Review two verb forms, which are the dictionary form and the masu form
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Naomi: 直美です。 (Naomidesu.) |
| Peter: Peter here. The Right Way to Sightsee In Japan. Now this is part 2 of season 4. Part 1 consisted of lessons 1 to 25. Part 2 of season 4 will consist of lessons from 26 to 50. Now in the previous 25 lessons, we covered a lot of important grammar. So we decide to spare more time for reviewing what we have learned. |
| Naomi: そうですね。 (Sōdesu ne.) That’s right. In this lesson, we are going to review two verb forms which are the dictionary form and the masu form. |
| Peter: This conversation is between |
| Naomi: 観光ガイドとお客さん。 (Kankō gaido to ogyakusan.) A tour guide and a customer. |
| Peter: The conversation takes place at |
| Naomi: バスの中ですかね。 (Basu no nakadesu ka ne.) |
| Peter: I think they are in the bus. And they are going to |
| Naomi: 鎌倉 (Kamakura) the famous tourist place. |
| Peter: The tour guide speaks in? |
| Naomi: Formal Japanese. |
| Peter: But the customer speaks in |
| Naomi: Informal Japanese because they are customers. |
| Peter: So a very nice chance to see the comparison. Okay let’s listen to this conversation. |
| DIALOGUE |
| ガイド (Gaido): 皆様、おはよう ございます。 (Mina-sama, ohayō gozaimasu.) 私は 観光ガイドの 下山新(しもやま・しん)と申します。どうぞ よろしく おねがい いたします。 (Watashi wa kankō gaido no Shimoyama Shin to mōshimasu. Dōzo yoroshiku o-negai itashimasu.) では、今日の予定を 言いますね。 (Dewa, kyō no yotei o iimasu ne.) まず、このバスで 北鎌倉に 行きます。 (Mazu, kono basu de Kita-kamakura ni ikimasu.) 北鎌倉で 円覚寺(えんがくじ)と 明月院(めいげついん)を 観光します。 (Kita-kamakura de Engaku-ji to Meigetsu-in o kankō shimasu.) それから、電車で 鎌倉駅に 行きます。 (Sore kara, densha de Kamakura-eki ni ikimasu.) |
| 客 (Kyaku): ねぇ、ガイドさん、何時に 北鎌倉に 着く? (Nē, gaido-san, nan-ji ni Kita-kamakura ni tsuku?) |
| ガイド (Gaido): そうですねぇ。たぶん...10時半ごろに 着きます。 (Sō desu nē. Tabun...10-ji-han goro ni tsukimasu.) |
| 客 (Kyaku): 今、何時ですか。 (Ima, nan-ji desu ka.) |
| ガイド (Gaido): 九時半です。 (Ku-ji-han desu.) |
| 客 (Kyaku): ふーん。で、お昼は どこで 食べる? (Fūn. De, o-hiru wa doko de taberu?) |
| ガイド (Gaido): 北鎌倉の駅の近くで 食べます。 (Kita-kamakura no eki no chikaku de tabemasu.) |
| もう一度、お願いします。今度は、ゆっくりお願いします。 (Mōichido, onegaishimasu. Kondo wa, yukkuri onegaishimasu.) |
| ガイド (Gaido): 皆様、おはよう ございます。 (Mina-sama, ohayō gozaimasu.) 私は 観光ガイドの 下山新(しもやま・しん)と申します。どうぞ よろしく おねがい いたします。 (Watashi wa kankō gaido no Shimoyama Shin to mōshimasu. Dōzo yoroshiku o-negai itashimasu.)では、今日の予定を 言いますね。 (Dewa, kyō no yotei o iimasu ne.) まず、このバスで 北鎌倉に 行きます。 (Mazu, kono basu de Kita-kamakura ni ikimasu.) 北鎌倉で 円覚寺(えんがくじ)と 明月院(めいげついん)を 観光します。 (Kita-kamakura de Engaku-ji to Meigetsu-in o kankō shimasu.) それから、電車で 鎌倉駅に 行きます。 (Sore kara, densha de Kamakura-eki ni ikimasu.) |
| 客 (Kyaku): ねぇ、ガイドさん、何時に 北鎌倉に 着く? (Nē, gaido-san, nan-ji ni Kita-kamakura ni tsuku?) |
| ガイド (Gaido): そうですねぇ。たぶん...10時半ごろに 着きます。 (Sō desu nē. Tabun...10-ji-han goro ni tsukimasu.) |
| 客 (Kyaku): 今、何時ですか。 (Ima, nan-ji desu ka.) |
| ガイド (Gaido): 九時半です。 (Ku-ji-han desu.) |
| 客 (Kyaku): ふーん。で、お昼は どこで 食べる? (Fūn. De, o-hiru wa doko de taberu?) |
| ガイド (Gaido): 北鎌倉の駅の近くで 食べます。 (Kita-kamakura no eki no chikaku de tabemasu.) |
| 今度は、英語が入ります。 (Kondo wa, eigo ga hairimasu.) |
| ガイド (Gaido): 皆様、おはよう ございます。 (Mina-sama, ohayō gozaimasu.) 私は 観光ガイドの 下山新(しもやま・しん)と申します。 (Watashi wa kankō gaido no Shimoyama Shin to mōshimasu.) |
| GUIDE: Good morning, everyone. My name is Shin Shimoyama, and I'll be your tour guide. |
| どうぞ よろしく おねがい いたします。 (Dōzo yoroshiku o-negai itashimasu.) では、今日の予定を 言いますね。 (Dewa, kyō no yotei o iimasu ne.) |
| I look forward to our trip together. Now I will tell you today's itinerary. |
| まず、このバスで 北鎌倉に 行きます。 (Mazu, kono basu de Kita-kamakura ni ikimasu.) |
| First, this bus will take us to North Kamakura. |
| 北鎌倉で 円覚寺(えんがくじ)と 明月院(めいげついん)を 観光します。 (Kita-kamakura de Engaku-ji to Meigetsu-in o kankō shimasu.) |
| We will tour Engakuji and Meigetsuin at North Kamakura. |
| それから、電車で 鎌倉駅に 行きます。 (Sore kara, densha de Kamakura-eki ni ikimasu.) |
| Then, we will go to Kamakura station by train. |
| 客 (Kyaku): ねぇ、ガイドさん、何時に 北鎌倉に 着く? (Nē, gaido-san, nan-ji ni Kita-kamakura ni tsuku?) |
| PASSENGER: Hey, Mr. Guide, what time will we arrive at Kita Kamakura? |
| ガイド (Gaido): そうですねぇ。たぶん...10時半ごろに 着きます。 (Sō desu nē. Tabun...10-ji-han goro ni tsukimasu.) |
| GUIDE: Hmm, probably around ten thirty. |
| 客 (Kyaku): 今、何時ですか。 (Ima, nan-ji desu ka.) |
| PASSENGER: What time is it now? |
| ガイド (Gaido): 九時半です。 (Ku-ji-han desu.) |
| GUIDE: Nine thirty. |
| 客 (Kyaku): ふーん。で、お昼は どこで 食べる? (Fūn. De, o-hiru wa doko de taberu?) |
| PASSENGER: Is that right? Harrumph. Where will we eat lunch? |
| ガイド (Gaido): 北鎌倉の駅の近くで 食べます。 (Kita-kamakura no eki no chikaku de tabemasu.) |
| GUIDE: We'll eat close to Kita Kamakura station. |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Peter: Naomi Sensei, have you ever been to Kamakura? |
| Naomi: Of course I have. I went to Kamakura last month. That’s why I wrote this story. I am running out of the idea. |
| Peter: Okay. Some of our listeners may know where Kamakura is and what Kamakura is famous for but maybe it will be a good idea if we could tell a little bit about Kamakura. |
| Naomi: そうですね。 (Sōdesu ne.) I agree. |
| Peter: So first Naomi Sensei. |
| Naomi: はい。 (Hai.) |
| Peter: 鎌倉はどこですか。 (Kamakura wa dokodesu ka.) Where is Kamakura? |
| Naomi: 東京の南です。 (Tōkyō no minamidesu.) To the south of Tokyo. 鎌倉は小さい町です。でもたくさんお寺があります。 (Kamakura wa chīsai machidesu. Demo takusan otera ga arimasu.) |
| Peter: It’s a small town but there are lots of temples. |
| Naomi: はい、そうです。 (Hai,-sōdesu.) |
| Peter: Kamakura used to be the capital of Japan. Is that correct? |
| Naomi: そうですね。 (Sōdesu ne.) During the Kamakura Shogunate era. |
| Peter: 東京からどのくらいですか。 (Tōkyō kara dono kuraidesu ka.) How long does it take to get there from Tokyo? |
| Naomi: From Tokyo 一時間くらい、かな。 (Ichi-jikan kurai, ka na.) Maybe an hour train ride from Tokyo. I think Kamakura is a perfect place for a daytrip from Tokyo なので、是非行ってください。ピーターさんは、鎌倉は行ったことあります？ (Nanode, zehi itte kudasai. Pītā-san wa, Kamakura wa okonatta koto arimasu?) |
| Peter: ないですね。 (Naidesu ne.) |
| Naomi: 是非、行ってください。 (Zehi, itte kudasai.) |
| Peter: はい、わかりました。 (Hai, wakarimashita.) So Naomi Sensei asked if I had ever been to Kamakura and my answer was, I haven’t. |
| Naomi: 行ったことないんですね。 (Itta koto nai ndesu ne.) |
| Peter: So I am definitely going to go. |
| Naomi: ねぇ。 (Ne~e.) I can’t believe you haven’t been there. |
| Peter: I know. |
| Naomi: ねぇ。 (Ne~e.) |
| Peter: Okay on to the vocabulary phrases. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Naomi: 観光 (kankō) |
| Peter: Sightseeing. |
| Naomi: (slow)かんこう (Kankō) (natural speed) 観光 (kankō) |
| Peter: Next word. |
| Naomi: ガイド (gaido) |
| Peter: Tour guide. |
| Naomi: (slow)ガイド (Gaido) (natural speed) ガイド (gaido) |
| Peter: Next word. |
| Naomi: まず (mazu) |
| Peter: First of all, to start with. |
| Naomi: (slow)まず (mazu) (natural speed) まず (mazu) |
| Peter: Next word. |
| Naomi: 頃 (Koro) |
| Peter: About, around. |
| Naomi: (slow)ごろ (goro) (natural speed) 頃 (Koro) |
| Peter: Next word. |
| Naomi: 近く (chikaku) |
| Peter: Near. |
| Naomi: (slow)ちかく (Chikaku) (natural speed) 近く (chikaku) |
| VOCAB AND PHRASE USAGE |
| Peter: Naomi sensei, what’s the first word we are going to look at? |
| Naomi: 観光 (Kankō) |
| Peter: Sightseeing. |
| Naomi: 観光 (Kankō) |
| Peter: Is a noun but when |
| Naomi: をする (O suru) |
| Peter: Or |
| Naomi: する (Suru) |
| Peter: Is attached, it becomes a verb. So for example |
| Naomi: 観光する (Kankō suru) |
| Peter: So this literally means to do sightseeing but of course in proper English, to go sightseeing or to site see. Next we have |
| Naomi: 客 (Kyaku) is a guest or visitor. So if we say 観光客 (Kankōkyaku) that will be |
| Peter: A person sightseeing or a tourist, a visitor. |
| Naomi: そうですね。観光バス (Sōdesu ne. Kankō basu) will be the |
| Peter: Tour bus. |
| Naomi: Tour bus ああ、なるほどね。 (Ā, naruhodo ne.) and if you put the kanji for place |
| Peter: After |
| Naomi: 観光 (Kankō) That will be 観光地 (Kankō-chi) |
| Peter: Sightseeing area or tourist site. |
| Naomi: そうですね。鎌倉は観光地です。 (Sōdesu ne. Kamakura wa kankō-chidesu.) |
| Peter: Kamakura is a sightseeing area or tourist spot. |
| Naomi: ニューヨークも観光地ですか？ピーターさん。 (Nyūyōku mo kankō-chidesu ka? Pītā-san.) |
| Peter: Hmm, is New York a tourist site? I think they have tourist locations and maybe it is, that’s a good question. |
| Naomi: There are so many 観光客 (Kankōkyaku) in New York right 観光客がたくさんいますね。 (Kankōkyaku ga takusan imasu ne.) |
| Peter: There are a lot of visitors, a lot of tourists in New York but I am not sure if we can call New York itself a tourist location or a tourist site. It has a lot of them. |
| Naomi: そうね。 (Sō ne.) |
| Peter: But maybe it is. |
| Naomi: なるほど。 (Naruhodo.) |
| Peter: Good question. Okay next word is |
| Naomi: 頃 (Koro) |
| Peter: About, around. When a time expression precedes 頃。頃 (Koro.-Goro) means around or about. For example |
| Naomi: 六時頃 (Roku jikoro) |
| Peter: About six. |
| Naomi: 毎日六時頃、起きます。 (Mainichi roku jikoro, okimasu.) |
| Peter: I get up around 6. |
| Naomi: ピーターさんは何時頃起きますか？ (Pītā-san wa nandokigoro okimasu ka?) |
| Peter: そうですね。うーん。 (Sōdesu ne.U ̄n.) 8時頃ですね。 (8-Ji korodesu ne.) So I get up around 8. |
| Naomi: 何時頃寝ますか。 (Nandokigoro nemasu ka.) |
| Peter: So around what time they go to sleep 四時頃ですね。 (Shi-ji korodesu ne.) Around 4 AM. |
| Naomi: Crazy! |
| Peter: え、直美先生は？ (E, Naomi sensei wa?) |
| Naomi: 12時頃に寝ます。 (12-Ji koro ni nemasu.) |
| Peter: So around midnight. |
| Naomi: 朝は8時頃、起きます。 (Asa wa 8 jikoro, okimasu.) |
| Peter: So you get up around 8. |
| Naomi: そうですね。 (Sōdesu ne.) |
| Peter: Okay on to today’s grammar point. |
Lesson focus |
|---|
| Peter: Naomi Sensei, this lesson was made to review two things. First. |
| Naomi: How to tell time. |
| Peter: And the second, the verb conjugation between dictionary form and the masu form. There is a detailed write up about time and verb conjugation in our lesson notes. So be sure to pick that up at the site. Now here we would like to look at informal speech and formal speech reviewing the verb conjugation between the dictionary form and the masu form. So let’s take a look at the sentence from the dialogue. |
| Naomi: 電車で鎌倉駅に行きます。 (Densha de Kamakura-eki ni ikimasu.) |
| Peter: To go to Kamakura station by train. Now can you put the subject at the beginning and say the same sentence again? |
| Naomi: 私達は電車で鎌倉駅に行きます。 (Watashitachi wa densha de Kamakura-eki ni ikimasu.) |
| Peter: We will go to Kamakura station by train. Now let’s break down this sentence. |
| Naomi: 私達は (Watashitachi wa) |
| Peter: We and the topic-marking particle は (Wa). |
| Naomi: 電車で (Densha de) |
| Peter: By train. We have the word for train. |
| Naomi: 電車 (Densha) |
| Peter: And the particle で (De). Here it means by, by train. Next we have |
| Naomi: 鎌倉駅に (Kamakura-eki ni) |
| Peter: To Kamakura station. Here the に (Ni) particle indicates direction. |
| Naomi: 行きます (Ikimasu) |
| Peter: To go or will go. Literally we by train to Kamakura station will go. Of course, we will go to Kamakura station by train. Now Naomi Sensei, what’s the formality level of this sentence? |
| Naomi: Formal. |
| Peter: Now when would we use this type of speech formally? |
| Naomi: When people are talking to their bosses, teachers, clients or strangers. |
| Peter: Basically people of higher social status. |
| Naomi: はい。 (Hai.) And we use dictionary form when we are talking to friends. |
| Peter: And in the past, we of course referred to the dictionary form as the informal. It’s a much more casual way of speaking. Now what’s the corresponding dictionary form of 行きます？ (Ikimasu?) |
| Naomi: 行く (Iku) |
| Peter: Can you say the same sentence, the one we’ve just introduced using the dictionary form? |
| Naomi: 私達は電車で鎌倉駅に行く。 (Watashitachi wa densha de Kamakura-eki ni iku.) |
| Peter: We will go to Kamakura station by train. Now the only difference is the verb form. Informal speech you use. |
| Naomi: 行きます (Ikimasu) |
| Peter: In informal speech, you say |
| Naomi: 行く (Iku) |
| Peter: This verb conjugation was introduced in Nihongo Dojo, Style You and Beyond, Lesson 19 through 22. So you may want to check out those lessons. Now let’s take a look at the question sentences. |
| Naomi: It’s easy. Just add か (Ka) at the end of the sentence for formal speech. |
| Peter: So basically what Naomi Sensei is saying, to form a question in Japanese, the sentence is exactly the same. |
| Naomi: はい。 (Hai.) |
| Peter: The only difference, at the end of the sentence, we use the question marking particle か (Ka). Now this isn’t always the case but this is what we are introducing today. |
| Naomi: 私達は、電車で鎌倉駅に行きます。 (Watashitachi wa, densha de Kamakura-eki ni ikimasu.) |
| Peter: We will go to Kamakura station by train. So this is a statement. It ends with a period. Now pay attention to the change in what’s coming up. |
| Naomi: 私達は、電車で鎌倉駅に行きますか？ (Watashitachi wa, densha de Kamakura-eki ni ikimasu ka?) |
| Peter: Will we go to Kamakura station by train? That か (Ka) at the end makes the sentence into a question. That’s it. No changing of the word order like in English. Just か (Ka) at the end. |
| Naomi: As for informal speech, you don’t have to put anything. Just raise the intonation. |
| Peter: So we have |
| Naomi: 電車で鎌倉駅に行く。 (Densha de Kamakura-eki ni iku.) |
| Peter: We will go to Kamakura station by train. Now pay attention to the intonation on what’s coming up. |
| Naomi: 電車で鎌倉駅に行く？ (Densha de Kamakura-eki ni iku?) |
| Peter: Will we go to Kamakura station by train? Also notice how 私達は (Watashitachi wa) was dropped. One more time. |
| Naomi: 電車で鎌倉駅に行く？ピーターさん、私お腹ぺこぺこです。 (Densha de Kamakura-eki ni iku? Pītā-san, watashi onaka pekopekodesu.) I am starving. 私、今からランチ食べますが、ピーターさんもランチ行きますか？ (Watashi, ima kara ranchi tabemasuga, pītā-san mo ranchi ikimasu ka?) |
| Peter: じゃあ、カレー食べましょ。 (Jā, karē tabemasho.) |
| Naomi: またカレー？ (Mata karē?) |
| Peter: 美味しいですよ。 (Oishīdesu yo.) So Naomi Sensei and I were deciding on where to go and we decided of course on |
| Naomi: カレー (Karē) |
| Peter: Curry rice. |
| Naomi: カレーかぁ。 (Karē kā.) |
| Peter: Now what’s interesting here is the formality level. This was pretty formal. |
| Naomi: はい。 (Hai.) |
| Peter: A nice business kind of relationship. |
| Naomi: はい。 (Hai.) |
Outro |
| Peter: Something you’d hear in the office between two co-workers who are still keeping things formal. That’s going to do it. |
| Naomi: じゃあ、また。 (Jā, mata.) |
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