Learn about telling someone to do something
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Naomi: 直美です。 (Naomidesu.) |
| Peter: Peter here. One Word You Can’t Speak Japanese Without. In this lesson, you will learn how to say How to in Japanese such as |
| Naomi: 食べ方 (Tabekata) |
| Peter: How to eat, the way of eating. |
| Naomi: 読み方 (Yomikata) |
| Peter: How to read, the way of reading. We will also be focusing on the differences between formal and informal speech. |
| Naomi: And reviewing the te form of a verb. |
| Peter: This conversation takes place at |
| Naomi: 鎌倉のホテル (Kamakura no hoteru) |
| Peter: A hotel in Kamakura. |
| Naomi: 多分、ロビーですね。 (Tabun, robīdesu ne.) |
| Peter: Probably in the lobby. The conversation is between |
| Naomi: お客さんとガイドさん。 (Ogyakusan to gaido-san.) |
| Peter: Customers and a tour guide. |
| Naomi: お客さんとガイドさんはホテルにいます。 (Ogyakusan to gaido-san wa hoteru ni imasu.) |
| Peter: The conversation is between customers and a tour guide. Some customers speak in formal Japanese and others speak in informal Japanese but the tour guide is speaking in Naomi Sensei? |
| Naomi: Formal Japanese. では、聞いてください。 (Dewa, kiitekudasai.) |
| DIALOGUE |
| ガイド (Gaido): 皆さん、おはようございます。今から、自由時間です。 (Mina-san, ohayō gozaimasu. Ima kara, jiyū jikan desu.) 三時半に ホテルを 出発しますから、3時15分に ロビーに 集まってください。 (San-ji han ni hoteru o shuppatsu shimasu kara, san-ji jūgo-fun ni robī ni atsumatte kudasai.) では、気をつけて。いってらっしゃい! (Dewa, ki o tsukete. Itterasshai!) |
| 客1 (Kyaku 1): あのぉ、ガイドさん。地図の見方を 教えてください。 (Anō, gaido-san, chizu no mikata o oshiete kudasai.) |
| ガイド (Gaido): あ、はいはい。ホテルは これですね。それで... (A, hai hai. Hoteru wa kore desu ne. Sore de…) |
| 客2 (Kyaku 2): ちょっと、タクシー、呼んで。 (Chotto, takushī, yonde.) |
| ガイド (Gaido): あ、タクシーは 駅の前に います。 (A, takushī wa eki no mae ni imasu.) 駅まで歩いて2分位です。 (Eki made aruite ni-fun gurai desu.) |
| 客3 (Kyaku 3): ガイドさん、デジカメの使い方を 教えてください。 (Gaido-san, dejikame no tsukaikata o oshiete kudasai.) |
| ガイド (Gaido): あ、ちょっと 待ってくださいね。今、行きます。 (A, chotto matte kudasai ne. Ima, ikimasu.) |
| もう一度、お願いします。今度は、ゆっくりお願いします。 (Mōichido, onegaishimasu. Kondo wa, yukkuri onegaishimasu.) |
| ガイド (Gaido): 皆さん、おはようございます。今から、自由時間です。 (Mina-san, ohayō gozaimasu. Ima kara, jiyū jikan desu.) 三時半に ホテルを 出発しますから、3時15分に ロビーに 集まってください。 (San-ji han ni hoteru o shuppatsu shimasu kara, san-ji jūgo-fun ni robī ni atsumatte kudasai.) では、気をつけて。いってらっしゃい! (Dewa, ki o tsukete. Itterasshai!) |
| 客1 (Kyaku 1): あのぉ、ガイドさん。地図の見方を 教えてください。 (Anō, gaido-san, chizu no mikata o oshiete kudasai.) |
| ガイド (Gaido): あ、はいはい。ホテルは これですね。それで... (A, hai hai. Hoteru wa kore desu ne. Sore de…) |
| 客2 (Kyaku 2): ちょっと、タクシー、呼んで。 (Chotto, takushī, yonde.) |
| ガイド (Gaido): あ、タクシーは 駅の前に います。 (A, takushī wa eki no mae ni imasu.) 駅まで歩いて2分位です。 (Eki made aruite ni-fun gurai desu.) |
| 客3 (Kyaku 3): ガイドさん、デジカメの使い方を 教えてください。 (Gaido-san, dejikame no tsukaikata o oshiete kudasai.) |
| ガイド (Gaido): あ、ちょっと 待ってくださいね。今、行きます。 (A, chotto matte kudasai ne. Ima, ikimasu.) |
| 今度は、英語が入ります。 (Kondo wa, eigo ga hairimasu.) |
| ガイド (Gaido): 皆さん、おはようございます。今から、自由時間です。 (Mina-san, ohayō gozaimasu. Ima kara, jiyū jikan desu.) |
| GUIDE: Good morning everyone. You’ll have free time starting now. |
| 三時半に ホテルを 出発しますから、3時15分に ロビーに 集まってください。 (San-ji han ni hoteru o shuppatsu shimasu kara, san-ji jūgo-fun ni robī ni atsumatte kudasai.) |
| We’ll leave the hotel at three thirty, so please be at the hotel lobby at three fifteen. |
| では、気をつけて。いってらっしゃい! (Dewa, ki o tsukete. Itterasshai!) |
| Well then, be careful. I'll see you all later. |
| 客1 (Kyaku 1): あのぉ、ガイドさん。地図の見方を 教えてください。 (Anō, gaido-san, chizu no mikata o oshiete kudasai.) |
| PASSENGER 1: Umm, Mr. Guide. Please show me how to read a map. |
| ガイド (Gaido): あ、はいはい。ホテルは これですね。それで... (A, hai hai. Hoteru wa kore desu ne. Sore de…) |
| GUIDE: Right, right. This is the hotel. So, then we have... |
| 客2 (Kyaku 2): ちょっと、タクシー、呼んで。 (Chotto, takushī, yonde.) |
| PASSENGER 2: Hey, get me a taxi. |
| ガイド (Gaido): あ、タクシーは 駅の前に います。 (A, takushī wa eki no mae ni imasu.) 駅まで歩いて2分位です。 (Eki made aruite ni-fun gurai desu.) |
| GUIDE: Ah, there are taxis in front of the station. It's a two minute walk to the station. |
| 客3 (Kyaku 3): ガイドさん、デジカメの使い方を 教えてください。 (Gaido-san, dejikame no tsukaikata o oshiete kudasai.) |
| PASSENGER 3: Mr. Guide, please show me how to use a digital camera. |
| ガイド (Gaido): あ、ちょっと 待っててくださいね。今、行きます。 (A, chotto matte kudasai ne. Ima, ikimasu.) |
| GUIDE: Ah, please wait a moment. I'll be with you presently. |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Peter: Naomi Sensei タクシーは駅の前にいます。 (Takushī wa eki no mae ni imasu.) Ah there are taxis in front of the station. I found this sentence kind of interesting. |
| Naomi: Oh you mean the usage of います? (Imasu?) |
| Peter: そうですね。 (Sōdesu ne.) いる (Iru) or います (Imasu). This is usually used for animate objects and ある (Aru) or あります (Arimasu) is used for inanimate objects. |
| Naomi: That’s what is usually written in the textbooks, I believe. |
| Peter: You don’t read the textbooks, okay. |
| Naomi: でも (Demo) In the conversation, I would say both タクシーは駅の前にあります (Takushī wa eki no mae ni arimasu) and タクシーは駅の前にいます (Takushī wa eki no mae ni imasu) sound natural to me. |
| Peter: じゃあ、違いは何ですか？ (Jā, chigai wa nanidesu ka?) What’s the difference? |
| Naomi: うーん。エンジン？エンジンじゃないですかね。 (U ̄n. Enjin? Enjin janaidesu ka ne.) |
| Peter: Whether or not it has an Engine? |
| Naomi: No, no, no the engine is on or not or whether people are in or not. |
| Peter: I think it’s the latter personally. You know like the person operating the vehicle is an extension. It’s kind of like the vehicle is an extension of the person operating it and that’s why it’s いる (Iru) like an animate thing. |
| Naomi: 時々 (Tokidoki) vehicle は (Wa) Animated object for Japanese people. Some people treat vehicles as a human right? They say the word 顔 (Kao) for the front view. |
| Peter: Very interesting. |
| Naomi: 例えば、私ビートルの顔好き、とか。 (Tatoeba, watashi bītoru no kao-suki, toka.) |
| Peter: I like the front of the Beetle car. |
| Naomi: そうそうそう。 (Sō sō sō.) because they have eyes and nose and mouth right? |
| Peter: I see your point. |
| Naomi: かな？ (Ka na?) |
| Peter: Let’s take a look at the vocabulary for this lesson. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Naomi: 集まる (atsumaru) |
| Peter: To gather. |
| Naomi: (slow)あつまる (Atsumaru) (natural speed) 集まる (atsumaru) |
| Peter: Next word |
| Naomi: 地図 (chizu) |
| Peter: Map. |
| Naomi: (slow)ちず (chizu) (natural speed) 地図 (chizu) |
| Peter: Next word |
| Naomi: 教える (oshieru) |
| Peter: To teach, to tell. |
| Naomi: (slow)おしえる (Oshieru) (natural speed) 教える (oshieru) |
| Peter: Next word |
| Naomi: デジカメ (dejikame) |
| Peter: Digital camera. |
| Naomi: (slow)デジカメ (Dejikame) (natural speed) デジカメ (dejikame) |
| Peter: Next word. |
| Naomi: 使う (Tsukau) |
| Peter: To use. |
| Naomi: (slow)つかう (Tsukau) (natural speed) 使う (Tsukau) |
| VOCAB AND PHRASE USAGE |
| Peter: Okay let’s have a closer look at the usage for some of the words and phrases from this lesson. Naomi Sensei, what’s the first thing we’ll look at? |
| Naomi: 歩いて2分 (Aruite 2-bu) |
| Peter: Two minutes on foot. 歩いて (Aruite) is the te form of the verb |
| Naomi: 歩く (Aruku) |
| Peter: To walk and it can be translated as on foot. Now in the previous lesson, we introduced |
| Naomi: 歩きで (Aruki de) and 徒歩で (Toho de) |
| Peter: Both also on foot. Now they can replace 歩いて (Aruite) in this case right? |
| Naomi: はい、そうです。歩きで2分。徒歩で2分。徒歩 (Hai,-sōdesu. Aruki de 2-bu. Toho de 2-bu. Toho) sounds a little formal. |
| Peter: But they both mean and they all mean two minutes by foot. |
| Naomi: そうです。 (Sōdesu.) |
| Peter: So can we have a sample sentence from the dialogue? |
| Naomi: 駅まで歩いて2分くらいです。 (Eki made aruite 2-bu kuraidesu.) |
| Peter: So it takes about 2 minutes to get to the station on foot. |
| Naomi: ピーターさんのうちから駅まで歩いて何分ですか？ (Pītā-san no uchi kara eki made aruite nan-budesu ka?) |
| Peter: そうですね。歩いて15分くらいですね。で、直美先生は？ (Sōdesu ne. Aruite 15-bu kuraidesu ne. De, Naomi sensei wa?) |
| Naomi: うーん。歩いて10分、ですね。 (U ̄n. Aruite 10-bu,desu ne.) |
| Peter: So from my house to the station, it is about 15 minutes by foot and for Naomi Sensei, it’s about 10 minutes and the reason this is so important and there are so many different ways to kind of talk about it is so many Japanese people live near the station. |
| Naomi: ああ、そうですね。 (Ā, sōdesune.) At least in Tokyo area. |
| Peter: To the degree that if you are looking at an advertisement for a place to rent, they always have |
| Naomi: 徒歩で2分 (Toho de 2-bu) |
| Peter: Two minutes by foot from the station. |
| Naomi: 歩きで2分。歩いて2分。(Aruki de 2-bu. Aruite 2-bu.) |
| Peter: Okay what’s the next word? |
| Naomi: 方 (Hō) as in 見方 (Mikata) |
| Peter: How to look or way of looking. |
| Naomi: 使い方 (Tsukaikata) |
| Peter: How to use or way of using. Now 方 (Hō) means the way and it’s used as a suffix in this lesson. When 方 (Hō) is attached to the masu stem of the verb, it means the way to do the verb or how to do the verb. I think Naomi Sensei, we could probably explain better with an example. What do we have? |
| Naomi: 使う (Tsukau) |
| Peter: To use. What’s the masu form? |
| Naomi: 使います (Tsukaimasu) |
| Peter: So we are just going to use the masu stem which is |
| Naomi: 使い (Tsukai) |
| Peter: Now add 方 (Hō) |
| Naomi: 使い方 (Tsukaikata) |
| Peter: How to use or |
| Naomi: Way of using. |
| Peter: Let’s do one more. How about the verb to look? |
| Naomi: 見る (Miru) |
| Peter: Masu form is |
| Naomi: 見ます (Mimasu) |
| Peter: Masu stem |
| Naomi: 見 (Mi) |
| Peter: Now we are going to attach or append 方 (Hō). |
| Naomi: 見方 (Mikata) |
| Peter: And this is how to look or way of looking. |
| Naomi: でも、気をつけてください。 (Demo, kiwotsukete kudasai.) but be careful. The usage of the particles is a bit tricky. |
| Peter: How so? |
| Naomi: To use a camera is カメラを使う。 (Demo, kiwotsukete kudasai.) |
| Peter: So in this case, the object is marked by the particle を (O). |
| Naomi: But with 使い方 (Tsukaikata), the object should be marked by の (No). So カメラの使い方。 (Kamera no tsukaikata.) |
| Peter: Okay so notice that the noun before the verb is marked with the particle の (No). Can we have that phrase again? |
| Naomi: カメラを使う (Kamera o tsukau) |
| Peter: So to use a camera. |
| Naomi: カメラの使い方 (Kamera no tsukaikata) |
| Peter: How to use a camera or the way of using a camera. |
| Naomi: PDFを見てください。 (O mite kudasai.) |
| Peter: Okay and not to confuse you too much but here is a sample sentence that if you have any questions about, be sure to stop by. お願いします。 (Onegaishimasu.) |
| Naomi: カメラの使い方を教えてください。 (Kamera no tsukaikata o oshietekudasai.) |
| Peter: Literally please teach me how to use a camera but in natural English, can you show me how to use a camera and Naomi Sensei, one more thing. This is for people new to Japanese. This phrase 教えてください。 (Oshietekudasai.) |
| Naomi: はい。 (Hai.) |
| Peter: This is please teach me or please tell me. |
| Naomi: Or show me. |
| Peter: It kind of means all these things. |
| Naomi: Give me the instruction. |
| Peter: And a lot of times in English, it’s like you know give me your number or tell me your number and in that case, you are going to want to use this verb 教えてください。 (Oshietekudasai.) It’s not 伝えてください。 (Tsutaete kudasai.) which is the literal translation please tell. It’s 教えてください。 (Oshietekudasai.) |
| Naomi: 教えてください (Oshietekudasai) is like give me some kind of information. |
| Peter: Exactly. So while it does mean to teach, it also has a meaning of tell me. This is very important for native English speakers because a lot of times, this tells me or gives me some kind of information that is used so much but Japanese corresponding verb is not a direct translation. In this case, it’s 教える (Oshieru)。教えて (Oshiete) give me, tell me. Give me your number. |
| Naomi: Yeah I heard some Japanese people saying, teach me your telephone number. |
| Peter: Yep. It’s one of the biggest mistakes. |
| Naomi: そうだよね。(Sōda yo ne.) |
| Peter: Teach me your email and what they are doing is they are directly translating this verb. |
| Naomi: Right. |
| Peter: 教える。(Oshieru.) So don’t make the same mistake when going back. Look up how you would say it in English and try to use that word. This is the word you are looking for. Okay on to this lesson’s grammar point. |
Lesson focus |
|---|
| Peter: In this lesson, we are going to review sentence structures that contain the te form of a verb. First of all, when you want someone to do something, Naomi Sensei we use |
| Naomi: Te form plus ください. (Kudasai) |
| Peter: This was introduced in beginner series, season 4, lessons 9 to 12. Sample sentence please. |
| Naomi: 写真を撮ってください。 (Shashin o totte kudasai.) |
| Peter: Please take a picture. Now let’s break down the sentence. First we have |
| Naomi: 写真 (Shashin) |
| Peter: Picture. |
| Naomi: を (O) |
| Peter: Object marking particle. |
| Naomi: 撮って (Totte) |
| Peter: The te form of the verb 撮る (Toru), to take and finally |
| Naomi: ください (Kudasai) |
| Peter: Please. Literally picture, take please. Of course, please take a picture. Now in informal situations, from this phrase, we can drop something. |
| Naomi: ください (Kudasai) |
| Peter: And that’s because it’s inferred by the speaker. |
| Naomi: 写真を撮って。 (Shashin o totte.) |
| Peter: Take a picture and this is of course you can imagine this being used in a very casual situation or something where you are rushing. |
| Naomi: そうですね。写真撮って。 (Sōdesu ne. Shashin totte.) |
| Peter: Ah you know what now you are probably na I would say just informal situations. You don’t want to be a little rude. So on to the next usage. |
| Naomi: Te form plus います。 (Imasu.) |
| Peter: Now with this structure, you can express an ongoing action or situation. Can we have a sample sentence please? |
| Naomi: ガイドは写真を撮っています。 (Gaido wa shashin o totte imasu.) |
| Peter: The tour guide is taking photos. Te plus いる (Iru), this is an ongoing action. English equivalent is kind of something similar to the present progressive. |
| Naomi: Right ing right? |
| Peter: Doing something and can we have that one more time? |
| Naomi: ガイドは写真を撮っています。 (Gaido wa shashin o totte imasu.) |
| Peter: Now います (Imasu) this is polite. This is formal speech right? |
| Naomi: はい、そうです。 (Hai,-sōdesu.) |
| Peter: How do we change this to informal? |
| Naomi: Change います (Imasu) to いる (Iru). |
| Peter: Which is the corresponding dictionary form. So we have |
| Naomi: ガイドは写真を撮っている。 (Gaido wa shashin o totte iru.) |
| Peter: And this is a type of speech you would use when you are talking to close friends and people in our circle. Now this grammar was covered in beginner series season 4, lessons 13 and 14. Let’s now just quickly recap what we covered in this review section. |
| Naomi: はい。 (Hai.) |
| Peter: Naomi Sensei, please take a picture. |
| Naomi: 写真を撮ってください。 (Shashin o totte kudasai.) |
| Peter: Take a picture and in this case, we are not going to use the polite form with the Japanese word for please inferred. |
| Naomi: 写真を撮って (Shashin o totte) or you can drop を (O) and say 写真撮って。 (Shashin totte.) |
| Peter: Which is a very short way of saying it. Okay I am taking a photo. |
| Naomi: 私は写真を撮っています。 (Watashi wa shashin o totte imasu.) |
| Peter: Informal speech. |
| Naomi: 写真を撮っている。 (Shashin o totte iru.) |
| Peter: Same meaning but 私は (Watashi wa) is dropped and 撮っています (Totte imasu) becomes 撮っている (Totte iru). |
| Naomi: Again you can drop object marker を (O) and say 写真撮っている。 (Shashin totte iru.) |
Outro |
| Peter: Now we have more sample sentences inside the PDF. We also have a chart for reviewing the conjugations of the te form of a verb. So please be sure to stop by japanesepod101.com and download our lesson notes. |
| Naomi: And please also review the usage of てもいいですか。 (Te mo īdesu ka.) |
| Peter: May I something, something. |
| Naomi: てはいけません。 (Te wa ikemasen.) |
| Peter: You can’t do something, something. |
| Naomi: It’s all in the PDF. じゃあ、また。 (Jā, mata.) |
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