Learn to use Japanese verbs like iku, kuru, and kaeru
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Naomi: 直美です。 (Naomidesu.) |
| Peter: Peter here. Your Key To Forming Relationships. In the previous lesson, Raizo introduced Yukio to his wife Kiri. Today Miyu and Yukio are going to introduce themselves. |
| Naomi: The focus of this lesson is the second usage of te form of a verb plus います (Imasu) as in 東京に住んでいます。 (Tōkyō ni sunde imasu.) |
| Peter: I am living in Tokyo. This conversation takes place at |
| Naomi: 天道さんのうち (Tendō-san no uchi) |
| Peter: The Tendo’s family place again. The conversation is mainly between Miyu and Yukio and they are meeting for the first time. So we will hear |
| Naomi: Formal Japanese. |
| Peter: Okay let’s have a listen to today’s lesson. |
| DIALOGUE |
| 天道 きり (Tendō kiri): そうそう、あなた、今夜、晴夜さん...来ているのよ。 (Sō sō, anata, konya, Haruya-san... kite iru no yo.) |
| 山川 雪男 (Yamakawa Yukio): あ、お客さんですか。 (A, o-kyaku-san desu ka.) |
| 天道 雷三: え?え?あ、いや。あの男はもう帰りました。 (E? E? A, iya. Ano otoko wa mō kaerimashita.) |
| 天道 美雨 (Tendō Miu): あ、パパ、お帰りなさい。 (A, papa, O-kaeri nasai.) |
| 天道 雷三: 雪男君、うちの娘の 美雨です。東京に 住んでいます。東京で 大学院に 通っています。 (Yukio-kun, uchi no musume no Miu desu. Tōkyō ni sunde imasu. Tōkyō de daigakuin ni kayotte imasu.) |
| 山川 雪男 (Yamakawa Yukio): あ、どうも。はじめまして。山川雪男と 申します。 (A, dōmo. Hajimemashite. Yamakawa Yukio to mōshimasu.) コンサルティング会社に 勤めています。美雨さんの 専攻は 何ですか。 (Konsarutingu gaisha ni tsutomete imasu. Miu-san no senkō wa nan desu ka.) |
| 天道 美雨 (Tendō Miu): 社会学を専攻しています。 (Shakaigaku o senkō shite imasu.) |
| もう一度、お願いします。今度はゆっくり、お願いします。 (Mōichido, onegaishimasu. Kondo wa yukkuri, onegaishimasu.) |
| 天道 きり (Tendō kiri): そうそう、あなた、今夜、晴夜さん...来ているのよ。 (Sō sō, anata, konya, Haruya-san... kite iru no yo.) |
| 山川 雪男 (Yamakawa Yukio): あ、お客さんですか。 (A, o-kyaku-san desu ka.) |
| 天道 雷三: え?え?あ、いや。あの男はもう帰りました。 (E? E? A, iya. Ano otoko wa mō kaerimashita.) |
| 天道 美雨 (Tendō Miu): あ、パパ、お帰りなさい。 (A, papa, O-kaeri nasai.) |
| 天道 雷三: 雪男君、うちの娘の 美雨です。東京に 住んでいます。東京で 大学院に 通っています。 (Yukio-kun, uchi no musume no Miu desu. Tōkyō ni sunde imasu. Tōkyō de daigakuin ni kayotte imasu.) |
| 山川 雪男 (Yamakawa Yukio): あ、どうも。はじめまして。山川雪男と 申します。 (A, dōmo. Hajimemashite. Yamakawa Yukio to mōshimasu.) コンサルティング会社に 勤めています。美雨さんの 専攻は 何ですか。 (Konsarutingu gaisha ni tsutomete imasu. Miu-san no senkō wa nan desu ka.) |
| 天道 美雨 (Tendō Miu): 社会学を専攻しています。 (Shakaigaku o senkō shite imasu.) |
| 今度は、英語が入ります。 (Kondo wa, eigo ga hairimasu.) |
| 天道 きり (Tendō kiri): そうそう、あなた、今夜、晴夜さん...来ているのよ。 (Sō sō, anata, konya, Haruya-san... kite iru no yo.) |
| TENDO KIRI (TO RAIZOU): That's right. Haruya is here tonight. |
| 山川 雪男 (Yamakawa Yukio): あ、お客さんですか。 (A, o-kyaku-san desu ka.) |
| YAMAKAWA YUKIO: Oh, a guest? |
| 天道 雷三: え?え?あ、いや。あの男はもう帰りました。 (E? E? A, iya. Ano otoko wa mō kaerimashita.) |
| TENDO RAIZOU: Wha-? Huh? Oh, that boy already left. |
| 天道 美雨 (Tendō Miu): あ、パパ、お帰りなさい。 (A, papa, O-kaeri nasai.) |
| TENDO MIU: Welcome home dad. |
| 天道 雷三: 雪男君、うちの娘の 美雨です。 (Yukio-kun, uchi no musume no Miu desu.) |
| TENDO RAIZOU: Yukio-kun, this is my daughter Miu. |
| 東京に 住んでいます。東京で 大学院に 通っています。 (Tōkyō ni sunde imasu. Tōkyō de daigakuin ni kayotte imasu.) |
| She lives in Tokyo and goes to graduate school there. |
| 山川 雪男 (Yamakawa Yukio): あ、どうも。はじめまして。山川雪男と 申します。 (A, dōmo. Hajimemashite. Yamakawa Yukio to mōshimasu.) |
| YAMAKAWA YUKIO: Hello. It’s a pleasure to meet you. My name is Yamakawa Yukio. |
| コンサルティング会社に 勤めています。美雨さんの 専攻は 何ですか。 (Konsarutingu gaisha ni tsutomete imasu. Miu-san no senkō wa nan desu ka.) |
| I work at a consulting firm. What is your major, Miu? |
| 天道 美雨 (Tendō Miu): 社会学を専攻しています。 (Shakaigaku o senkō shite imasu.) |
| TENDO MIU: I’m majoring in Sociology. |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Naomi: So what you do think? If you were Miyu, which person would you choose どちらを選びますか？ (Dochira o erabimasu ka?) |
| Peter: If I was Miyu? |
| Naomi: Yeah, yeah, yeah Yukio or Haruya? |
| Peter: もし私が美雨だったら (Moshi watashi ga Miudattara) If I were Miyu – I think we should ask you, if you were Miyu… |
| Naomi: ん～どっちだろうね。 (N ~ dotchidarou ne.) Money is important but it’s not everything you know. |
| Peter: Like 90% |
| Naomi: そんなにじゃないよ。 (Son'nani janai yo.) Not that much うーん、どうだろうね。 (U ̄ n, dōdarou ne.) |
| Peter: Well I don’t know. I think right now, I think Yukio is in the lead. |
| Naomi: ん～なんで？ (N ~nande?) |
| Peter: He is inside the house. At least that much, but we will find out. I don’t know. Something tells me that we are not seeing everything. |
| Naomi: そうです。 (Sōdesu.) |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Peter: So I guess we will have to wait till next week but for now, let’s take a look at some vocabulary. |
| Naomi:はい。住む。 (Hai. Sumu.) |
| Peter: To live. |
| Naomi: (slow)すむ (Sumu) (natural speed) 住む (Sumu) |
| Peter: Next. |
| Naomi: 通う (kayou) |
| Peter: To go back and forth, to commute. |
| Naomi: (slow)かよう (Kayō) (natural speed) 通う (Kayou) |
| Peter: Next. |
| Naomi: 勤める (tsutomeru) |
| Peter: To work, to serve, to fill a post. |
| Naomi: (slow)つとめる (tsutomeru) (natural speed) 勤める (tsutomeru) |
| Peter: Next |
| Naomi: 専攻 (senkō) |
| Peter: Major as in what you study. |
| Naomi: (slow)せんこう (senkō) (natural speed) 専攻 (senkō) |
| Peter: Next. |
| Naomi: 社会学 (shakaigaku) |
| Peter: Social science, sociology. |
| Naomi: (slow)しゃかいがく (Sha kai gaku) (natural speed) 社会学 (shakaigaku) |
| VOCAB AND PHRASE USAGE |
| Peter: Okay Naomi Sensei, let’s have a closer look at the usage for some of the words and phrases from this lesson. What do we have first? |
| Naomi: 会社 (kaisha) |
| Peter: Company, firm, office. |
| Naomi: When it’s used by itself, it’s 会社 (kaisha) but when 会社 (kaisha) is preceded by other noun, かいしゃ (Kaisha) becomes がいしゃ (Gaisha) |
| Peter: For example |
| Naomi: コンサルティング会社 (Konsarutingu kaisha) |
| Peter: Consulting firm. |
| Naomi: コンピューター会社 (Konpyūtā kaisha) |
| Peter: Computer Company. |
| Naomi: レコード会社 (Rekōdo kaisha) |
| Peter: Recording company, Recording label. Okay what do we have next? |
| Naomi: 専攻 (Senkō) |
| Peter: Major as in your major university. |
| Naomi: 専攻する (Senkō suru) is the verb to major. |
| Peter: In today’s dialogue, we had |
| Naomi: 美雨さんの専攻は何ですか？ (Miu-san no senkō wa nanidesu ka?) |
| Peter: What’s your major? Naomi Sensei, can you also say 専門 (Senmon) instead of 専攻？ (Senkō?) |
| Naomi: Yes you can. Actually we have got a question from one of our listeners. The listener asked us like what is the difference between 専攻 (Senkō) and 専門 (Senmon). |
| Peter: I think this is like the second or third line when college students are meeting for the first time. |
| Naomi: そうですね。 (Sōdesu ne.) I think for the college major, 専攻 (Senkō) is my common word to say but 専門 (Senmon) has broader meaning. |
| Peter: Brings back my college days at Hitotsubashi University. え、専攻は？ (E, senkō wa?) like what’s your major? It’s kind of like – I don’t know if it’s like a pick up line but…You know, it’s like one of those – it’s down that road. I just have that image like… |
| Naomi: So you use that phrase as a pick up line. Did you? |
| Peter: Not like a pick up line but it’s just so associated with like because it is just used so often when you are meeting someone. |
| Naomi: Okay なるほどね。 (Naruhodo ne.) |
| Peter: Any way on to the grammar point. |
Lesson focus |
|---|
| Peter: Now as we explained in the previous lesson, the te form of a verb plus いる (Iru) or it’s polite form います (Imasu) expresses two things. One which we looked at in the last lesson is a present progressive action. Something that’s taking place right now. |
| Naomi: そうですね。食べています。 (Sōdesu ne. Tabete imasu) |
| Peter: Eating or right now |
| Naomi: 勉強しています。 (Benkyō shite imasu.) |
| Peter: Studying, we are studying. Now today we are looking at the second meaning which is a continuous state or condition that was created in the past. |
| Naomi: はい。 (Hai.) |
| Peter: So an ongoing action. For example, |
| Naomi: 私は結婚しています。 (Watashi wa kekkon shite imasu.) |
| Peter: I am married, I got married and it’s still in that state. |
| Naomi: そうですね。 (Sōdesu ne.) |
| Peter: Now with movement verbs, with verbs related to movement such as |
| Naomi: 行く (Iku) |
| Peter: So let’s look at some other verbs. |
| Naomi: 知る (Shiru) |
| Peter: To know. |
| Naomi: 私はあの人を知っている。 (Watashi wa ano hito o shitte iru.) |
| Peter: I know that person. Now if we take a look at the components here and we kind of break it down, what do we have first? |
| Naomi: 私 (Watashi) |
| Peter: I |
| Naomi: は (Wa) |
| Peter: Topic marking particle. |
| Naomi: あの人 (Ano hito) |
| Peter: That person. |
| Naomi: を (O) |
| Peter: Object marking particle. |
| Naomi: 知っている (Shitte iru) |
| Peter: Know but literally it’s I that person knowing. |
| Naomi: そうですね。 (Sōdesu ne.) I came to know that person and I am still in that state. |
| Peter: Yes so it’s not the first usage of a continuous action going on but rather a second and existing state. |
| Naomi: You can use ている (Te iru) form for habitual actions. |
| Peter: For example |
| Naomi: 住む (Sumu) |
| Peter: To live. In this story, we had |
| Naomi: 東京に住んでいます。 (Tōkyō ni sunde imasu.) |
| Peter: I live in Tokyo. At some point in the past, that person moved to Tokyo or maybe she was always living in Tokyo but that action is continuing. |
| Naomi: そうですね。 (Sōdesu ne.) And it becomes a habit. |
| Peter: Yeah. Let’s have one more. |
| Naomi: 通う (Kayou) |
| Peter: To commute as in to commute to school or to commute to work. |
| Naomi: はい。私は東京に通っている。 (Hai. Watashi wa Tōkyō ni tōtte iru.) |
| Peter: I commute to Tokyo. Naomi Sensei started working here several years ago. So |
| Naomi: Several? |
| Peter: I don’t know. I don’t even know. I can’t – I lost track of time. So since that time up until now, this state, this action is still going on. So here we are saying and that’s why we are using this form. |
| Naomi: ピーターさん、どこに住んでいますか？ (Pītā-san, doko ni sunde imasu ka?) |
| Peter: 私は東京に住んでいます。で、直美先生は？どこに住んでいますか？ (Watashi wa Tōkyō ni sunde imasu. De, Naomi sensei wa? Doko ni sunde imasu ka?) |
| Naomi: 私は千葉に住んでいます。 (Watashi wa Chiba ni sunde imasu.) |
| Peter: 千葉県ですね。 (Chiba kendesu ne.) |
| Naomi: はい。そうです。いいところですよ。 (Hai. Sōdesu. Ī tokorodesu yo.) |
| Peter: そうですね。 (Sōdesu ne.) |
| Naomi: とてもいいところです。 (Totemo ī tokorodesu.) |
| Peter: So I live in Tokyo and Naomi Sensei lives in Chiba. |
| Naomi: 皆さんはどこに住んでいますか？ (Minasan wa doko ni sunde imasu ka?) |
| Peter: So stop by, leave us a comment and use that construction where you are living に住んでいます。 (Ni sunde imasu.) |
| Naomi: に住んでいます。 (Ni sunde imasu.) |
Outro |
| Peter: That’s going to do for today. |
| Naomi: じゃあまた。 (Jā mata.) |
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