Learn about expressing the idea that (i) an action is progressing at the present time or (ii) something/something is keeping a state created some time ago
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Yūichi: ゆういちです。(Yūichi desu.) |
| Naomi: なおみです。(Naomi desu.) |
| Peter: Peter here. Time capsule part 4. Naomi-sensei, we are back with the series, Time capsule part 4, authored by Yuichi-san. So just to recap, in the previous lesson, Maki, Hajime and Tamotsu went to the park to dig up a time capsule they buried 28 years ago but when they got to the park, they saw that a McDonald’s had been put up. So now they are at McDonald’s and they are doing… |
| Naomi: 腹ごしらえ (haragoshirae) |
| Peter: So getting a meal. In today’s lesson, after they finish their meal, they are going to resume their search. So that’s where we pick up. Okay, today’s grammar point is… |
| Naomi: ている (te iru) |
| Peter: An action is the present progressive. So an action is progressing at the present time. |
| Naomi: と、もう一つありますよね。(To, mō hitotsu arimasu yo ne.) |
| Peter: Someone or something is in a suspended state and we will get to that in the grammar section, okay? We pick up at the McDonald’s. Here we go. |
| DIALOGUE |
| (マクドナルド) (Makudonarudo) |
| まき (Maki) : はじめ、まだ食べているのー？(Hajime, mada tabete iru nō?) |
| はじめ (Hajime) : (モグモグ)ごちそうさまでした。よし、お腹も一杯になったし、店員さんにゾウさん公園について聞いてみよう。すいませーん。(Mogumogu) Gochisō-sama deshita. Yoshi, onaka mo ippai ni natta shi, ten’in-san ni zō-san kōen ni tsuite kiite miyō. Suimasēn.) |
| 店員 (ten’in) : はい。(Hai.) |
| はじめ (Hajime) : ここのマクドナルドって、昔は公園でしたよね。(Koko no Makudonarudo tte, mukashi wa kōen deshita yo ne.) |
| 店員 (ten’in) : はい、３年前に工事して、公園はなくなってしまいました。(Hai, san-nen mae ni kōji shite, kōen wa nakunatte shimaimashita.) |
| はじめ (Hajime) : そうですか。。。(Sō desu ka…) |
| たもつ (Tamotsu) : じゃあ、イチョウの木もないですよね。(Jā, ichō no ki mo nai desu yo ne.) |
| 店員 (ten’in) : あっ、それだったら、裏に残っていますよ。(A, sore dattara, ura ni nokotte imasu yo.) |
| たもつ (Tamotsu) : 本当ですか！！やったぁ！！ (Hontō desu ka!! Yattā!) |
| Yūichi: もう一度、お願いします。今度は、ゆっくりお願いします。(Mō ichi-do, onegai shimasu. Kondo wa, yukkuri onegai shimasu.) |
| まき (Maki) : はじめ、まだ食べているのー？(Hajime, mada tabete iru nō?) |
| はじめ (Hajime) : ごちそうさまでした。よし、お腹も一杯になったし、店員さんにゾウさん公園について聞いてみよう。すみませーん。(Gochisō-sama deshita. Yoshi, onaka mo ippai ni natta shi, ten’in-san ni zō-san kōen ni tsuite kiite miyō. Sumimasēn.) |
| 店員 (ten’in) : はい。(Hai.) |
| はじめ (Hajime) : ここのマクドナルドって、昔は公園でしたよね。(Koko no Makudonarudo tte, mukashi wa kōen deshita yo ne.) |
| 店員 (ten’in) : はい、３年前に工事して、公園はなくなってしまいました。(Hai, san-nen mae ni kōji shite, kōen wa nakunatte shimaimashita.) |
| はじめ (Hajime) : そうですか。。。(Sō desu ka…) |
| たもつ (Tamotsu) : じゃあ、イチョウの木もないですよね。(Jā, ichō no ki mo nai desu yo ne.) |
| 店員 (ten’in) : あっ、それだったら、裏に残っていますよ。(A, sore dattara, ura ni nokotte imasu yo.) |
| たもつ (Tamotsu) : 本当ですか！！やったぁ！！ (Hontō desu ka!! Yattā!) |
| Yūichi: 今度は、英語が入ります。(Kondo wa, Eigo ga hairimasu.) |
| (マクドナルド) (Makudonarudo) |
| (Mcdonald's) |
| まき (Maki) : はじめ、まだ食べているのー？(Hajime, mada tabete iru nō?) |
| MAKI: Are you still eating, Hajime? |
| はじめ (Hajime) :(モグモグ)ごちそうさまでした。よし、お腹も一杯になったし、店員さんにゾウさん公園について聞いてみよう。((Mogumogu) Gochisō-sama deshita. Yoshi, onaka mo ippai ni natta shi, ten’in-san ni zō-san kōen ni tsuite kiite miyō.) |
| HAJIME: (mumbling) I'm done (go-chisou-sama) OK, I'm full now so let's go ask the clerk about the Elephant Park. |
| はじめ (Hajime) :すいませーん。(Suimasēn.) |
| HAJIME: Excuse me. |
| 店員 (ten’in) : はい。(Hai.) |
| SHOP CLERK: Yes. |
| はじめ (Hajime) : ここのマクドナルドって、昔は公園でしたよね。(Koko no Makudonarudo tte, mukashi wa kōen deshita yo ne.) |
| HAJIME: This place used to be a park, right? |
| 店員 (ten’in) : はい、３年前に工事して、公園はなくなってしまいました。(Hai, san-nen mae ni kōji shite, kōen wa nakunatte shimaimashita.) |
| SHOP CLERK: Yes, it did. But they tore it down to build this place three years ago. |
| はじめ (Hajime) : そうですか。。。(Sō desu ka…) |
| HAJIME: I see... |
| たもつ (Tamotsu) : じゃあ、イチョウの木もないですよね。(Jā, ichō no ki mo nai desu yo ne.) |
| TAMOTSU: So it means the ginkgo tree is gone too. |
| 店員 (ten’in) : あっ、それだったら、裏に残っていますよ。(A, sore dattara, ura ni nokotte imasu yo.) |
| SHOP CLERK: Oh, that tree is still behind this place. |
| たもつ (Tamotsu) : 本当ですか！！やったぁ！！(Hontō desu ka!! Yattā!) |
| TAMOTSU: Really? All right!! |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Peter: はい、なおみ先生。どう思いましたか。(Hai, Naomi-sensei. Dō omoimashita ka.) |
| Naomi: ここのマクドナルド、昔は公園でしたよね。(Koko no Makudonarudo, mukashi wa kōen deshita yo ne.) |
| Peter: So this McDonald’s in the past was a park. |
| Naomi: It happens all the time, right? |
| Peter: Yeah, well empty lots get things built on them. |
| Naomi: 残念ですけど (zannen desu kedo), I think this expression will come in handy. |
| Peter: Which one? |
| Naomi: 昔は…でしたよね。(Mukashi wa … deshita yo ne.) |
| Peter: Long ago, something, something it was, right? |
| Naomi: そう。アーノルド・シュワルツネッガーって、昔は俳優でしたよね。(Sō. Ānorudo Shuwarutsuneggā tte, mukashi wa haiyū deshita yo ne.) |
| Peter: So Arnold Schwarzenegger was an actor a long time ago, right? |
| Naomi: I think in a PDF, you can see もぐもぐ (mogumogu). It’s an onomatopoeia, the eating sound. |
| Peter: Yeah, the sound of people chowing down. |
| Naomi: Yeah. |
| Peter: Very nice point, Naomi-sensei. What was nice about this too is we have a review of some of the previous grammar points. We have てみる (te miru). あの、...ついて聞いてみよう。(Ano, ...tsuite kiite miyō.) We also have なくなってしまいました (nakunatte shimaimashita), we also have しまう (shimau) which was covered in previous one. So a lot of reinforcement here. What we are going to do now is take a look at the vocab. After the vocab, we are going to take a look at the new grammar point. So お願いします (onegai shimasu). |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Peter: First word, Yuichi-san. |
| Yūichi: いっぱい (ippai) |
| Peter: Full, a lot, much. |
| Yūichi: (slow) いっぱい (ippai) (natural speed) いっぱい (ippai) |
| Peter: Next. |
| Naomi: 店員 (ten’in) |
| Peter: Clerk, employee, shop assistant, sales person. |
| Naomi: (slow) てんいん (ten’in) (natural speed) 店員 (ten’in) |
| Peter: Next. |
| Yūichi: 工事 (kōji) |
| Peter: Construction, work. |
| Yūichi: (slow) こうじ (kōji) (natural speed) 工事 (kōji) |
| Peter: Next. |
| Naomi: 裏 (ura) |
| Peter: Backside, Reverse side. |
| Naomi: (slow) うら (ura) (natural speed) 裏 (ura) |
| Peter: Next. |
| Naomi: 残る (nokoru) |
| Peter: To remain, to be left. |
| Naomi: (slow) のこる (nokoru) (natural speed) 残る (nokoru) |
| Peter: Next. |
| Yūichi: お腹 (onaka) |
| Peter: Stomach. |
| Yūichi: (slow) おなか (onaka) (natural speed) お腹 (onaka) |
| Peter: Next. |
| Naomi: なる (naru) |
| Peter: To become. |
| Naomi: (slow) なる (naru) (natural speed) なる (naru) |
| VOCAB AND PHRASE USAGE |
| Peter: Okay. Now we are going to take a look at some of the phrases and words used in this conversation. First word. |
| Naomi: お腹 (onaka) |
| Peter: Stomach. |
| Naomi: お腹いっぱい (onaka ippai) |
| Peter: To be full. |
| Naomi: And that お腹いっぱい (onaka ippai) it can be used in a casual and polite situation but if you say 腹いっぱい (hara ippai) you can’t use it for polite situation. 腹 (hara) is a casual way of saying お腹 (onaka). |
| Yūichi: 腹ごしらえの腹と一緒ですね。(Haragoshirae no hara to issho desu ne.) So the same as 腹ごしらえ(haragoshirae)’s 腹 (hara). |
| Naomi: But unfortunately, お腹ごしらえはだめです (onakagoshirae wa dame desu). You can’t say お腹ごしらえ (onakagoshirae) because it’s a set phrase. |
| Peter: Yeah, this phrase お腹がいっぱい (onaka ga ippai) is very useful especially for turning down things. |
| Naomi: あ～、お腹いっぱいです～。(Ā, onaka ippai desū.) |
| Peter: So this is very useful if you come to Japan and you are eating in a big banquet and I mean for both reasons if you are full or if you don’t want to try something, very useful. |
| Yūichi: If you eat too much, you become お腹が痛い (onaka ga itai). |
| Peter: Ah, stomach hurts, stomachache. |
| Yūichi: Yes. |
| Naomi: The next word is |
| Yūichi: 工事 (kōji) |
| Peter: Construction work. |
| Yūichi: When you use with a verb, 工事する (kōji suru) to contrast something for example, 道を工事する (michi o kōji suru). |
| Peter: To repair the road. |
| Naomi: You can put 中 (chū), after it and say 工事中 (kōjichū) |
| Peter: Under construction and of course the character for 中 (chū) is middle. So in the middle. You know, in the middle of construction. Under construction. If you got a home page and there is nothing up, you always see this 工事中 (kōjichū) under construction. |
| Naomi: 次の単語は、裏。(Tsugi no tango wa, ura.) |
| Peter: Back, Reverse side. |
| Naomi: The opposite word is 表 (omote). |
| Peter: Which means the front or face. |
| Naomi: 裏と表がある人、なんていうふうにも使ったりしますね。(Ura to omote ga aru hito, nante iu fū ni mo tsukattari shimasu ne.) |
| Peter: Like two-faced. |
| Naomi: そう。彼は表と裏がある。彼は裏と表がある。(Sō. Kare wa omote to ura ga aru. Kare wa ura to omote ga aru.) Either one can go first, like the word order doesn’t really matter. |
| Peter: But they have a different side if you see 裏がある (ura ga aru) right, like he has got another side. It’s never like 表がある (omote ga aru), right? |
| Yūichi: That’s natural. |
| Peter: And in baseball, which is which top of the inning is... 表 (omote) and bottom is 裏 (ura) |
| Naomi: Inside out is 裏表 (uraomote). |
| Peter: Ah I like that. |
| Naomi: ピーター、またセーター裏表ですよ。(Pītā, mata sētā uraomote desu yo.) |
| Peter: Peter has his sweater on inside out again. So a quick warning to Americans coming to Japan. If you want to wear your clothes inside out, be prepared to hear this phrase 裏表ですね (uraomote desu ne) like it’s inside out, right all day long because every Japanese person will let you know that your shirt is inside out. Okay, on to the grammar point. |
Lesson focus |
|---|
| Peter: Naomi-sensei, today’s grammar point is |
| Naomi: ている (te iru) |
| Peter: And again this expression is the idea that an action is progressing at the present time, basically the present progressive in English. Ing, running, swimming, jumping. Now in Japanese, this can also mean someone or something is kept in an extended state or suspended state. So for example, in English we would say the door is open but if we take the direct translation in Japanese it could be the door is opening but meaning that it is in a state of being open suspended in that state of being open. Naomi-sensei, did that make sense? |
| Naomi: うん。(Un.) |
| Peter: Let’s take a look at some examples to clarify this. First we have the present progressive, Ing. |
| Naomi: まだ食べてるの？(Mada tabete ru no?) |
| Peter: Are you still young in that process of eating? |
| Naomi: Yeah, in the middle of action. |
| Peter: なおみ先生、今、何してますか。(Naomi-sensei, ima, nani shite masu ka.) What are you doing now? |
| Naomi: え。働いています。(E. Hataraite imasu.) |
| Peter: Nice. Working. Let’s ask Yuichi, what is he doing? |
| Naomi: ゆういちさん、何をしていますか。(Yūichi-san, nani o shite imasu ka.) |
| Yūichi: 録音しています。(Rokuon shite imasu.) |
| Peter: Recording. So and of course, what’s interesting here is he knows like his name was established in the previous sentence. So he can answer with just a verb in the present progressive form 録音しています (rokuon shite imasu), like the literal translation is recording but of course I am is implied. I am recording. Okay now let’s take a look at the second usage. ゆういち先生、お願いします。(Yūichi-sensei, onegai shimasu.) |
| Yūichi: 裏に残っていますよ。(Ura ni nokotte imasu yo.) |
| Peter: It’s still there in the backyard. |
| Naomi: I don’t think this example sentence is very clear or easy for us to explain the grammar point. So let me give you an easy sentence. |
| Peter: Sure. |
| Naomi: 道が濡れてる。今日、雨降った？(Michi ga nurete ru. Kyō, ame futta?) |
| Peter: The Street is wet. It rained today. Now let’s back up. Give us the Japanese sentence one more time for the street is wet. |
| Naomi: 道が濡れている。(Michi ga nurete iru.) |
| Peter: The street or road is wet. Now first we have |
| Naomi: 道 (michi) |
| Peter: Street, followed by |
| Naomi: が (ga) |
| Peter: Subject marking particle, followed by |
| Naomi: 濡れている (nurete iru) |
| Peter: Literally, wetting. |
| Naomi: But it got wet and the situation is still continuing. |
| Peter: So it is in the state of being wet, that suspended state of being wet. |
| Naomi: でも英語でも同じですよね。(Demo Eigo demo onaji desu yo ne.) He is wearing a sweater, とか (toka). |
| Peter: Excellent point, Naomi. So we could take that example of you know wearing clothes and in Japanese, it’s kind of the same. You use the present progressive. There are different words for wearing things in Japanese but when you are wearing it, they all fall into the same state, the ている (te iru). シャツを着ている。(Shatsu o kite iru.) |
| Naomi: You put it on. You are still wearing it. |
| Peter: And that state continues. And let’s jump back to the line from the conversation as I think we can explain it now. |
| Naomi: 裏に残っていますよ。(Ura ni nokotte imasu yo.) |
| Peter: So 裏 (ura) is backyard and 残っています (nokotte imasu) is remaining but what are we talking about here? So that was established in the previous sentence. So can we have the subject? Can we have everything in the sentence? |
| Naomi: ギンナンの木が裏に残っていますよ。(Ginnan no ki ga ura ni nokotte imasu yo.) |
| Peter: So literally the ginkgo tree in the back is remaining. So actually it’s in a state of remaining which means it’s still there. So the ginkgo tree is still there in the back. When thinking and speaking in Japanese, you have to find the proper verb and use the present progressive to explain that state. Okay, now in the PDF, there is a very detailed write up plus in the learning center, we have some questions. These questions are based on the JLPT. They will help you prepare for this and get you accustomed to the format the questions will appear. So stop by, check out those questions in the Premium Learning Center and before we go, let’s just recap. So they found the tree. We didn’t even talk about that today. |
| Naomi: あ、そうですね。ごめん。(A, sō desu ne. Gomen.) |
| Yūichi: They finally found the tree. |
| Naomi: The ginkgo tree. |
| Yūichi: Yeah. |
| Peter: And in the next lesson, I guess that’s the final one. |
| Naomi: 次が最後。(Tsugi ga saigo.) |
| Peter: Next week is the last one. We are going to find out what happens. |
| Yūichi: えっ、じゃあピーターさん、タイムカプセルの中には何があると思いますか。(E, jā Pītā-san, taimu kapuseru no naka ni wa nani ga aru to omoimasu ka.) |
| Peter: So what do I think is there? That’s a great question. I bet a lot of the listeners have an idea too of what they think happened. |
| Yūichi: はい。(Hai.) |
Outro |
| Peter: I am going to guess and maybe the listeners can also guess. Leave us a comment about what they think happened. I definitely think that there are worms in there. |
| Yūichi: 28年前ですからね。(Ni-jū hachi-nen mae desu kara ne.) |
| Naomi: まあ、ヒントは私がエンディングを考えました。(Mā, hinto wa watashi ga endingu o kangaemashita.) I changed the ending. |
| Peter: What a bad editor! ひどい。ひどいなあ。(Hidoi. Hidoi nā.) |
| Yūichi: だけど、すごいことになっていますよ。(Dakedo, sugoi koto ni natte imasu yo.) |
| Naomi: 普通ですよ。(Futsū desu yo.) |
| Peter: No. すごいです。(Sugoi desu.) Great marketing, bad marketing. |
| Naomi: Stay tuned. |
| Peter: That’s going to do it for today. |
| Naomi: じゃあ、また。(Jā, mata.) |
| Peter: さよなら。(Sayonara.) |
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