Learn the attributive use of the particle ga
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Naomi: なおみです。 (Naomidesu.) |
| Peter: Peter here. The Plot Thickens. |
| Naomi: 何。 (Nani.) |
| Peter: The plot thickens. 話がもっとおもしろくなるでしょ (Hanashi ga motto omoshiroku narudesho)、like the story gets more interesting. |
| Naomi: なるほどね。 (Naruhodo ne.) |
| Peter: はい。 (Hai.) I guess, well we have to check the translation. Now in the previous lesson, Miu’s father, Raizou Tendou, and his work related friend, Chouun Yamakawa were talking about introducing Mr. Yamakawa’s son to Miu who is Mr. Tendo’s daughter. |
| Naomi: そう。 (Sō.) So that’s right. Mr. Yamakawa said うちの二番目の息子は、どうですか。うちの二番目の息子は、どうですか。 (Uchi no ni-banme no musuko wa, dōdesu ka. Uchi no ni-banme no musuko wa, dōdesu ka.) |
| Peter: How about my second son? |
| Naomi: So in today’s lesson, they are talking about Mr. Yamakawa’s son 山川さんの息子さん、ですね。 (Yamakawa-san no musuko-san,desu ne.) |
| Peter: The politeness level is |
| Naomi: Polite. |
| Peter: Now this lesson focuses on verb conjugation. |
| Naomi: はい、そうですね。(Hai, sōdesune.) |
| Peter: Okay here we go. |
| DIALOGUE |
| 天道 雷三:先生の 息子さん？あの、有名な プロゴルファーの山川ひょうさん？ (Sensei no musuko-san? Ano, yūmei na puro gorufā no Yamakawa Hyō-san?) |
| 山川 朝雲 (Yamakawa asakumo):いや、あれは一番目の息子です。次男はサラリーマンです。社長はゴルフが好きですか。 (Iya, are wa ichiban-me no musuko desu. Jinan wa sararīman desu. Shachō wa gorufu ga suki desu ka.) |
| 天道 雷三:ええ。ゴルフコースを 歩くのが 大好きです。毎週末、ゴルフを しますが、ゴルフは 難しいですよ。私は パターが 苦手ですね。 (Ee. Gorufu kōsu o aruku no ga daisuki desu. Maishūmatsu, gorufu o shimasu ga, gorufu wa muzukashii desu yo. Watashi wa patā ga nigate desu ne.) |
| 山川 朝雲 (Yamakawa asakumo):ほう...。うちの 二番目の 息子は ゴルフを 教えるのが 上手ですよ。プレーするのは 下手ですが。そうだ、天道さん。来週の土曜日、一緒に ゴルフを しましょう。うちの次男も 呼びますよ。 (Hō.... Uchi no niban-me no musuko wa gorufu o oshieru no ga jōzu desu yo. Purē suru no wa heta desu ga. Sō da, Tendō-san. Raishū no doyōbi, issho ni gorufu o shimashō. Uchi no jinan mo yobimasu yo.) |
| 天道 雷三:来週の土曜日は二十八日ですか...。いいですね。 (Raishū no doyōbi wa nijū-hachinichi desu ka.... Ii desu ne.) |
| Naomi: もう一度お願いします。ゆっくりお願いします。 (Mōichido onegaishimasu. Yukkuri onegaishimasu. |
| 天道 雷三:先生の 息子さん？あの、有名な プロゴルファーの山川ひょうさん？ (Sensei no musuko-san? Ano, yūmei na puro gorufā no Yamakawa Hyō-san?) |
| 山川 朝雲 (Yamakawa asakumo):いや、あれは一番目の息子です。次男はサラリーマンです。社長はゴルフが好きですか。 (Iya, are wa ichiban-me no musuko desu. Jinan wa sararīman desu. Shachō wa gorufu ga suki desu ka.) |
| 天道 雷三:ええ。ゴルフコースを 歩くのが 大好きです。毎週末、ゴルフを しますが、ゴルフは 難しいですよ。私は パターが 苦手ですね。 (Ee. Gorufu kōsu o aruku no ga daisuki desu. Maishūmatsu, gorufu o shimasu ga, gorufu wa muzukashii desu yo. Watashi wa patā ga nigate desu ne.) |
| 山川 朝雲 (Yamakawa asakumo):ほう...。うちの 二番目の 息子は ゴルフを 教えるのが 上手ですよ。プレーするのは 下手ですが。そうだ、天道さん。来週の土曜日、一緒に ゴルフを しましょう。うちの次男も 呼びますよ。 (Hō.... Uchi no niban-me no musuko wa gorufu o oshieru no ga jōzu desu yo. Purē suru no wa heta desu ga. Sō da, Tendō-san. Raishū no doyōbi, issho ni gorufu o shimashō. Uchi no jinan mo yobimasu yo.) |
| 天道 雷三:来週の土曜日は二十八日ですか...。いいですね。 (Raishū no doyōbi wa nijū-hachinichi desu ka.... Ii desu ne.) |
| Naomi: 今度は英語を入ります。 (Kondo wa eigo o hairimasu.) |
| 天道 雷三:先生の 息子さん？あの、有名な プロゴルファーの山川ひょうさん？ (Sensei no musuko-san? Ano, yūmei na puro gorufā no Yamakawa Hyō-san?) |
| Tendou Raizou: Your son? Ah, the famous pro golfer, Yamakawa Hyou? |
| 山川 朝雲 (Yamakawa asakumo):いや、あれは一番目の息子です。次男はサラリーマンです。社長はゴルフが好きですか。 (Iya, are wa ichiban-me no musuko desu. Jinan wa sararīman desu. Shachō wa gorufu ga suki desu ka.) |
| Yamakawa Tyouun: No, that's my first-born son. My second-born is a business man. Do you like golf? |
| 天道 雷三:ええ。ゴルフコースを 歩くのが 大好きです。毎週末、ゴルフを しますが、ゴルフは 難しいですよ。私は パターが 苦手ですね。 (Ee. Gorufu kōsu o aruku no ga daisuki desu. Maishūmatsu, gorufu o shimasu ga, gorufu wa muzukashii desu yo. Watashi wa patā ga nigate desu ne.) |
| Tendou Raizou: Yes, I like walking around golf courses. Every weekend I play golf but it's difficult. I'm not good at putting. |
| 山川 朝雲 (Yamakawa asakumo):ほう...。うちの 二番目の 息子は ゴルフを 教えるのが 上手ですよ。プレーするのは 下手ですが。そうだ、天道さん。来週の土曜日、一緒に ゴルフを しましょう。うちの次男も 呼びますよ。 (Hō.... Uchi no niban-me no musuko wa gorufu o oshieru no ga jōzu desu yo. Purē suru no wa heta desu ga. Sō da, Tendō-san. Raishū no doyōbi, issho ni gorufu o shimashō. Uchi no jinan mo yobimasu yo.) |
| Yamakawa Tyouun: Oh. My second born son is really good at teaching golf, although he plays badly. I have an idea. Let’s play golf together next Saturday. I’ll call my son. |
| 天道 雷三:来週の土曜日は二十八日ですか...。いいですね。 (Raishū no doyōbi wa nijū-hachinichi desu ka.... Ii desu ne.) |
| Tendou Raizou: Next Saturday is the 28th? Okay. |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Naomi: ピーターさん (Pītā-san)、 how do you translate サラリーマン? (Sararīman?) |
| Peter: That’s a great question. It took me really long time to understand this concept but it’s basically a worker who receives a salary and that definition is kind of vague because everybody receives a salary. |
| Naomi: そうだよね。 (Sōda yo ne.) Even the president of a company receives salary. |
| Peter: So it’s kind of like company employee. |
| Naomi: なるほどね～。 (Naruhodo ne ~.) |
| Peter: Person who goes to the company in a suit and gets his salary. |
| Naomi: OL、っていうのもありますよね。 (Tte iu no mo arimasu yo ne.) For the female version of サラリーマン (Sararīman) |
| Peter: Office worker. |
| Naomi: Office lady. |
| Peter: That’s where it comes from. It’s pretty amazing and it’s funny. We had an intern here last year and he worked a bit on englishpod101 and they were doing a course called Japanglish and he had the best explanation of this. |
| Naomi: 何？(Nani?) |
| Peter: Oh well because in American English, OL is an offensive lineman. |
| Naomi: え、何？アメリカンフットボールの？ (E, nani? Amerikanfuttobōru no?) |
| Peter: That’s right. American football offensive lineman. So about I think 300 pounds, 6 ft 3. So a lot of times when a Japanese woman says her occupation is OL... |
| Naomi: 仕事は、OLです。 (Shigoto wa, OLdesu.) |
| Peter: So yeah I am an offensive lineman. |
| Naomi: I don’t think so. |
| Peter: Yeah. So office work is a pretty good translation there. So it looks like the four of them will be golfing next week. |
| Naomi: そうですね。来週の土曜日に、美雨のお父さんと山川先生、それから山川先生の息子さんがゴルフを一緒にします。 (Sōdesu ne. Raishū no doyōbi ni, Miu no otōsan to Yamakawa sensei, sorekara Yamakawa sensei no musuko-san ga gorufu o issho ni shimasu.) |
| Peter: So Mr. Tendo, Mr. Yamakawa and Mr. Yamakawa’s son are going to play golf next Saturday. |
| Naomi: そうですね。 (Sōdesu ne.) |
| Peter: You know what, I am rooting for the second oldest. |
| Naomi: なんで？ (Nande?) Why? I like Haruya. |
| Peter: I don’t really like Haruya. |
| Naomi: なんで？ (Nande?) Why not? |
| Peter: なんとなく。 (Nantonaku.) That’s like the best expression. I don’t know why なんとなく (Nantonaku) I can’t explain it. I don’t know why but I just don’t. |
| Naomi: そうですか。 (Sōdesu ka.) |
| Peter: See there is no response to that. |
| Naomi: そうね。 (Sō ne.) |
| Peter: Why don’t you – but why not なんとなく (Nantonaku). Okay and then Naomi Sensei just gives up. Most Japanese people just give up too. なんとなく。(Nantonaku.) |
| Naomi: そうね。 (Sō ne.) Small kids use that expression a lot. なんとなく。(Nantonaku.) |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Peter: Okay let’s move on to the vocab. Naomi Sensei, what do we have first? |
| Naomi: プロゴルファー (purogorufā) |
| Peter: Professional golfer. |
| Naomi: プロゴルファー、プロゴルファー (Purogorufā, purogorufā) |
| Peter: Next. |
| Naomi: ゴルフ (gorufu) |
| Peter: Golf. |
| Naomi: ゴルフ、ゴルフ (Gorufu, gorufu) |
| Peter: Next. |
| Naomi: ゴルフコース (gorufukōsu) |
| Peter: Golf course. |
| Naomi: ゴルフコース、ゴルフコース (Gorufukōsu, gorufukōsu) |
| Peter: Next. |
| Naomi: 歩く (aruku) |
| Peter: To walk. |
| Naomi: あるく、歩く (Aruku, aruku) |
| Peter: Next. |
| Naomi: 毎週 (maishū) |
| Peter: Every week. |
| Naomi: まいしゅう、毎週 (Ma ishū, maishū) |
| Peter: Next. |
| Naomi: 週末 (shūmatsu) |
| Peter: Weekend. |
| Naomi: しゅうまつ、週末 (Shū matsu, shūmatsu) |
| Peter: Next. |
| Naomi: パター (patā) |
| Peter: Putter |
| Naomi: パター、パター (Patā, patā) |
| Peter: Next |
| Naomi: 苦手 (nigate) |
| Peter: Poor at it. |
| Naomi: にがて、苦手 (Nigate, nigate) |
| Peter: Next. |
| Naomi: 教える (oshieru) |
| Peter: To teach. |
| Naomi: おしえる、教える (Oshieru, oshieru) |
| Peter: Next. |
| Naomi: プレーする (purēsuru) |
| Peter: To play. |
| Naomi: プレーする、プレーする (Purē suru, purē suru) |
| Peter: Next. |
| Naomi: 呼ぶ (Yobu) |
| Peter: To invite. |
| Naomi: よぶ、呼ぶ (Yobu, yobu) |
| VOCAB AND PHRASE USAGE |
| Peter: Okay, let’s take a look at the some useful phrases and vocabulary from this lesson. Naomi-sensei, what do we have first? |
| Naomi: 毎週末 (Maishū-sue) |
| Peter: every weekend, |
| Naomi: 毎 (Mai) means “every”ですよね。 (Desu yo ne.) So there are little words, which has 毎 (Mai), in front of the word. |
| Peter: You kinda think of it as a suffix to attach to make it as “every.” |
| Naomi: そう。たとえば 毎日 (Sō. Tatoeba Mainichi) |
| Peter: Every day. |
| Naomi: 毎朝 (Maiasa) |
| Peter: Every morning. |
| Naomi: 毎週 (Maishū) |
| Peter: Every week. |
| Naomi: 毎月 (Maitsuki) |
| Peter: Every month. |
| Naomi: Some people might say まいげつ。ピーターさんは毎日 (Mai-getsu. Pītā-san wa Mainichi) JapanesePod101.comを聞きますか。 (O kikimasu ka.) |
| Peter: はい、聞きます。 (Hai, kikimasu.) |
| Naomi: 本当？毎日？ (Hontō? Mainichi?) |
| Peter: Do you listen to JapanesePod101.com everyday? Yes, everyday! |
| Naomi: Really? |
| Peter: Yeah. |
| Naomi: Oh, I didn’t know that. |
| Peter: I’m afraid to ask you the question. |
| Naomi: Haha. |
| Peter: I think I already know the answer. Okay, here we go. |
| Naomi: Let’s move onto the grammar. |
Lesson focus |
|---|
| Peter: Okay what do we have first? |
| Naomi: Noun plus が苦手 (Ga nigate) |
| Peter: So not used to or kind of can’t get used to. |
| Naomi: そうね。例えば、まあ、犬が苦手です。 (Sō ne. Tatoeba, mā, inu ga nigatedesu.) |
| Peter: Yeah I am not really used to dogs or I can’t get used to dogs. So you don’t really like them, but it’s kind of a polite way of saying, you don’t like them. |
| Naomi: そうね。 (Sō ne.) Don’t like which is きらい (Kirai) is way too strong, way too direct. So Japanese people tend to use 苦手 (Nigate) instead of きらい (Kirai) |
| Peter: Now you have to be careful with 苦手 (Nigate) because there are several ways in which you could use it. We will get into that bit further but for now, when it’s が苦手 (Ga nigate), it’s usually simply translated don’t like. |
| Naomi: ん～、そうですね。 (N ~, sōdesune.) |
| Peter: But think of you know how you would say that in English politely. Yeah I am not really – I can’t get used to dogs or I am not used to dogs. |
| Naomi: Dog is not my favorite animal in the world. |
| Peter: Yeah exactly and that’s the nuance of 苦手... (Nigate...) cut to the chase don’t like but kind of dress it up and not so direct. Okay so next we are going to look at nominalizers. |
| Naomi: はあ～、大変。 (Hā ~, taihen.) |
| Peter: So a nominalizer is just something that’s attached to a verb or a phrase that makes it into a noun and Japanese use it quite a bit. So we have two mission critical nominalizers that are |
| Naomi: の (No) |
| Peter: And |
| Naomi: こと (Koto) |
| Peter: So a very common pattern is verb plus |
| Naomi: の (No) |
| Peter: And verb plus |
| Naomi: こと (Koto) |
| Peter: For this lesson, we are just going to focus on the dictionary form. So dictionary form of verb plus の (No), dictionary form of a verb plus こと (Koto) okay. What verb would you like to take Naomi Sensei? |
| Naomi: ん～、「する」 (N ~,`suru') |
| Peter: To do and let’s look at our first example. |
| Naomi: ゴルフをする (Gorufu o suru) |
| Peter: Play golf. |
| Naomi: ゴルフをするの (Gorufu o suru no) |
| Peter: To play golf or playing golf. |
| Naomi: 話す (Hanasu) |
| Peter: Speak. |
| Naomi: 話すこと (Hanasu koto) |
| Peter: To speak, speaking. So when you attach の (No) or こと (Koto), it nominalizes the verb. What does this mean Naomi Sensei? |
| Naomi: Like for example, you can’t say I like eat right? |
| Peter: Yeah. |
| Naomi: I like “to” eat something. |
| Peter: Exactly. So let’s have an example using a verb plus a nominalizer in a sentence and I think it will become clear. |
| Naomi: 私は、走るのが好きです。 (Watashi wa, hashiru no ga sukidesu.) |
| Peter: I like running, I like to run. Let’s go in and take a close look. First we have |
| Naomi: 私 (Watashi) |
| Peter: I |
| Naomi: は (Wa) |
| Peter: Topic marking particle. |
| Naomi: 走る (Hashiru) |
| Peter: Run. |
| Naomi: の (No) |
| Peter: Nominalizer. So we take 走る (Hashiru) plus の (No) and we get to run or running. |
| Naomi: が (Ga) |
| Peter: Subject marker. |
| Naomi: 好き (Suki) |
| Peter: Like |
| Naomi: です (Desu) |
| Peter: And this is for politeness. So we have I running to run like. I like to run, I like running. So without that の (No), the phrase just doesn’t work 私は走るが好き (Watashi wa hashiruga suki) |
| Naomi: ん～、変ね。 (N ~, hen ne.) |
| Peter: It’s not grammatically correct. |
| Naomi: I like run. みたいな感じですね。 (Mitaina kanjidesu ne.) |
| Peter: Yeah so you need that の (No) in there. So for の (No) and こと (Koto), we kind of translate it in the same way. Some people translate them a bit different but they are nominalizers. |
| Naomi: そうですね。 (Sōdesu ne.) There is further explanation in the PDF. |
| Peter: Basically の (No) is used to express something subjective where こと (Koto) is used to express something more general or more objective. |
| Naomi: あ～なるほどね。 (A ~ naruhodo ne.) Yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah. |
| Peter: Today’s lesson is focused on の (No). Just in my experience though, I kind of found like when you are talking about things you like, something something のが好き (No ga suki) is quite a common pattern, verb plus のが好き (No ga suki) |
| Naomi: え、ピーターさんは、何をするのが好きですか。 (E, pītā-san wa, nani o suru no ga sukidesu ka.) |
| Peter: 寝るのが好きです。 (Neru no ga sukidesu.) I like to sleep. |
| Naomi: 何か。。。 (Nani ka...) Sounds like Japanese people. |
| Peter: Because everybody is working so hard. |
| Naomi: みなさんは、何をするのが好きですか。 (Minasan wa, nani o suru no ga sukidesu ka.) |
Outro |
| Peter: So what do you like to do? So you can leave us a comment using this pattern. In the comments, we will give you some feedback. That’s going to do for today. |
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