Review how to use particles
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Yoshi: おはよう、アトランティス。よしです。 (Ohayō, atorantisu. Yoshi desu.) |
| Peter: Peter here. Yoshi-san again in the studio. |
| Yoshi: よろしくお願いします。 (Yoroshiku Onegaishimasu.) |
| Peter: Today again, we will be joined later by Natsuko-san. Now Yoshi-san, what are we talking about today? |
| Yoshi: 今日は予定についてですね。 (Kyō wa yotei ni tsuitedesu ne.) |
| Peter: About plans and Yoshi-san, whose plans are we talking about? |
| Yoshi: 日本の夏子首相の予定ですね。 (Nihon no Natsuko shushō no yotei desu ne.) |
| Peter: That’s right. We are going to be talking about Prime minister Natsuko's plan. Now it sounds a bit strange or you don’t quite understand, it will all come together in 10 second. Now with that said, let’s move on to today’s lesson. Here we go. |
| DIALOGUE |
| 助手: 川本首相おはようございます! (Kawamoto shushō ohayō gozaimasu!) |
| 川本首相: おはよう。ああ、眠い~。今日の予定は? (Ohayō. Ā, nemui. Kyō no yotei wa?) |
| 助手: 今日のご予定は9時15分にドイツの首相と朝御飯を食べます。それから、12時半にイギリスの首相と銀座でお茶を飲みます。そして、6時36分にロシアの大統領と晩御飯を食べます。夜は、10時2分前にパジャマを着て、ベッドに入ります。その後、私が子守歌を歌います。 (Kyō no goyotei wa ku-ji 15-fun ni Doitsu no shushō to asagohan o tabemasu. Sorekara, 12-ji han ni Igirisu no shushō to Ginza de ocha o nomimasu. Soshite, roku-ji36-pun ni Roshia no daitōryō to bangohan o tabemasu. |
| Yoru wa jū-ji 2-fun mae ni pajama o kite, beddo ni hairimasu. Sono ato, watashi ga komoriuta o utaimasu.) |
| 川本首相: 今日も一日大変だ。 (Kyō mo ichinichi taihen da.) |
| Natsuko:もう一度、お願いします。ゆっくり、お願いします。 (Mōichido, onegaishimasu. Yukkuri, onegaishimasu.) |
| 助手: 川本首相おはようございます! (Kawamoto shushō ohayō gozaimasu!) |
| 川本首相: おはよう。ああ、眠い~。今日の予定は? (Ohayō. Ā, nemui. Kyō no yotei wa?) |
| 助手: 今日のご予定は9時15分にドイツの首相と朝御飯を食べます。それから、12時半にイギリスの首相と銀座でお茶を飲みます。そして、6時36分にロシアの大統領と晩御飯を食べます。夜は、10時2分前にパジャマを着て、ベッドに入ります。その後、私が子守歌を歌います。 (Kyō no goyotei wa ku-ji 15-fun ni Doitsu no shushō to asagohan o tabemasu. Sorekara, 12-ji han ni Igirisu no shushō to Ginza de ocha o nomimasu. Soshite, roku-ji36-pun ni Roshia no daitōryō to bangohan o tabemasu. |
| Yoru wa jū-ji 2-fun mae ni pajama o kite, beddo ni hairimasu. Sono ato, watashi ga komoriuta o utaimasu.) |
| 川本首相: 今日も一日大変だ。 (Kyō mo ichinichi taihen da.) |
| Natsuko: 次はピーターさんの英語が入ります。 (Tsugi wa pītā-san no eigo ga hairimasu.) |
| 助手: 川本首相おはようございます! (Kawamoto shushō ohayō gozaimasu!) |
| Peter: Good morning prime minister Kawamoto. |
| 川本首相: おはよう。 (Ohayō.) |
| Peter: Good morning. |
| 川本首相: ああ、眠い~。 (Ā, nemui ~.) |
| Peter: Ah! I am so sleepy. |
| 川本首相: 今日の予定は? (Kyō no yotei wa?) |
| Peter: What’s the plan today? |
| 助手: 今日のご予定は (Kyō no go yotei wa) |
| Peter: Today’s plan is as follows. |
| 助手: 9時15分にドイツの首相と朝御飯を食べます。 (ku-ji jū go-fun ni Doitsu no shushō to asagohan o tabemasu.) |
| Peter: You will have breakfast with the German chancellor at 9:15. |
| 助手: それから、12時半にイギリスの首相と銀座でお茶を飲みます。 (Sorekara, jū ni-ji han ni Igirisu no shushō to Ginza de ocha o nomimasu.) |
| Peter: Then at 12:30, you will have afternoon tea with the British prime minister in Ginza. |
| 助手: そして、6時36分にロシアの大統領と晩御飯を食べます。 (Soshite, roku-ji36-bu ni Roshia no daitōryō to ban gohan o tabemasu.) |
| Peter: After that, you will have dinner with the Russian president at 6:36. |
| 助手: 夜は、10時2分前にパジャマを着て、ベッドに入ります。 (Yoru wa, jū-ji ni-fun mae ni pajama o kite, beddo ni hairimasu.) |
| Peter: After that, you will change into a pair of pajamas at 2 minutes before 10 and go to bed. |
| 助手: その後、私が子守歌を歌います。 (Sonogo, watashi ga komori uta o utaimasu.) |
| Peter: Then I will sing you a lullaby. |
| 川本首相: 今日も一日大変だ。 (Kyōmoichinichi taihen da.) |
| Peter: It’s going to be another tough day today. |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Peter: 川本首相 (Kawamoto shushō) Prime Minister Kawamoto, how does it feel? |
| Natsuko: It seems pretty busy, isn’t it? |
| Peter: Natsuko-san. Define busy? You call that busy? |
| Natsuko: Yeah I don’t want to be a prime minister. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Peter: Okay. Let’s take a look at the first vocabulary word. Yoshi-san |
| Yoshi: 首相 (shushō) |
| Peter: Prime minister. |
| Yoshi: (slow)しゅしょう (shushō) (natural speed)首相 (shushō) |
| Peter: And if you noticed from the dialogue, both Japan and England have prime ministers. |
| Natsuko: There is another word for prime minister, isn’t it? |
| Peter: Yes there is. Natsuko-san, what's that word? |
| Natsuko: 総理大臣 (sōri daijin) |
| Peter: Yeah. What’s the difference between the two? |
| Natsuko: I think both words mean the same. The head of the ministers. |
| Peter: Yeah. Now we are going to check those facts and we will have something up on the website. So next we have |
| Natsuko: 眠い (nemui) |
| Peter: Sleepy. |
| Natsuko: (slow)ねむい (nemui) (natural speed)眠い (nemui) |
| Peter: And in today’s conversation, the prime minister was sleepy. Next we have Yoshi-san. |
| Yoshi: 予定 (yotei) |
| Peter: Plan. |
| Yoshi: (slow)よてい (Yo tei) (natural speed)予定 (yotei) |
| Peter: Followed by Natsuko-san? |
| Natsuko: ドイツ (doitsu) |
| Peter: Germany. |
| Natsuko: (slow)ドイツ (doitsu) (natural speed)ドイツ (doitsu) |
| Peter: Next we have Yoshi-san |
| Yoshi: 大統領 (daitōryō) |
| Peter: President. |
| Yoshi: (slow)だいとうりょう (da itō ryō) (natural speed)大統領 (daitōryō) |
| Peter: Next we have |
| Natsuko: 朝ごはん (asagohan) |
| Peter: Breakfast. |
| Natsuko: (slow)あさごはん (a sa gohan) (natural speed)朝ごはん (asagohan) |
| Peter: And we have the word for morning 朝 (asa) plus meal ご飯 (gohan) put them together, we have 朝ごはん (asagohan) followed by |
| Yoshi: 食べる (taberu) |
| Peter: To eat. |
| Yoshi: (slow)たべる (taberu) (natural speed)食べる (taberu) |
| Peter: The verb in its dictionary form or the plain nonpast. Next. |
| Natsuko: イギリス (igirisu) |
| Peter: United Kingdom. |
| Natsuko: (slow)イギリス (igirisu) (natural speed)イギリス (igirisu) |
| Peter: Now Natsuko-san how will we say Great Britain? |
| Natsuko: In Japanese, イギリス (igirisu) usually means Great Britain. |
| Peter: And then how about just England? |
| Natsuko: イングランド (ingurando) |
| Peter: All right. Next we have. |
| Yoshi: 銀座 (ginza) |
| Peter: Location in Tokyo. |
| Yoshi: (slow)ぎんざ (gin za) (natural speed)銀座 (ginza) |
| Peter: Known for its many restaurants and very expensive shops. And we add |
| Natsuko: お茶 (ocha) |
| Peter: Tea. |
| Natsuko: (slow)おちゃ (o cha) (natural speed)お茶 (ocha) |
| Peter: So Natsuko-san what kind of tea does this mean? Green tea or… |
| Natsuko: I think in general like you know green tea, regular tea or maybe coffee. |
| Peter: Next we have |
| Yoshi: 飲む (nomu) |
| Peter: To drink. |
| Yoshi: (slow)のむ (nomu) (natural speed)飲む (nomu) |
| Peter: Followed by |
| Natsuko: ロシア (Roshia) |
| Peter: Russia. |
| Natsuko: (slow)ロシア (Roshia) (natural speed)ロシア (Roshia) |
| Peter: Next up |
| Yoshi: パジャマ (Pajama) |
| Peter: Pajamas. |
| Yoshi: (slow)パジャマ (pajama) (natural speed)パジャマ (pajama) |
| Peter: Related to this. |
| Natsuko: ベッド (beddo) |
| Peter: Bed. |
| Natsuko: (slow)ベッド (beddo) (natural speed)ベッド (beddo) |
| Peter: And still on the same topic, we have |
| Yoshi: 子守唄 (komori-uta) |
| Peter: Lullaby. |
| Yoshi: (slow)こもりうた (komori uta) (natural speed)子守唄 (komori-uta) |
Lesson focus |
|---|
| Peter: Okay let’s take a look at today’s conversation. Yoshi-san, start us off. |
| Yoshi: 川本首相、おはようございます。 (Kawamoto shushō, ohayō gozaimasu.) |
| Peter: Prime minister Kawamoto, good morning. Notice here how the name and the position comes first before the good morning. Yoshi-san, if I was to greet my professor, let’s make that professor Kawamoto. Kawamoto Sensei. Can you give me the order? |
| Yoshi: 川本先生、おはようございます。 (Kawamoto sensei, ohayō gozaimasu.) |
| Peter: Again name, position followed by おはようございます (ohayō gozaimasu) followed by |
| Natsuko: おはよう。 (Ohayō.) |
| Peter: Notice the informal おはよう (ohayō). This is the prime minister. Not too many people in Japan rank above the prime minister. So she is speaking very informal to the help followed by.. |
| Natsuko: あぁ～眠い～。 (Ā, nemui.) |
| Peter: I am sleepy. Literally just sleepy but again when we translate to English, the subject is inferred and also the verb is inferred. I am sleepy and |
| Natsuko: 今日の予定は？ (Kyō no yotei wa?) |
| Peter: Here again, the sentence gets cut off in the middle. Today’s plan. There we have the possessive, today’s plan. Today’s plan is followed by |
| Yoshi: 今日のご予定は (Kyō no go yotei wa) |
| Peter: Today’s plan and notice here how the polite prefix ご (go) is attached to 予定 (yote) because again the help is addressing the prime minister. Okay what do we have inside that plan? |
| Yoshi: 9時15分にドイツの大統領と朝ごはんを食べます。 (Ku-Ji jū go-fun ni Doitsu no daitōryō to asagohan wo tabemasu.) |
| Peter: You will have breakfast with the German chancellor at 9:15. Now let’s go through this slowly. Yoshi-san, can you really hit those particles? What we are paying attention to here is the particles. Yoshi-san? |
| Yoshi: 9時15分に (ku-ji jū go-fun ni) |
| Peter: Time, 9時15分 (ku-ji jū go-fun) so we have に (ni) marking the time followed by |
| Yoshi: ドイツの (doitsu no) |
| Peter: Germany’s |
| Yoshi: 首相と (shushō to) |
| Peter: German chancellor. This gets marked with |
| Yoshi: と (to) |
| Peter: With. That’s the person with. |
| Yoshi: 朝ごはんを (asagohan o) |
| Peter: Breakfast marked by |
| Yoshi: を (o) |
| Peter: Because that’s the object. That’s what they are going to. |
| Yoshi: 食べます。 (Tabemasu.) Eat. |
| Peter: So literally we have 9:15 with the German chancellor. Breakfast eat. Now we are missing a very important part of the sentence because the translation is you will have breakfast with the German chancellor at 9:15. Here we don’t have the You. We don’t have the subject. Yoshi-san, why is that? |
| Yoshi: Because it’s inferred. |
| Peter: There it is. We are talking about the prime minister. This is prime minister Kawamoto's plan for the day. So we don’t have to put in the subject. In English, we need that but in Japanese, if it’s understood, it can be left out. This is followed by |
| Yoshi: それから (sorekara) |
| Peter: From there, from that. From that. |
| Yoshi: 12時半に (jū ni-ji han ni) |
| Peter: 12:30. Again the time and it’s marked by, Yoshi-san? |
| Yoshi: に (ni) |
| Peter: Time is marked by the particle に (ni). |
| Yoshi: イギリスの首相と (igirisu no shushō to) |
| Peter: UKs, United Kingdom’s prime minister with. Again translated with UKs, United Kingdom’s prime minister at 12:30 with the prime minister of the UK. |
| Yoshi: 銀座で (ginza de) |
| Peter: At Ginza. Here the location is marked with |
| Yoshi: で (de) |
| Peter: Because that’s where the action will take place and what is that action? |
| Yoshi: お茶を飲みます (ocha o nomimasu) |
| Peter: Here the お茶 (ocha) is marked with. |
| Yoshi: を飲みます (o nomimasu) |
| Peter: Tea drink. So literally, after that, from that at 12:30 with the prime minister of the UK at Ginza, tea drink. When we translate, the subject again is inferred. At 12:30, you will have tea. At 12:30, you will drink tea with the prime minister of the UK. Next sentence? |
| Yoshi: そして (soshite) |
| Peter: Then. |
| Yoshi: 6時36分に (roku-ji36-bu ni) |
| Peter: At 6:36, again time is marked by Yoshi-san? |
| Yoshi: に。ロシアの大統領と (Ni. Roshia no daitōryō to) |
| Peter: And the person you are doing the action with is marked with |
| Yoshi: と (to) |
| Peter: Here Russia’s president with the president of Russia. |
| Yoshi: 晩御飯を食べます。 (Ban gohan o tabemasu.) |
| Peter: Eat dinner. Again dinner is marked with |
| Yoshi: を (o) |
| Peter: That’s the object being eaten by the president of Russia and the prime minister of Japan. Again, in all of these sentences, the subject was inferred. Next. |
| Yoshi: 夜は (yoru wa) |
| Peter: At night. |
| Yoshi: 10時2分前に (jū-ji ni-fun mae ni) |
| Peter: Tonight, night time at 2 to 10, at 2 minutes to 10. Remember this is the structure we went over previously. You have the hour, then you have the minutes, then you have my and it means before and this results in the amount of time before the hour. |
| Yoshi: パジャマを着て (pajama o kite) |
| Peter: You put on your pajamas. Pajamas put on. Now here it’s a set. So we can use 着る (kiru) but if it’s just the bottoms, Yoshi-san, what verb would you use? |
| Yoshi: はく (haku) |
| Peter: Yeah the action pulling up with clothing is はく (haku). Putting on from the waist up is |
| Yoshi: 着る (kiru) |
| Peter: And finally putting something on your head is |
| Yoshi: 被る (kōmuru) |
| Peter: And accessories, we have |
| Yoshi: つける (tsukeru) |
| Peter: Or する (suru). So yes it gets quite complicated when you are trying to address yourself. So remember, the pulling action はく (haku) but here pajamas are taken as a set. So we have 着る (kiru) in its te form. Next sentence. |
| Yoshi: ベッドに入ります。 (Beddo ni hairimasu.) |
| Peter: Get into bed. Okay so the whole sentence is at 2 to 10, pajamas wear bed into. Now the subject again is the prime minister. So at 2 to 10, you will put on your pajamas and get into bed. That and comes from the conjunction. The て (te) form can be used to link two sentences. Finally we have |
| Yoshi: その後 (sono ato) |
| Peter: After that. |
| Yoshi: 私が (watashi ga) |
| Peter: I’ll |
| Yoshi: 子守唄を歌います。 (komori-uta o utaimasu.) |
| Peter: Lullaby sing. Again the verb comes last, the direct object comes before, marked by… |
| Yoshi: を (o) |
| Peter: After that, I will sing you a lullaby. Then the prime minister. |
| Natsuko: 今日も一日大変だ。 (Kyō mo ichi-nichi taihenda.) |
| Peter: It’s going to be another tough day today. One more time. |
| Natsuko: 今日も一日大変だ。 (Kyō mo ichi-nichi taihenda.) |
| Peter: Again we have informal Japanese because the prime minister is speaking with somebody of lower status. We have も、今日も (mo, kyō mo). Today also 一日 (ichi-nichi) all day 大変 (taihen). Now this word is very difficult to translate but in this case, it means rough. What a rough day? So speaking of rough days, it’s been a rough day here. |
Outro |
| Peter: This was a long lesson but again this season 2, what we are going over here. We are going for correct particle usage covering times, new vocab, lots of things to bring everything together. This was a really particle rich lesson. Alright, that’s going to do for today. |
| Natsuko: じゃ、また明日ね。 (Ja, mata ashita ne.) |
| Yoshi: またね。 (Mata ne.) |
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