Learn about a conjunction indicating that the preceding clause expresses a condition
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Natsuko: ナツコです。(Natsuko desu.) |
| Sachiko: さちこです。(Sachiko desu.) |
| Peter: Beginner lesson #164. Problem on the Pitch 2. お久しぶりです。(O-hisashiburi desu.) |
| Natsuko: お帰りなさい。(Okaerinasai.) |
| Peter: ただいま。ありがとうございます、ナツコさん、さちこさん。(Tadaima. Arigatō gozaimasu, Natsuko-san, Sachiko-san.) |
| Sachiko: お久しぶりですね。(O-hisashiburi desu ne.) |
| Natsuko: We were waiting for you. |
| Peter: Well I’d like to say thank you to Natsuko-san and 今更 (imasara) to Sachiko-san. Sachiko-san, can you help everybody out with what that means? |
| Sachiko: 今更 (imasara) means well, there is no need to say it now because it’s so obvious. |
| Natsuko: Yes. |
| Peter: To kind of sum it up, it means too late now. So Sachiko-san, I don’t forgive you. |
| Sachiko: あはは！ごめん。(Ahaha! Gomen.) |
| Peter: At least you like that. Okay, now I’ve been listening to japanesepod101.com over the past week and I have noticed something. The women have taken over. |
| Sachiko: Yeah, it’s about time you realized that! |
| Natsuko: Well umm.. |
| Peter: No words. |
| Natsuko: But at least, we have a women-only soccer team here, right? |
| Peter: You have everything here. The women-only company, the women- only soccer team but… |
| Natsuko: Yes. |
| Peter: To tell the truth, I think the soccer team, the women-soccer team, is better than the guys' team. |
| Natsuko: Umm well.. |
| Peter: In Japan. |
| Natsuko: Well they are doing a very good job. |
| Sachiko: We could probably kick their butts. Don’t you think, I think so, we are pretty good. I am the coach. You take it from me. |
| Peter: Oh boy! Well let me just reassure all our guy listeners out there or the girls out there who are interested in the way guys speak. We have – hopefully in the coming days, we are going to add a male voice kind of like a host/teacher and this guy should really be able to balance it out. Not that you are not doing an incredible job… |
| Natsuko: Thank you. |
| Peter: お疲れさまです。(Otsukare-sama desu.) Wow, the tone has changed a bit. Okay, so maybe you can bring me up to speed on where we are. I really have no idea. Tell me about what’s going on, tell me about the previous show. What’s going on here? |
| Sachiko: So the problem in the pitch one was about two soccer players fighting over strategy. One person was following the strategy, the other person had her own strategy. |
| Natsuko: Yeah. |
| Sachiko: And the coach has had to come in and sort of you know change the two people. |
| Natsuko: Yeah, and it was during their half time, right? |
| Sachiko: Yeah. |
| Natsuko: So we have to find out what’s happening during the second half of the game. |
| Peter: All right. Let’s take a look at that. Here we go. |
| DIALOGUE |
| （サッカーの試合中 後半）(Sakkā no shiaichū kōhan) |
| 島田 (Shimada) : ちょっと山田！なんで左の私にボール出して、走らないのよ！(Chotto Yamada! Nande hidari no watashi ni bōru dashite, hashiranai no yo!) |
| 山田 (Yamada) : なによ！さっきは右に出せって言ってたのに、今度は左に出せだって。 |
| どういうこと！(Nani yo! Sakki wa migi ni dase tte itte ta noni, kondo wa hidari ni dase datte. Dō iu koto!) |
| （コーチ二人を呼ぶ）(Kōchi futari o yobu) |
| 監督 (kantoku) : どうしたのよ。二人とも落ち着きなさい。二人が力を合わせればきっと勝てるわ！勝って勝利の美酒に酔おうじゃないの！(Dō shita no yo. Futari tomo ochitsukinasai. Futari ga chikara o awasereba kitto kateru wa! Katte shōri no bishu ni yoō ja nai no!) |
| Natsuko: もう一度お願いします。ゆっくりお願いします。(Mō ichi-do onegai shimasu. Yukkuri onegai shimasu.) |
| 島田 (Shimada) : ちょっと山田！なんで左の私にボール出して、走らないのよ！(Chotto Yamada! Nande hidari no watashi ni bōru dashite, hashiranai no yo!) |
| 山田 (Yamada) : なによ！さっきは右に出せって言ってたのに、今度は左に出せだって。どういうこと！(Nani yo! Sakki wa migi ni dase tte itte ta noni, kondo wa hidari ni dase datte. Dō iu koto!) |
| 監督 (kantoku) : どうしたのよ。二人とも落ち着きなさい。二人が力を合わせればきっと勝てるわ！勝って勝利の美酒に酔おうじゃないの！(Dō shita no yo. Futari tomo ochitsukinasai. Futari ga chikara o awasereba kitto kateru wa! Katte shōri no bishu ni yoō ja nai no!) |
| Natsuko: 次は、英語が入ります。(Tsugi wa, Eigo ga hairimasu.) |
| （サッカーの試合中 後半）(Sakkā no shiaichū kōhan) |
| (In the soccer game, the second half) |
| 島田 (Shimada) : ちょっと山田！なんで左の私にボール出して、走らないのよ！(Chotto Yamada! Nande hidari no watashi ni bōru dashite, hashiranai no yo!) |
| SHIMADA: Hey, Yamada! Why don't you kick the ball to the left and run? |
| 山田 (Yamada) : なによ！さっきは右に出せって言ってたのに、今度は左に出せだって。どういうこと！(Nani yo! Sakki wa migi ni dase tte itte ta noni, kondo wa hidari ni dase datte. Dō iu koto!) |
| YAMADA: Come on! You told me to kick the ball to the right just a minute ago, but now you tell me to kick to the left? What do you mean! |
| （コーチ二人を呼ぶ）(Kōchi futari o yobu) |
| (Coach calls them) |
| 監督 (kantoku) : どうしたのよ。二人とも落ち着きなさい。二人が力を合わせればきっと勝てるわ！勝って勝利の美酒に酔おうじゃないの！(Dō shita no yo. Futari tomo ochitsukinasai. Futari ga chikara o awasereba kitto kateru wa! Katte shōri no bishu ni yoō ja nai no!) |
| COACH: Hey, what's up. Calm down, guys. If you work together, we will definitely win. Let's enjoy the sweet taste of victory! |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Sachiko: ナツコさん、この会話どう思いましたか。(Natsuko-san, kono kaiwa dō omoimashita ka.) |
| Natsuko: まだ喧嘩してますね。(Mada kenka shite masu ne.) |
| Sachiko: そうですね。ちょっとしつこいですね。(Sō desu ne. Chotto shitsukoi desu ne.) |
| Peter: Yeah, they are still fighting. They are quite persistent, しつこい (shitsukoi), ah. 懐かしい。(Natsukashii.) Yeah, we kind of go over this over and over but しつこい (shitsukoi) is what do you think, not such a good meaning to it, right? |
| Natsuko: Not really. |
| Sachiko: Pretty negative as in persistent. He just won’t stop. |
| Peter: Yeah, in English, you know persistent can be again I guess it’s the context it’s used. He is really persistent like it can have that good meaning but しつこい (shitsukoi), I haven’t heard it used in a good lie. |
| Natsuko: It can be used. |
| Peter: Really? |
| Natsuko: Like yeah like you know when a person is very persistent with his work and like you know しつこく交渉して、いい結果になった (shitsukoku kōshō shite, ii kekka ni natta). |
| Sachiko: So he produced good results because he persistently negotiated. |
| Natsuko: So yeah in those cases, it can mean in a good way. |
| Peter: So it does have both meanings. |
| Natsuko: Yes, but in general, it’s not very good. |
| Peter: Yeah, well 9 times out of 10 if you hear it, it’s not good. |
| Natsuko: Like that. |
| Sachiko: Yeah. |
| Peter: All right. Let’s take a look at today’s vocab. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Natsuko: 今度は (kondo wa) |
| Sachiko: This time. |
| Natsuko: (slow) こんどは (kondo wa) (natural speed) 今度は (kondo wa) |
| Sachiko: 例文を一つお願いします。(Reibun o hitotsu onegai shimasu.) |
| Natsuko: 今度は失敗は許されないだろう。(Kondo wa shippai wa yurusarenai darō.) |
| Sachiko: This time, failure is not acceptable. |
| Peter: Yeah, this is quite a sentence. |
| Natsuko: Quite a sentence. |
| Sachiko: Something you don’t want to hear from your boss. |
| Natsuko: Yeah. |
| Peter: How about, like something a little more practical? 今度は私がおごります。(Kondo wa watashi ga ogorimasu.) |
| Natsuko: Wow! That’s nice. |
| Peter: No, no. |
| Sachiko: Thank you Peter. Hey, let’s go off to dinner right away. |
| Peter: Yeah this time, I will come with a check or this time, I will pick up the tab. Something a little more practical or positive than this time failure will not be accepted. |
| Natsuko: Better than that. |
| Peter: What do we have next? |
| Natsuko: どういうこと (dō iu koto) |
| Sachiko: What’s that supposed to mean? |
| Natsuko: (slow) どういうこと (dō iu koto) (natural speed) どういうこと (dō iu koto) |
| Peter: This is based on a phrase that we always talk about どういう (dō iu) which is used very often in spoken Japanese. What kind or what is this? And then when we follow this with こと (koto), what kind of thing is literally what’s being said but what kind of thing? What is that supposed to mean? |
| Natsuko: Yes. |
| Peter: What are you talking about and the way it’s used or kind of the nuance depends on the intonation. What kind of intonation do we have here? |
| Natsuko: どういうこと！(Dō iu koto!) |
| Sachiko: Which sounds a bit angry. |
| Natsuko: Yes. |
| Peter: Quite angry. |
| Sachiko: But it can mean a plain question |
| Natsuko: どういうことですか。(Dō iu koto desu ka.) |
| Peter: Which is actually polite Japanese and acceptable in very polite situations or formal situations. |
| Natsuko: Sure. |
| Sachiko: It could just be translated as can you explain a little bit or can you elaborate on that. |
| Peter: So kind of what is that supposed to mean with the nuance of elaborate. |
| Natsuko: Yes. So not very in a fighting situation. |
| Sachiko: It’s all on the intonation and the speech as well. Next word, please. |
| Natsuko: どうしたの (dō shita no) |
| Sachiko: What’s wrong? |
| Natsuko: (slow) どうしたの (dō shita no) (natural speed) どうしたの (dō shita no) |
| Peter: And this here is a colloquial phrase. |
| Natsuko: Yes. |
| Peter: Literally what did do, the past of する (suru), the verb to do, what did do but it’s due to frequency of usage and things like this, it kind of evolved into this colloquial phrase that means what happened or what’s wrong. |
| Natsuko: And this の (no) is very feminine form, right? |
| Peter: Thank you Natsuko-san for helping all the guys out there. What would a guy say? |
| Natsuko: どうしたんだ (dō shita n da) |
| Peter: That was good. Notice the difference at the end. Can you give us the version we found in the conversation? |
| Natsuko: どうしたのよ (dō shita no yo) |
| Peter: Versus. |
| Natsuko: どうしたんだ (dō shita n da) |
| Peter: And Natsuko was the male voice. Sorry, Natsuko-san. |
| Natsuko: Well it can’t be used among women but it has a bit masculine nuance. |
| Peter: Yeah, the んだ (n da) versus the の (no). |
| Natsuko: Yes. |
| Peter: And one more thing to point out here. Sometimes guys could say どうしたの (dō shita no). |
| Natsuko: Yes. |
| Peter: And that would be okay. |
| Natsuko: It sounds gentle. |
| Peter: Yeah. What’s really feminine here is the のよ (no yo). |
| Natsuko: Yes. |
| Peter: Yeah. You don’t want to be walking around if you are a guy saying どうしたのよ (dō shita no yo). |
| Sachiko: That will be a little bit too cute. |
| Natsuko: Quite strange. |
| Peter: Yeah, unless it’s your intended goal. Next we have |
| Natsuko: 力を合わせる (chikara o awaseru) |
| Sachiko: Combine forces, join hands. |
| Natsuko: (slow) ちからをあわせる (chikara o awaseru) (natural speed) 力を合わせる (chikara o awaseru) |
| Peter: Next. |
| Natsuko: きっと (kitto) |
| Sachiko: Surely. |
| Natsuko: (slow) きっと (kitto) (natural speed) きっと (kitto) |
| Sachiko: This word, it has a connotation of hope. Doesn’t it? You want something to happen and so you say it’s going to happen きっと (kitto). |
| Natsuko: Yes. Hopefully なんとかかんとか (nantoka kantoka). |
| Sachiko: Right. So for example, きっと勝てる (kitto kateru) in the conversation is I am sure we will win, I hope we will win. Surely we can win if we join hands. |
| Natsuko: Do you know the chocolate kitkat? |
| Sachiko: Oh! |
| Peter: The kitkat. |
| Sachiko: Uhoo what about it? |
| Natsuko: That sounds like きっとかつ (kitto katsu) in Japanese. |
| Sachiko: キットカット (kittokatto) |
| Peter: Really. |
| Natsuko: So the company made a very special version of kitkat for those who are taking exams. |
| Sachiko: You mean entrance exams…. |
| Natsuko: Entrance exams. |
| Sachiko: For high school or college? |
| Natsuko: Yeah, the college. |
| Sachiko: Wow! |
| Natsuko: Which has you know きっと勝つ (kitto katsu) nuance. You can go, you can win. |
| Sachiko: That’s really cute. |
| Natsuko: Yes, it was very interesting. |
| Peter: Was it just one year or is it every year? |
| Natsuko: Every year. You can see it everywhere like in convenient stores and supermarkets like around January to March. |
| Sachiko: Which is the typical season for entrance exams. Wow, I’ve never seen that. |
| Peter: Yeah, I didn’t pick up on it either. |
| Natsuko: Oh really? |
| Peter: That’s some really good advertising. |
| Natsuko: Yes. |
| Sachiko: It’s a great good luck charm to carry around, too. |
| Natsuko: And I think – and I thought that was also a very good way to memorize this expression きっと (kitto). |
| Peter: A great pneumatic. So can you give us two phrases side by side, well actually not phrases but one phrase and the word for kitkat? |
| Natsuko: きっと勝つ (kitto katsu) |
| Peter: Which is |
| Natsuko: You can surely win. |
| Peter: And what about kitkat? |
| Natsuko: キットカット (kittokatto) |
| Peter: Umm.. |
| Sachiko: Close enough I think. |
| Peter: All right. Let’s cover the rest of this vocab real quick. We are running very short of time. |
| Natsuko: I am sorry. 勝利 (shōri) |
| Sachiko: Victory. |
| Natsuko: (slow) しょうり (shōri) (natural speed) 勝利 (shōri) |
| Sachiko: Next word. |
| Natsuko: 美酒 (bishu) |
| Sachiko: High-grade sake. |
| Natsuko: (slow) びしゅ (bishu) (natural speed) 美酒 (bishu) |
| Sachiko: Now a lot of people in English speaking countries say さき (saki) but the actual word in Japanese is sake or さけ (sake). Okay next word, please. |
| Natsuko: 酔う (yō) |
| Sachiko: To get drunk. |
| Natsuko: (slow) よう (yō) (natural speed) 酔う (yō) |
| Sachiko: This includes everything from getting tipsy to being really, really, really drunk. Yeah. |
| Natsuko: Right. |
| Sachiko: There is a lot of vocabulary that we can use but we won’t cover that here. |
| Peter: Yeah, but we want to – yeah that’s a good idea because yeah there are a lot but what I want to point out is sickness, motion sickness uses this word, too. |
| Natsuko: Yes, 船酔い (funayoi). |
| Peter: Yes, which is boat and the masu-stem of this verb. So we have boat which is |
| Natsuko: 船 (fune) |
| Peter: Followed by |
| Natsuko: 酔い (yoi) |
| Peter: The masu-stem here. Put them together |
| Natsuko: 船酔い (funayoi) |
| Well the ふね (fune) changes into the ふな (funa) but it basically means the same thing. |
| Peter: And seasick. How about car sickness? |
| Natsuko: 車酔い (kurumayoi) |
| Peter: And so on and so on, but more than that, I want to know about this last phrase used in the dialogue. |
| Natsuko: 勝利の美酒に酔おうじゃないか。(Shōri no bishu ni yoō ja nai ka.) |
| Peter: Help us out here. |
| Natsuko: That’s a metaphor. |
| Sachiko: It literally means let’s win, drink some high-grade sake and get drunk and bask in a victory. |
| Peter: Not your everyday saying. |
| Natsuko: Right. Well they do not actually drink sake and get drunk but it’s a metaphor for tasting the victory. Do you say that in English? |
| Peter: Yes. |
| Sachiko: Getting the sweet taste of victory. |
| Natsuko: That’s it. |
| Peter: So that’s what this means here. |
| Natsuko: Yes. |
| Peter: Now I get it and this can be used in games, sporting events, anything else you know tests, can we say exams and things like this? |
| Natsuko: Yeah, I think so. So in many occasions that you have to challenge something, 勝利の美酒に酔う (shōri no bishu ni yō), it may sound a bit old-fashioned but it works. |
| Peter: It works. |
| Natsuko: It does work. |
| Peter: Well… |
| Sachiko: It sounds really poetic when you say it in Japanese. |
| Natsuko: Uhoo, right. |
| Peter: Well if this is the old fashioned version, what’s the newer version? |
| Natsuko: Umm, new version? |
| Peter: You said it sounds a bit old fashioned. |
| Natsuko: Ah well not old fashioned but you see a lot of these on newspapers, the sports pages. |
| Peter: Got it. Can you just give it to me, one more time? |
| Natsuko: Yes, if you like it very much. |
| Peter: Yeah, I really want to use it. I am probably going to use it in the non-appropriate situation just to use – just for the sake of using it. |
| Natsuko: 勝利の美酒に酔う (shōri no bishu ni yō), get drunk with the sweet alcohol of victory. |
| Peter: Sounds like a beautiful saying. We should check out where it came from. All right, but we are running way, way long today. All right, let’s just wrap this up. Grammar point, grammar point, grammar point. Natsuko-san, what do we have for the grammar point? |
Lesson focus |
|---|
| Natsuko: Conditional ば (ba). |
| Peter: Yeah, sometimes referred to as the ば (ba) conditional. |
| Natsuko: 二人が力を合わせれば (futari ga chikara o awasereba) |
| Sachiko: If we combine forces. |
| Peter: Now ば (ba)’s conjunction which indicates that the preceding clause expresses a condition, it’s a conditional. And more about this if you really want to get into the grammar nitty-gritty, check out the PDF but it’s a conditional. In today’s conversation, we had |
| Natsuko: 二人が力を合わせればきっと勝てる。(Futari ga chikara o awasereba kitto kateru.) |
| Peter: If the two of us combine our strength, we will surely win, we can definitely win. Okay, and it depends on the two of them putting their strength together. All right, way too long today but it was great to be back Natsuko-san and Sachiko-san. Thank you for allowing me to come back. You were doing such a great job. |
| Natsuko: Thank you. It was great to have you again. |
| Peter: Yes, and from here on out, we are going to see what we are going to have to do. Splitting people up, new combinations and hopefully we can get another guy who has always been here. |
| Natsuko: Because a new fiscal year starts from now, right? |
| Peter: Yes. |
| Natsuko: In Japan, April is the starting season. |
Outro |
| Peter: Oh boy, Sachiko-san, you are going to have to help me out with this after the show but that’s going to do for today. |
| Natsuko: じゃあ、またね。(Jā, mata ne.) |
| Sachiko: じゃあ、また。(Jā, mata.) |
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