Review how to use particles
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Sakura and Yoshi: おはよう、カーツーム。 (Ohayō, kātsūmu.) |
| Sakura: さくらです。(Sakura desu.) |
| Yoshi: よしです。 (Yoshi desu.) |
| Peter: Peter here. Sakura-san. It’s the end of the year. You are back around. Spread that holiday cheer. |
| Sakura: はい。 (Hai.) |
| Peter: And Yoshi-san is here too. Yoshi-san よろしくお願いします。 (Yoroshiku Onegaishimasu.) |
| Yoshi: 宜しくお願いします。 (Yoroshiku onegaishimasu.) |
| Peter: So Sakura-san, what are we talking about today? |
| Sakura: Today we are talking about holiday. |
| Peter: That’s right. The end of the year holiday. Yoshi-san, when does your holiday start? |
| Yoshi: I take off on the 25th. |
| Peter: And now Sakura-san, you are ready for this. Yoshi-san when do you get back? |
| Yoshi: On the 14th of January because I don’t have a contract. That’s what Peter told me. |
| Sakura: あ、そうなの？あら～…ああ。 (A, sō na no? Ara… ā.) |
| Peter: Alrighty then. Now I wonder what Lora was subject to because probably there are a bunch of lawyers in the States just licking their chops at this, but I think we are out of jurisdictions now. I think we will be okay. |
| Sakura: 笑いすぎ。 (Warai sugi.) Laughing too much. Too much. |
| Peter: Alrighty then. Yeah all right, so why don’t you just listen to the conversation and again we have a really great bonus track too. So you definitely want to stop by and pick up that bonus track and yeah, we will talk to you after this. Go ahead. Here we go. |
| DIALOGUE |
| 長谷川: もう年末ですね。 (Mō nenmatsu desu ne.) |
| 石川: そうですね。 (Sō desu ne.) |
| 長谷川: 再来週は冬休みですね。石川さんは今年の冬休みをどこで過ごしますか。 (Saraishū wa fuyuyasumi desu ne. Ishikawa-san wa kotoshi no |
| fuyuyasumi o doko de sugoshimasu ka?) |
| 石川: そうですね。今年は家族が鳥取へ戻りますが、私は東京に残ります。仕事がありますから。長谷川さんはどうですか。 (Sō desu ne. Kotoshi wa kazoku ga Tottori e modorimasu ga, watashi wa Tōkyō ni nokorimasu. Shigoto ga arimasu kara. |
| Hasegawa-san wa dō desu ka?) |
| 長谷川: 私たちは今年もハワイへ行きます。 (Watashitachi wa kotoshi mo hawai e ikimasu.) |
| 石川: いいですね。お土産、よろしくお願いします。 (Ii desu ne. Omiyage, yoroshiku onegai shimasu.) |
| Peter: One more time slowly please. |
| Sakura: もう一度お願いします。ゆっくりお願いします。 (Mōichido onegaishimasu. Yukkuri onegaishimasu.) |
| 長谷川: もう年末ですね。 (Mō nenmatsu desu ne.) |
| 石川: そうですね。 (Sō desu ne.) |
| 長谷川: 再来週は冬休みですね。石川さんは今年の冬休みをどこで過ごしますか。 (Saraishū wa fuyuyasumi desu ne. Ishikawa-san wa kotoshi no |
| fuyuyasumi o doko de sugoshimasu ka?) |
| 石川: そうですね。今年は家族が鳥取へ戻りますが、私は東京に残ります。仕事がありますから。長谷川さんはどうですか。 (Sō desu ne. Kotoshi wa kazoku ga Tottori e modorimasu ga, watashi wa Tōkyō ni nokorimasu. Shigoto ga arimasu kara. |
| Hasegawa-san wa dō desu ka?) |
| 長谷川: 私たちは今年もハワイへ行きます。 (Watashitachi wa kotoshi mo hawai e ikimasu.) |
| 石川: いいですね。お土産、よろしくお願いします。 (Ii desu ne. Omiyage, yoroshiku onegai shimasu.) |
| 次は、ピーターさんの英語が入ります。 (Tsugi wa, pītā-san no eigo ga hairimasu.) |
| 長谷川: もう年末ですね。 (Mō nenmatsu desu ne.) |
| Peter: It's the end of the year already, isn't it? |
| 石川: そうですね。 (Sō desu ne.) |
| Peter: That's right. |
| 長谷川: 再来週は冬休みですね。石川さんは今年の冬休みをどこで過ごしますか。 (Saraishū wa fuyuyasumi desu ne. Ishikawa-san wa kotoshi no |
| fuyuyasumi o doko de sugoshimasu ka?) |
| Peter:The week after next is winter vacation. Mrs. Ishikawa, where will you spend your winter vacation? |
| 石川: そうですね。今年は家族が鳥取へ戻りますが、私は東京に残ります。仕事がありますから。長谷川さんはどうですか。 (Sō desu ne. Kotoshi wa kazoku ga Tottori e modorimasu ga, watashi wa Tōkyō ni nokorimasu. Shigoto ga arimasu kara. |
| Hasegawa-san wa dō desu ka?) |
| Peter:Hmmm. My family is going back to Tottori, but I will remain in Tokyo. Because I have work. How about you, Mr. Hasegawa? |
| 長谷川: 私たちは今年もハワイへ行きます。 (Watashitachi wa kotoshi mo hawai e ikimasu.) |
| We're going to Hawaii again this year. |
| 石川: いいですね。お土産、よろしくお願いします。 (Ii desu ne. Omiyage, yoroshiku onegai shimasu.) |
| Peter:Sounds nice. I'm looking forward to my souvenir. |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Peter: So Sakura-san, what did you think of today’s conversation? |
| Sakura: Poor 石川さん。可哀想。 (Ishikawa-san. Kawaisō.) |
| Peter: Yeah well have you heard the bonus track? |
| Sakura: Yes. |
| Peter: Because yeah while in this conversation, it’s 可哀想だ (kawaisō da) It’s not the case in the bonus track. |
| Sakura: Yeah そうなんです。 (Sōna n desu.) |
| Peter: Now today’s bonus track, Yoshi-san, what do you think of that? |
| Yoshi: It sounded good. |
| Peter: I think there’s more realistic, closer to real-life situations in the bonus track. |
| Yoshi: The true view of JapanesePod. |
| Peter: Yoshi has given away all the company secrets. Oh boy! |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Peter: Okay let’s move on to the vocab. Natsuko-san, welcome to the show and first word please. |
| Natsuko: 年末 (nenmatsu) |
| Peter: End of the year. |
| Natsuko: (slow)ねんまつ (nen matsu) (natural speed)年末 (nenmatsu) |
| Peter: This is made up of two Chinese characters. The first character is |
| Natsuko: 年 (toshi) Year. |
| Peter: The second one |
| Natsuko: End |
| Peter: And we can also use this end character with other measurements of time. |
| Natsuko: Yes. |
| Peter: For example |
| Natsuko: 月末 (getsumatsu) |
| Peter: End of the month. End is one you’ve all heard before. |
| Natsuko: 週末 (Shūmatsu) |
| Peter: End of the week or as we say it in English. |
| Natsuko: Weekend. |
| Peter: That just hit me now as I was talking about this. I never even thought about that. Next we have. |
| Natsuko: 冬休み (fuyuyasumi) |
| Peter: Winter vacation. |
| Natsuko: (slow)ふゆやすみ (fuyu yasumi) (natural speed)冬休み (fuyuyasumi) |
| Peter: Sakura-san I really like that Fu. |
| Natsuko: Huh? |
| Peter: I like your pronunciation, yeah. |
| Natsuko: ふ。 (Fu.) |
| Peter: It’s really cute. |
| Natsuko: そお？ (Sō?) |
| Peter: One more time. |
| Natsuko: ふ。 (Fu.) |
| Peter: I like it and in Japan, the whole country takes the end of the year off. |
| Natsuko: Yes. |
| Peter: About a week in most locations right? |
| Natsuko: Less than a week I think. |
| Peter: Just us Natsuko-san. A lot of people out there get a week. Yeah so many people go home. So this is one of the big two vacations during the year. Okay next we have. |
| Natsuko: 今年 (kotoshi) |
| Peter: This year. |
| Natsuko: (slow)ことし (kotoshi) (natural speed)今年 (kotoshi) |
| Peter: Now you just want to be careful. The two characters here are first one means |
| Natsuko: Now |
| Peter: Second one. |
| Natsuko: Year. |
| Peter: ‘Now year’ literally this year. Now what we want to be careful about, is this character is used with other measurements of time. We also have ‘now week,’ this week, but the pronunciation is different. How do we say this week? |
| Natsuko: 今週 (konshū) |
| Peter: How do we say this month? |
| Yoshi: 今月 (kongetsu) |
| Peter: So in I’d say the majority of the cases, 2 to 1, the pronunciation is こん (kon). |
| Natsuko: And we also have 今日 (kyō) |
| Peter: Now-a-day. |
| Natsuko: Yes. |
| Peter: As in today. Natsuko-san. Why did she stop me before I just made a fool of myself? Okay so it’s 2-2 it’s tied all right. Let’s move on. Thank you Natsuko-san. |
| Natsuko: You are welcome. |
| Peter: Next we have. |
| Yoshi: 過ごす (sugosu) |
| Peter: To spend. |
| Yoshi: (slow)すごす (sugosu) (natural speed)過ごす (sugosu) |
| Peter: This is to spend, as in spend time. Yoshi-san, how long did you spend in the US? |
| Yoshi: アメリカで7年過ごしました。 (Amerika de 7-nen sugoshimashita.) |
| Peter: I spent – Yoshi spent 7 years in the US. Okay next we have. |
| Natsuko: 家族 (kazoku) |
| Peter: Family. |
| Natsuko: (slow)かぞく (ka zo ku) (natural speed)家族 (kazoku) |
| Peter: Yoshi-san, can we get an example sentence? |
| Yoshi: 私は六人家族です。 (Watashi wa roku-ri kazoku desu.) |
| Peter: I have a family of six. My family is six people. |
| Yoshi: 家族写真を撮る (kazoku shashin o toru) |
| Peter: To take a family photo. Next we have Yoshi-san. |
| Yoshi: 鳥取 (Tottori) |
| Peter: Tottori prefecture. |
| Yoshi: (slow)とっとり (Tottori) (natural speed)鳥取 (Tottori) |
| Peter: Slight pause in there, Tottori because we have a small つ (Tsu). ちっちゃい「つ」(Chitchai ‘tsu’) is in there. So we have a slight pause in there. Okay and this prefecture is located in the southwest part of Japan. Right, Natsuko-san? |
| Natsuko: Yes. |
| Peter: Have you been there? |
| Natsuko: No. |
| Peter: Yoshi-san? |
| Yoshi: No. |
| Peter: Yeah. Anybody out there who has been to Tottori, please stop by japanesepod101.com and let us know. We would love to know how it is. I would like to go there. |
| Natsuko: Yes, me too. |
| Peter: Next we have. |
| Natsuko: 戻る (modoru) |
| Peter: To return. |
| Natsuko: (slow)もどる (modoru) (natural speed)戻る (modoru) |
| Peter: Sample sentence please. |
| Natsuko: 忘れ物をとりに家に戻る (Wasuremono o tori ni ie ni modoru) |
| Peter: To go back home, to get something you forgot. Next we have. |
| Yoshi: 残る (nokoru) |
| Peter: To remain. |
| Yoshi: (slow)のこる (nokoru) (natural speed)残る (nokoru) |
| Peter: Followed by |
| Natsuko: 仕事 (shigoto) |
| Peter: Work. |
| Natsuko: (slow)しごと (shi-goto) (natural speed)仕事 (shigoto) |
| Peter: And finally |
| Yoshi: お土産 (odosan) |
| Peter: Souvenir. |
| Yoshi: (slow)おみやげ (omiyage) (natural speed)お土産 (omiyage) |
Lesson focus |
|---|
| Peter: All right. Let’s take a closer look at the conversation. First line. |
| Yoshi: もう年末ですね (Mō nenmatsu desu ne) |
| Peter: It’s the end of the year already. Isn’t it. First let’s take a look at two points of interest in this sentence. First one is Yoshi-san? |
| Yoshi: もう (mō) |
| Peter: Already. Already end of the year. Second point of interest is the ‘ne.’ The particle, the sentence ending particle. Now this can be used as a tag question. It can also be used as an emphasizer but here the speaking party is using it like a tag question and using it to prompt the response out of the listener. So it’s the end of the year, isn’t it? Prompting response out of Sakura-san. |
| Natsuko: そうですね。 (Sō desu ne.) |
| Peter: That’s right. Now here the ne is not acting as a tag question. Next we have. |
| Yoshi: 再来週は冬休みですね。 (Saraishū wa fuyuyasumi desu ne.) |
| Peter: The week after next is winter vacation right. Again here we have the sentence ending particle ね (ne). Now when we say tag question. I think Sakura-san brings some really good insight to this. |
| Natsuko: You put ね (ne) when you want to share that feeling with the other person like you want to confirm that it’s you know, don’t you think so kind of expression. |
| Peter: Yeah I think that pretty much. |
| Natsuko: You want to share yeah. |
| Peter: I think that sums it up very nicely. So rather than making a statement, you are kind of feeling the other person out and seeing whether that person agrees with you or not. They both know that the week after next is winter vacation and he is just confirming it. A bit of shared knowledge between them is being confirmed. In this sentence, we have 再来週 (saraishū) the week after next. Yoshi-san, can you give us one more example with the measurement of time dealing with this. |
| Yoshi: 再来年 (sarainen) |
| Peter: The year after next. Okay and then we move on. Pay attention to the location of the interrogative in this following sentence Yoshi-san? |
| Yoshi: 石川さんは今年の冬休みをどこで過ごしますか？ (Ishikawa-san wa kotoshi no fuyuyasumi o dokode sugoshimasu ka?) |
| Peter: Where will Ms. Ishikawa spend her winter vacation this year? What we want to pay attention to here is the particles in this sentence. Yoshi-san, can you give us the sentence one more time bit by bit. |
| Yoshi: 石川さんは (Ishikawa-san wa) |
| Peter: Ms. Ishikawa marked by the topic marking particle. |
| Yoshi: は (wa) |
| Peter: Followed by |
| Yoshi: 今年の (kotoshi no) |
| Peter: This year’s possessive here, this year’s |
| Yoshi: 冬休み (fuyuyasumi) |
| Peter: This year’s winter vacation. It can also be translated as winter vacation of this year. So we have Ms. Ishikawa, winter vacation of this year. Now the winter vacation is marked by. |
| Yoshi: を (o) |
| Peter: The object marker followed by |
| Yoshi: どこで (dokode) |
| Peter: Here the interrogative comes here. In English, where comes first but in Japanese, it comes here right before the verb. |
| Yoshi: 過ごしますか (sugoshimasu ka) |
| Peter: We will spend – where will Ms. Ishikawa spend this year’s winter vacation? Now Yoshi-san, can you give us a variation of the same sentence. |
| Yoshi: 石川さんはどこで今年の冬休みを過ごしますか？ (Ishikawa-san wa doko de kotoshi no fuyuyasumi o sugoshimasu ka?) |
| Peter: Here we take the どこで (dokode) and put it after 石川さんは (ishikawa-san wa). What enables us to do this is the marking particles. Very flexible with the order but what’s not flexible is the particles and the object markers. They have to be accurate. Okay, then we have. |
| Natsuko: そうですね。 (Sō desu ne.) |
| Peter: That’s right. |
| Natsuko: 今年は家族が鳥取へ戻りますが、私は東京へ残ります。 (Kotoshi wa kazoku ga Tottori e modorimasuga, watashi wa Tōkyō e nokorimasu.) |
| Peter: This year, my family will return to Tottori but I will remain in Tokyo. Okay very straightforward Sakura-san let’s just run through this sentence. |
| Natsuko: 今年は (kotoshi wa) |
| Peter: This year is marked by the topic marking particle but we say this year but what are we really talking about? |
| Natsuko: This year’s vacation. |
| Peter: Yeah it’s inferred there just like in English. This year where are you going? This year I will be heading here or something like this but we are talking about the vacation followed by |
| Natsuko: 家族が (kazoku ga) |
| Peter: Family marked by が (ga). Then we have the location. |
| Natsuko: 鳥取 (Tottori) |
| Peter: Followed by the direction marker. |
| Natsuko: へ (e) |
| Peter: And the verb. |
| Natsuko: 戻ります (modorimasu) |
| Peter: To return. Then we have again |
| Natsuko: が (ga) |
| Peter: Now the first が (ga) is marking the subject. The second が (ga), here it’s acting as but in between the two sentences. Then we have. |
| Natsuko: 私は (watashi wa) |
| Peter: I marked by the topic marking particle は (wa) followed by |
| Natsuko: 東京に (Tōkyō ni) |
| Peter: Here the location marked by に (ni). |
| Natsuko: 残ります。 (Nokorimasu.) |
| Peter: Remain. ‘I Tokyo will remain.’ I will remain in Tokyo. Then we have. |
| Natsuko: 仕事があります。 (Shigoto ga arimasu.) |
| Peter: ‘Work there is’ is the literal translation. What marks the subject? |
| Natsuko: が (ga) |
| Peter: And it’s followed by |
| Natsuko: 長谷川さんはどうですか？ (Hasegawa-san wa dō desu ka?) |
| Peter: ‘Mr. Hasegawa, how about’ is the literal translation. We will need to reverse it a bit here. How about Mr. Hasegawa, how about you? We have |
| Yoshi: 私たちは今年もハワイへ行きます。 (Watashitachi wa kotoshi mo Hawai e ikimasu.) |
| Peter: Okay first part. |
| Yoshi: 私たち (Watashitachi) |
| Peter: We. Now it has to be inferred here. Yoshi-san, who are we talking about here, we? |
| Yoshi: Mr. Hasegawa and his family. |
| Peter: Yeah a family trip. So this again has to be inferred from the fact we are using the plural pronoun. Okay then we have? |
| Yoshi: 今年も (kotoshi mo) |
| Peter: This year also. This particle も what does this tell us Yoshi-san? |
| Yoshi: That they must have been to Hawaii last year also. |
| Peter: Exactly just from that little particle. Then we have. |
| Yoshi: ハワイへ (Hawai e) |
| Peter: Location Hawaii, then the direction marking particle へ (e). |
| Yoshi: 行きます。 (Ikimasu.) |
| Peter: Will go. This year, we will go to Hawaii also. Then? |
| Natsuko: いいですね。 (Īdesu ne.) |
| Peter: That’s nice. |
| Natsuko: お土産宜しくお願いします。 (Odosan yoroshiku onegaishimasu.) |
| Peter: Souvenir please. What’s the first word in that sentence? |
| Natsuko: お土産 (Odosan) |
| Peter: Souvenir. What’s the phrase that follows that? |
| Natsuko: 宜しくお願いします。 (Yoroshiku onegaishimasu.) |
| Peter: Now again, this has to be interpreted from the meaning of the sentence. When we translate it when dealing with the introductions, it comes out something like please be kind to me but the reason we translate it that way is, it has to be inferred from the context of the sentence. Here she is, saying jokingly, don’t forget my souvenir or don’t forget a souvenir. I will be waiting for a souvenir. So here we interpret this as, I will be waiting for my souvenir or don’t forget the souvenir. Now another possibility is, souvenir please but I think that’s a little too straight. |
Outro |
| Peter: Okay with that said, that’s going to do it for today. |
| Natsuko: またね。 (Mata ne.) |
| Yoshi: またね。(Mata ne.) |
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