh my, Fuka's still awake? It's already eight o'clock! |
| : もうお風呂に入ったの？(Mō o-furo ni haitta no?) |
| Did she already take a bath? |
| 大空 晴夜 (Ōzora Haruya) : あ、はい。(A, hai.) |
| Oh, yes, she has. |
| 天道 きり (Tendō Kiri) : でね、本当にそっくりなのよ。(De ne, hontō ni sokkuri na no yo.) |
| Anyway, the person looked just like you! |
| : その人を見たとき、晴夜さんだと思ったわ。(Sono hito o mita toki, Haruya-san da to omotta wa.) |
| When I saw him, I thought it was you! |
| 大空 晴夜 (Ōzora Haruya) : ...こら、風歌。走るな。(...Kora, Fūka. Hashiru na.) |
| ...Hey, Fuka. Don't run around. |
| 天道 きり (Tendō Kiri) : 下山さんっていう親せき、いる？(Shimoyama-san tte iu shinseki, iru?) |
| Do you have any relatives by the name Shimoyama? |
| 大空 晴夜 (Ōzora Haruya) : いませんよー。(Imasen yō.) |
| I don't. |
| 天道 きり (Tendō Kiri) : でもね、その人、晴夜さんと、同じ出身地なのよ。(Demo ne, sono hito, Haruya-san to, onaji shusshinchi na no yo.) |
| But you know, that person has the same hometown as you! |
| : ね！ちょっと、聞いているの？(Ne! chotto, kiite iru no?) |
| Hey, are you listening? |
| 大空 晴夜 (Ōzora Haruya) : いいかげんにしなさい、風歌！もう ねなさい！(Iikagen ni shinasai, Fūka! Mō nenasai!) |
| That's enough, Fuka! Get to bed already! |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Naomi: 風歌はかわいいですね。(Fūka wa kawaii desu ne.) |
| Peter: So you think Fuka is cute? |
| Naomi: うん。(Un.) |
| Peter: Hm. |
| Naomi: なに？なに？(Nani? Nani?) |
| Peter: If you were with her for 24 hours, your opinion might change rather quickly. She seems like a really 元気 (genki)... really active kid. |
| Naomi: あぁ。ま、そうでしょうね。(Ā. Ma, sō deshō ne.) I guess you're right. But the song she was singing was definitely cute, wasn't it? |
| Peter: そうですね。(Sō desu ne.) What's the title of the song Fuka was singing in the dialogue? |
| Naomi:「シャボン玉」(“Shabondama”) |
| Peter: “Soap bubbles” |
| Naomi: 有名な歌ですよ。(Yūmei na uta desu yo.) |
| Peter: This is a famous children's song. |
| Naomi: うん。(Un.) |
| Peter: And you can listen to the full version of this song and get the lyrics and the translation in Japanese Song lesson No.7. |
| Naomi: はい。(Hai.) |
| Peter: Which is another series we have on our website. |
| Naomi: はい。ちょっと広告でした。(Hai. Chotto kōkoku deshita.) |
| Peter: So that was a small announcement. OK. Let's have a look at the vocabulary used for this lesson. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| The first word is: |
| 起きる (okiru) [natural native speed] |
| to wake up, to get up |
| 起きる (okiru) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| 起きる (okiru) [natural native speed] |
| Next: |
| 走る (hashiru) [natural native speed] |
| to run |
| 走る (hashiru) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| 走る (hashiru) [natural native speed] |
| Next: |
| 同じ (onaji) [natural native speed] |
| same |
| 同じ (onaji) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| 同じ (onaji) [natural native speed] |
| Next: |
| 親せき (shinseki) [natural native speed] |
| relative as in relative of the family |
| 親せき (shinseki) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| 親せき (shinseki) [natural native speed] |
| Next: |
| 出身地 (shusshinchi) [natural native speed] |
| hometown, birthplace |
| 出身地 (shusshinchi) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| 出身地 (shusshinchi) [natural native speed] |
| VOCAB AND PHRASE USAGE |
| Peter: Let's have a closer look at the usage for some of the words and phrases from this lesson. |
| The first word is? |
| Naomi: 出身地 (shusshinchi) |
| Peter: hometown |
| Naomi: The first Kanji means "to come out". The second Kanji means "body", and the third Kanji means "place". |
| Peter: So altogether, literally, "the place one's body comes from". Of course it means "hometown" or "birthplace." |
| Naomi: そうです。(Sō desu.) |
| Peter: But Naomi-sensei. |
| Naomi: はい。(Hai.) |
| Peter: Doesn't 出身 (shusshin) by itself mean "hometown" too? |
| Naomi: ああ、いい質問ですね。(Ā, ii shitsumon desu ne.) Good question. Both 出身 (shusshin) and 出身地 (shusshinchi) mean "hometown". |
| Peter: 違いは何ですか。(Chigai wa nan desu ka.) What's the difference? |
| Naomi: Well...出身地 (shusshinchi) is exclusively used for "hometown", whereas 出身 (shusshin) can refer to a certain group you used to belong to, like school, classes, clubs, social classes, and so on. |
| Peter: Ah...I see. Now that you mention it, I've heard the expression, 出身大学 (shusshin daigaku) - "the university one graduated from" |
| Naomi: あ、そうそうそう。(A, sō sō sō.) Right. |
| Peter: How do you say "I graduated from Tokyo University”? |
| Naomi: 私は、東京大学出身です。(Watashi wa Tōkyō Daigaku shusshin desu.) |
| Peter: Alright. Next we have? |
| Naomi: こら (kora) |
| Peter: "Hey", or "come on! " Now, こら (kora) is an interjection used for scolding someone. It's usually used by an adult when scolding kids. |
| Naomi: そうですね。(Sō desu ne.) In the dialogue, Haruya said… こら、風歌。(Kora, Fūka.) Peter: "Hey, Fuka." |
| Naomi: 走るな。(Hashiru na.) |
| Peter: "Don't run around." So for kids, こら (kora) is a sign that they're in trouble. |
| Naomi: It depends on the tone, but generally speaking "yes". |
| Peter: And I've also heard こら (kora) used among adults too. |
| Naomi: あー、そうね。(Ā, sō ne.) Yeah. Some people might use it as a joke. |
| Peter: Yeah. I’ve actually used it as a joke quite a few times, and it goes on pretty well. |
| Naomi: うん、そうね。(Un, sō ne.) You mean, you’ve been used, right? |
| Peter: You mean, you’ve used that to me? Today I think about this, it is very easy to remember. |
| Naomi: そうですね。こら。(Sō desu ne. Kora.) |
| Peter: On to the grammar point. |
Lesson focus |
|---|
| Peter: The focus of this lesson is giving a command in a slightly polite way. |
| Naomi: Right. It's called "polite imperative" in grammar terms. |
| Peter: OK. Naomi-sensei, tell us how to form the polite imperative form of a verb. |
| Naomi: The formation is [masu-stem of a verb ] plus なさい (nasai). |
| Peter: Let’s show you with an example. How do you say "to sleep"? |
| Naomi: 寝る (neru) |
| Peter: The masu-form is? |
| Naomi: 寝ます (nemasu) |
| Peter: Now, take off ます (masu) to get the masu-stem. |
| Naomi: ね (ne) |
| Peter: To that, attach |
| Naomi: なさい (nasai) |
| Peter: And we get? |
| Naomi: ねなさい (nenasai), 寝なさい (nenasai) |
| Peter: "Go to sleep" or "Go to bed" |
| Naomi: In the dialogue, Haruya said…もう、寝なさい。(Mō, nenasai.) |
| Peter: "Get to bed already!" OK. Let's do one more example. How do you say "to write"? |
| Naomi: 書く (kaku) |
| Peter: The masu-form is? |
| Naomi: 書きます (kakimasu) |
| Peter: Take off ます (masu) to get the masu-stem |
| Naomi: 書き (kaki) |
| Peter: Attach |
| Naomi: なさい (nasai), 書きなさい (kakinasai). Here's a sample sentence. 名前を書きなさい。(Namae o kakinasai.) |
| Peter: Write your name. |
| Naomi: 住所 (jūsho) is address. So… 住所を書きなさい。(Jūsho o kakinasai.) |
| Peter: "Write your address." Now, please remember that the polite imperative is used most often when a parent is scolding a child. |
| Naomi: そうですね。(Sō desu ne.) Yes, but they're also used for instructions on a test or form as well. |
| Peter: OK. Naomi-sensei, let's review this lesson with a quiz. |
| Naomi: Good idea. |
| Peter: How do you say "Please write in Kanji." |
| Naomi: Wow...that's a bit tough. "in Kanji" is 漢字で (kanji de), and "to write" is 書く (kaku). |
| So… [pause] 漢字で書きなさい。(Kanji de kakinasai.) |
| Peter: Listeners, repeat. |
| Naomi: 漢字で書きなさい。(Kanji de kakinasai.) |
| Peter: Now, listeners, say "please write in Kanji". |
| Naomi: [pause] 漢字で書きなさい。(Kanji de kakinasai.) |
| Peter: That's all for this lesson. |
| Naomi: じゃ、また。(Ja, mata.) |
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