Learn about expressing that you can do something part ii
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Naomi: 直美です。 (Naomidesu.) |
| Peter: Peter here. Able-bodied Japanese. In this lesson, we will learn how to express possibility or ability. For example, I can drive a car. |
| Naomi: 私は車が運転できます。 (Watashi wa kuruma ga unten dekimasu.) |
| Peter: This conversation takes place at |
| Naomi: 会社です。 (Kaishadesu.) |
| Peter: An office. The conversation is between |
| Naomi: 下山新さんと上司。 (Shimoyama Shin-san to jōshi.) |
| Peter: Mr. Shin Shimoyama and his boss. The boss uses informal Japanese and Mr. Shimoyama uses |
| Naomi: Formal Japanese. |
| DIALOGUE |
| 下山 新 (Shimoyama Shin): はい、下山です。 (Hai, Shimoyama desu.) |
| 上司 (Jōshi): 前田です。お疲れ様。 (Maeda desu. O-tsukare sama.) |
| 下山君、今からちょっと出られる? (Shimoyama-kun, ima kara chotto derareru?) |
| 下山 新 (Shimoyama Shin): ええ...まぁ。でも、どうしてですか。 (Ē... mā. Demo, dō shite desu ka.) |
| 上司 (Jōshi): 昼飯食べに行かない?おごるよ。 (Hirumeshi tabe ni ikanai? Ogoru yo.) |
| 下山 新 (Shimoyama Shin): お!めずらしい!ごちそう様です。 (O! Mezurashii! Gochisō-sama desu.) |
| 上司 (Jōshi): 辛いものは食べられる? (Karai mono wa taberareru?) |
| 下山 新 (Shimoyama Shin): ええ、食べれます。 (Ē, taberemasu.) |
| 上司 (Jōshi): じゃ、食べ放題の韓国料理屋に行こう。 (Ja, tabehōdai no kankoku ryōri-ya ni ikō.) じゃ、十五分後にロビーに来られる? (Ja, jūgo-fun go ni robī ni korareru?) |
| 下山 新 (Shimoyama Shin): はい。行けます。じゃ、十五分後に。 (Hai. Ikemasu. Ja, jūgo-fun go ni.) |
| もう一度、お願いします。今度は、ゆっくりお願いします。 (Mōichido, onegaishimasu. Kondo wa, yukkuri onegaishimasu.) |
| 下山 新 (Shimoyama Shin): はい、下山です。 (Hai, Shimoyama desu.) |
| 上司 (Jōshi): 前田です。お疲れ様。 (Maeda desu. O-tsukare sama.) |
| 下山君、今からちょっと出られる? (Shimoyama-kun, ima kara chotto derareru?) |
| 下山 新 (Shimoyama Shin): ええ...まぁ。でも、どうしてですか。 (Ē... mā. Demo, dō shite desu ka.) |
| 上司 (Jōshi): 昼飯食べに行かない?おごるよ。 (Hirumeshi tabe ni ikanai? Ogoru yo.) |
| 下山 新 (Shimoyama Shin): お!めずらしい!ごちそう様です。 (O! Mezurashii! Gochisō-sama desu.) |
| 上司 (Jōshi): 辛いものは食べられる? (Karai mono wa taberareru?) |
| 下山 新 (Shimoyama Shin): ええ、食べれます。 (Ē, taberemasu.) |
| 上司 (Jōshi): じゃ、食べ放題の韓国料理屋に行こう。 (Ja, tabehōdai no kankoku ryōri-ya ni ikō.) じゃ、十五分後にロビーに来られる? (Ja, jūgo-fun go ni robī ni korareru?) |
| 下山 新 (Shimoyama Shin): はい。行けます。じゃ、十五分後に。 (Hai. Ikemasu. Ja, jūgo-fun go ni.) |
| 今度は、英語が入ります。 (Kondo wa, eigo ga hairimasu.) |
| 下山 新 (Shimoyama Shin): はい、下山です。 (Hai, Shimoyama desu.) |
| SHIN SHIMOYAMA :Hello, Shimoyama here. |
| 上司 (Jōshi): 前田です。お疲れ様。 (Maeda desu. O-tsukare sama.) 下山君、今からちょっと出られる? (Shimoyama-kun, ima kara chotto derareru?) |
| SUPERIOR : This is Maeda. Can you come out for a moment Shimoyama? |
| 下山 新 (Shimoyama Shin): ええ...まぁ。でも、どうしてですか。 (Ē... mā. Demo, dō shite desu ka.) |
| SHIN SHIMOYAMA :Uh well... Sure. But what is this about? |
| 上司 (Jōshi): 昼飯食べに行かない?おごるよ。 (Hirumeshi tabe ni ikanai? Ogoru yo.) |
| SUPERIOR : Why don't we go out for lunch? My treat. |
| 下山 新 (Shimoyama Shin): お!めずらしい!ごちそう様です。 (O! Mezurashii! Gochisō-sama desu.) |
| SHIN SHIMOYAMA :Wow! Well this is unusual! Thank you. |
| 上司 (Jōshi): 辛いものは食べられる? (Karai mono wa taberareru?) |
| SUPERIOR : Can you eat spicy foods? |
| 下山 新 (Shimoyama Shin): ええ、食べれます。 (Ē, taberemasu.) |
| SHIN SHIMOYAMA :Sure I can. |
| 上司 (Jōshi): じゃ、食べ放題の韓国料理屋に行こう。 (Ja, tabehōdai no kankoku ryōri-ya ni ikō.) |
| SUPERIOR : Alright, then let's go to the all you can eat Korean place. |
| じゃ、十五分後にロビーに来られる? (Ja, jūgo-fun go ni robī ni korareru?) |
| Can you meet me in the lobby in 15 minutes? |
| 下山 新 (Shimoyama Shin): はい。行けます。じゃ、十五分後に。 (Hai. Ikemasu. Ja, jūgo-fun go ni.) |
| SHIN SHIMOYAMA :Yes, that should be fine. Alright, I'll see you in 15 minutes. |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Naomi: この二人、仲がいいでしょうね。 (Kono ni-ri, nakagaīdeshou ne.) |
| Peter: So they must have a good relationship. え、どうして？ (E, dōshite?) Why do you think so? |
| Naomi: だって下山さん (Datte Shimoyama-san) said, お、珍しい。ごちそうさまです。 (O, mezurashī. Gochisōsamadesu.) |
| Peter: You are going to buy me lunch. It’s not like you. Thank you very much. Actually ごちそうさま (Gochisōsama) is a really good phrase especially when you want someone to pay your bill. |
| Naomi: そうそうそう。 (Sō sō sō.) Put the bill away. あ、ピーターさん、ごちそうさまです。 (A, pītā-san, gochisōsamadesu.) |
| Peter: So you are saying, ah Peter, thanks for the meal. |
| Naomi: そうそうそう。 (Sō sō sō.) |
| Peter: So you are kind of hinting at me to pay for the meal or you could be more direct and say, おごってください。 (O go tte kudasai.) |
| Naomi: ああ、慣れてますね。 (Ā, naretemasu ne.) Sounds like you use that phrase quite often. |
| Peter: Yeah when I was a student especially. |
| Naomi: おごってください。先輩！ (O go tte kudasai. Senpai!) |
| Peter: で、直美先生もよく使いますね。 (De, Naomi sensei mo yoku tsukaimasu ne.) |
| Naomi: いや、これね、使わないです。 (Iya, kore ne, tsukawanaidesu.) |
| Peter: え～ごちそうさま。 (E ~ gochisōsama.) I have heard you say it several times with me. |
| Naomi: ああ、そうそうそう。 (Ā, sō sō sō.) I use ごちそうさま (Gochisōsama) quite a lot but not おごってください。絶対言わないです。おごってくださいは。 (O go tte kudasai. Zettai iwanaidesu. O go tte kudasai wa.) I never say おごってください (O go tte kudasai) because it’s too direct. |
| Peter: Yes Naomi Sensei prefers more indirect ways like ごちそうさま (Gochisōsama) or her favorite line is 財布忘れました。 (Saifu wasuremashita.) I forgot my wallet. That’s a pretty good one too. |
| Naomi: そうね。私たまに使いますね。 (Sō ne. Watashi tamani tsukaimasu ne.) |
| Peter: 多分、よく… (Tabun, yoku…) Not once in a while. Okay on to the vocabulary for this lesson. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Peter: First word. |
| Naomi: 珍しい (mezurashii) |
| Peter: Unusual, rare. |
| Naomi: (slow)めずらしい (Mezurashī) (natural speed) 珍しい (mezurashii) |
| Peter: Next. |
| Naomi: ごちそうさま (Gochisōsama) |
| Peter: I really enjoyed the meal, thank you for the meal. |
| Naomi: (slow)ごちそうさま (Gochisōsama) (natural speed) ごちそうさま (Gochisōsama) |
| Peter: Next. |
| Naomi: 辛い (karai) |
| Peter: Hot, spicy. |
| Naomi: (slow)からい (Karai) (natural speed) 辛い (karai) |
| Peter: Next. |
| Naomi: 食べ放題 (tabe hōdai) |
| Peter: All you can eat. |
| Naomi: (slow)たべほうだい (Tabehōdai) (natural speed) 食べ放題 (tabe hōdai) |
| Peter: Next. |
| Naomi: 15分後 (fun-go) |
| Peter: In 50 minutes, 50 minutes later. |
| Naomi: (slow)じゅうごふんご (Ji ~yuugofungo) (natural speed) 15分後 (fun-go) |
| VOCAB AND PHRASE USAGE |
| Peter: Let’s have a closer look at the usage for some of the words and phrases from this lesson. Naomi sensei, what’s the first word we will look at? |
| Naomi: 辛い (Tsurai) |
| Peter: Spicy, hot. |
| Naomi: This kanji can be read as つらい (Tsurai) painful or tough. |
| Peter: So you need to decide the meaning from the context. |
| Naomi: そうですね。 (Sōdesu ne.) And I like to introduce some flavor related vocab. |
| Peter: Okay flavor related vocab. |
| Naomi: 甘い (Amai) |
| Peter: Sweet. |
| Naomi: 辛い (Tsurai) |
| Peter: Spicy. |
| Naomi: しょっぱい (Shoppai) |
| Peter: Salty. |
| Naomi: 苦い (Nigai) |
| Peter: Bitter. |
| Naomi: すっぱい (Suppai) |
| Peter: Sour. |
| Naomi: そうですね。 (Sōdesu ne.) Some people might say 塩辛い (Shiokarai) instead of しょっぱい (Shoppai). |
| Peter: Really? |
| Naomi: I never use 塩辛い (Shiokarai) but I think people from different area use different vocab. So… |
| Peter: 私は聞いたことないです。 (Watashi wa kiita koto naidesu.) I have never heard of it. |
| Naomi: 東京の人は使わないかもしれないですね。 (Tōkyō no hito wa tsukawanai kamo shirenaidesu ne.) |
| Peter: So most likely people in Tokyo don’t use this phrase. |
| Naomi: 韓国料理は辛いですよね。 (Kankokuryōri wa tsuraidesu yo ne.) |
| Peter: Korean food is quite spicy. |
| Naomi: コーヒーは？ (Kōhī wa?) |
| Peter: 苦いですね。(Nigaidesu ne.) |
| Naomi: 苦いですね。 (Nigaidesu ne.) |
| Peter: It’s bitter. |
| Naomi: アメリカのケーキは？ (Amerika no kēki wa?) |
| Peter: 甘いですね。 (Amaidesu ne.) Very sweet. ものすごく甘いですね。 (Monosugoku amaidesu ne.) very – super sweet. |
| Naomi: It’s almost 甘すぎます (Ama sugimasu) for me. |
| Peter: So too sweet for you. |
| Naomi: うん。時々ね。 (Un. Tokidoki ne.) Sometimes. |
| Peter: Okay next we have a phrase. |
| Naomi: 15分後 (Pungo) |
| Peter: 15 minutes later or in 15 minutes. |
| Naomi: 15分 (Bun) |
| Peter: The first part of this means 15 minutes. |
| Naomi: 後 (Ato) |
| Peter: Means later. So when we attach 後 (Ato) to the end of a period of time, it means after that. |
| Naomi: So an hour is 1時間 (Jikan) So 1時間後 (Jikan-go) would be |
| Peter: In an hour. How would you say a week later? |
| Naomi: A week is 一週間 (Isshūkan). So 一週間後 (Isshūkan-go) |
| Peter: A week later. On to the grammar point. |
Lesson focus |
|---|
| Peter: Next. In this lesson, we will learn how to express possibility and ability. In the last lesson, we learned how to do this with class 1 verbs. So in this lesson, we will be focusing on how to conjugate class 2 and class 3 verbs into their potential form. Potential of course just means can. Now Naomi Sensei, can we have a sample sentence from the dialogue? |
| Naomi: 辛いものは食べられる？ (Karaimono wa tabe rareru?) |
| Peter: Can you eat spicy stuff? |
| Naomi: 辛い (Tsurai) |
| Peter: Spicy. |
| Naomi: もの (Mono) |
| Peter: Stuff. |
| Naomi: は (Wa) |
| Peter: Topic marking particle. |
| Naomi: 食べられる (Taberareru) |
| Peter: Literally to be able to eat. So literally we have spicy food, can you eat and of course it means, can you eat spicy food. |
| Naomi: 食べられる (Taberareru) means to be able to eat. |
| Peter: Now to form the potential of class 2 verbs, it’s very, very easy. Simply drop the る (Ru) and tack on られる (Rareru). I think the best way to illustrate this is with an example. |
| Naomi: はい。 (Hai.) |
| Peter: Naomi Sensei, can we have a class 2 verb. |
| Naomi: 食べる (Taberu) To eat. |
| Peter: Now we are going to drop the る (Ru) |
| Naomi: 食べ (Tabe) |
| Peter: Now it’s in its masu-stem. To the masu-stem, we are going to tack on |
| Naomi: られる (Rareru) |
| Peter: To get |
| Naomi: 食べられる (Taberareru) |
| Peter: To be able to eat. |
| Naomi: 私は辛いものが食べられる。 (Watashi wa tsurai mono ga tabe rareru.) |
| Peter: I can eat spicy food. Let’s have another example. What is the word for to quit. |
| Naomi: 止める (Tomeru) |
| Peter: Drop the る (Ru) to get the masu-stem. So drop the る (Ru), we have |
| Naomi: 止め (Tome) |
| Peter: Tack on. |
| Naomi: られる (Rareru) |
| Peter: And we have |
| Naomi: 止められる (Tomerareru) |
| Peter: So this means to be able to quit. |
| Naomi: お酒が止められる (O sake ga tomerareru) |
| Peter: I can quit drinking. |
| Naomi: タバコが止められる (Tabako ga tomerareru) |
| Peter: I can quit smoking. |
| Naomi: My friend is a chain smoker and he always says, 僕はいつでもタバコが止められる。(Boku wa itsu demo tabako ga tome rareru.) |
| Peter: So he always says, I can quit smoking any time. |
| Naomi: I don’t think so. |
| Peter: So Naomi Sensei, I often hear 食べれる (Tabereru) or 止めれる (Tome reru) instead of 食べられる (Taberareru) or 止められる (Tomerareru). What’s the main difference here? They are the same thing? |
| Naomi: Same thing. 両方とも正しいです。 (Ryōhō tomo tadashīdesu.) Both are correct. レッスンノートに載っているので、読んでください。 (Ressun'nōto ni notte irunode, yondekudasai.) |
| Peter: So please check out the PDF to kind of find out the difference but the short story is that it’s much easier to say and hence られる (Rareru) becomes れる (Reru). |
Outro |
| Naomi: じゃあ、また。 (Jā, mata.) |
| Peter: See you later. |
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