Learn about te-form of verb conjugation - "nu", "bu" and "mu" ending verbs
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Natsuko: おはよう、フランクフルト。ナツコです。(Ohayō, Furankufuruto. Natsuko desu.) |
| Yoshi: おはよう、フランクフルト。ヨシです。(Ohayō, Furankufuruto. Yoshi desu.) |
| Peter: Peter here. Beginner lesson #86. All right, world cup. Well… |
| Natsuko: Well… |
| Peter: Some countries are happy and some are not. All in all, it’s turning out to be a great performance. I cannot say enough. I mean Germany looks so amazing. After seeing this, after seeing all the footage, ah, ドイツに行きたいですね。(Doitsu ni ikitai desu ne.) |
| Natsuko: 行きたいですね。(Ikitai desu ne.) |
| Yoshi: 間近で見たいですね。(Majika de mitai desu ne.) |
| Natsuko: 同感です。(Dōkan desu.) |
| Peter: Okay. Today we are continuing on with the te-form. Now while the te-form, the usage is the same across the board, there are some conjugation differences and today we are going to look at te-forms ending in |
| Natsuko: ぬ、ぶ、む (nu, bu, mu) |
| Peter: Thank you, Natsuko-san. These are conjugated in a different way. So this lesson is going to focus on this. All right, with that said, let’s get into today’s lesson. Here we go. |
| DIALOGUE |
| よし (Yoshi) : 先週末はどうでしたか。(Senshūmatsu wa dō deshita ka.) |
| なつこ (Natsuko) : 最悪でした！本当に最悪でした。(Saiaku deshita! Hontō ni saiaku deshita.) |
| よし (Yoshi) : どうしましたか。(Dō shimashita ka.) |
| なつこ (Natsuko) : 娘の金魚が死んで、彼女はずっと元気がありませんでした。私はペットショップに行きました。そして、帰り道の電車で痴漢に遭いました。(Musume no kingyo ga shinde, kanojo wa zutto genki ga arimasen deshita. Watashi wa petto shoppu ni ikimashita. Soshite, kaerimichi no densha de chikan ni aimashita.) |
| よし (Yoshi) : かわいそうな痴漢です。そいつは大丈夫でしたか。(Kawaisō na chikan desu. Soitsu wa daijōbu deshita ka.) |
| なつこ (Natsuko) : まあね。(Mā ne.) |
| よし (Yoshi) : どうしましたか。(Dō shimashita ka.) |
| なつこ (Natsuko) : そいつの足を踏んで、顔を殴って、助けてって叫びました。(Soitsu no ashi o funde, kao o nagutte, tasukete tte sakebimashita.) |
| よし (Yoshi) : え、あなたが叫びましたか。(E, anata ga sakebimashita ka.) |
| なつこ (Natsuko) : いいえ、そいつが叫びました。それで、警察が来ました。(Iie, soitsu ga sakebimashita. Sorede, keisatsu ga kimashita.) |
| よし (Yoshi) : 救急車も来たでしょう。(Kyūkyūsha mo kita deshō.) |
| なつこ (Natsuko) : まあね。そいつ、全治二週間らしいですよ。(Mā ne. Soitsu, zenchi ni-shūkan rashii desu yo.) |
| Natsuko: もう一度、お願いします。ゆっくり、お願いします。(Mō ichi-do, onegai shimasu. Yukkuri, onegai shimasu.) |
| よし (Yoshi) : 先週末はどうでしたか。(Senshūmatsu wa dō deshita ka.) |
| なつこ (Natsuko) : 最悪でした！本当に最悪でした。(Saiaku deshita! Hontō ni saiaku deshita.) |
| よし (Yoshi) : どうしましたか。(Dō shimashita ka.) |
| なつこ (Natsuko) : 娘の金魚が死んで、彼女はずっと元気がありませんでした。私はペットショップに行きました。そして、帰り道の電車で痴漢に遭いました。(Musume no kingyo ga shinde, kanojo wa zutto genki ga arimasen deshita. Watashi wa petto shoppu ni ikimashita. Soshite, kaerimichi no densha de chikan ni aimashita.) |
| よし (Yoshi) : かわいそうな痴漢です。そいつは大丈夫でしたか。(Kawaisō na chikan desu. Soitsu wa daijōbu deshita ka.) |
| なつこ (Natsuko) : まあね。(Mā ne.) |
| よし (Yoshi) : どうしましたか。(Dō shimashita ka.) |
| なつこ (Natsuko) : そいつの足を踏んで、顔を殴って、助けてって叫びました。(Soitsu no ashi o funde, kao o nagutte, tasukete tte sakebimashita.) |
| よし (Yoshi) : え、あなたが叫びましたか。(E, anata ga sakebimashita ka.) |
| なつこ (Natsuko) : いいえ、そいつが叫びました。それで、警察が来ました。(Iie, soitsu ga sakebimashita. Sorede, keisatsu ga kimashita.) |
| よし (Yoshi) : 救急車も来たでしょう。(Kyūkyūsha mo kita deshō.) |
| なつこ (Natsuko) : まあね。そいつ、全治二週間らしいですよ。(Mā ne. Soitsu, zenchi ni-shūkan rashii desu yo.) |
| Yoshi: 次は、ピーターさんの英語が入ります。(Tsugi wa, Pītā-san no Eigo ga hairimasu.) |
| よし (Yoshi) : 先週末はどうでしたか。(Senshūmatsu wa dō deshita ka.) |
| YOSHI: How was last weekend? |
| なつこ (Natsuko) : 最悪でした！(Saiaku deshita!) |
| NATSUKO: It was the worst. |
| なつこ (Natsuko) : 本当に最悪でした。(Hontō ni saiaku deshita.) |
| NATSUKO: Really the worst. |
| よし (Yoshi) : どうしましたか。(Dō shimashita ka.) |
| YOSHI: What happened? |
| なつこ (Natsuko) : 娘の金魚が死んで、(Musume no kingyo ga shinde,) |
| NATSUKO: My daughter's goldfish died, |
| なつこ (Natsuko) : 彼女はずっと元気がありませんでした。(kanojo wa zutto genki ga arimasen deshita.) |
| NATSUKO: And she wasn't feeling good the whole time. |
| なつこ (Natsuko) : 私はペットショップに行きました。(Watashi wa petto shoppu ni ikimashita.) |
| NATSUKO: So I went to the pet store. |
| なつこ (Natsuko) : そして、帰り道の電車で痴漢に遭いました。(Soshite, kaerimichi no densha de chikan ni aimashita.) |
| NATSUKO: On the way back, I ran into a pervert on the train. |
| よし (Yoshi) : かわいそうな痴漢です。(Kawaisō na chikan desu.) |
| YOSHI: Poor pervert. |
| よし (Yoshi) : そいつは大丈夫でしたか。(Soitsu wa daijōbu deshita ka.) |
| YOSHI: Is that guy alright? |
| なつこ (Natsuko) : まあね。(Mā ne.) |
| NATSUKO: I guess. |
| よし (Yoshi) : どうしましたか。(Dō shimashita ka.) |
| YOSHI: What happened? |
| なつこ (Natsuko) : そいつの足を踏んで、(Soitsu no ashi o funde,) |
| NATSUKO: I stepped on the guy's foot, |
| なつこ (Natsuko) : 顔を殴って、(kao o nagutte,) |
| NATSUKO: punched him in the face, |
| なつこ (Natsuko) : 助けてって叫びました。(tasukete tte sakebimashita.) |
| NATSUKO: and screamed, "help!" |
| よし (Yoshi) : え、あなたが叫びましたか。(E, anata ga sakebimashita ka.) |
| YOSHI: Huh? You screamed? |
| なつこ (Natsuko) : いいえ、そいつが叫びました。(Iie, soitsu ga sakebimashita.) |
| NATSUKO: No, that guy screamed. |
| なつこ (Natsuko) : それで、警察が来ました。(Sorede, keisatsu ga kimashita.) |
| NATSUKO: Then the police came. |
| よし (Yoshi) : 救急車も来たでしょう。(Kyūkyūsha mo kita deshō.) |
| YOSHI: And an ambulance too, right? |
| なつこ (Natsuko) : まあね。(Mā ne.) |
| NATSUKO: Yeah. |
| なつこ (Natsuko) : そいつ、全治二週間らしいですよ。(Soitsu, zenchi ni-shūkan rashii desu yo.) |
| NATSUKO: It seems it will take two weeks for him to get better. |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Peter: Natsuko-san, those boxing lessons are paying off. |
| Natsuko: Also football. |
| Peter: Natsuko-san, let’s ask Yoshi-san what he thought of the dialogue. |
| Natsuko: よしさん、今日の会話はどうでしたか。(Yoshi-san, kyō no kaiwa wa dō deshita ka.) |
| Yoshi: いや、すばらしい会話でしたね。ちょっと怖いですね。(Iya, subarashii kaiwa deshita ne. Chotto kowai desu ne.) |
| Peter: Yes, women of today are quite strong. |
| Natsuko: Yes. |
| Peter: Don’t play games. Right, Natsuko-san? |
| Natsuko: Yes, definitely. |
| VOCAB AND PHRASE USAGE |
| Peter: Lots of vocab in there, so much to introduce. What we are going to do now is get right in. |
| Natsuko: 最初のキーワードは、先週末 (Saisho no kīwādo wa, senshūmatsu) |
| Peter: Last weekend. |
| Natsuko: (slow)せんしゅうまつ (senshūmatsu) (natural speed) 先週末 (senshūmatsu) |
| Peter: And how do we say last week? |
| Natsuko: 先週 (senshū) |
| Peter: Perhaps we should start with the word for week. What’s the word for week? |
| Natsuko: 週 (shū) |
| Peter: Okay. Last week? |
| Natsuko: 先週 (senshū) |
| Peter: And next week? |
| Natsuko: 来週 (raishū) |
| Peter: Okay, so that one part stays the same. Now how do we say weekend? |
| Natsuko: 週末 (shūmatsu) |
| Peter: With 末 (matsu) meaning the end of. This is also used as a suffix in other examples. Can you give us one、 Natsuko-san? |
| Natsuko: 月末 (getsumatsu) |
| Peter: The end of the month. Also we have, Yoshi-san? |
| Yoshi: 世紀末 (seikimatsu) |
| Peter: The end of the century. All right, next. |
| Yoshi: 次のキーワードは、死ぬ (Tsugi no kīwādo wa, shinu) |
| Peter: To die. |
| Yoshi: (slow)しぬ (shinu) (natural speed) 死ぬ (shinu) |
| Peter: Now this verb is unique as it is one of the only moderns. We are trying to hedge our bets here because we’ve tried so hard to find other verbs that end in the syllable |
| Natsuko: ぬ (nu) |
| Peter: But we can’t. This is one of the most unique things about this verb. Natsuko-san, can you give us the masu-form of this verb? |
| Natsuko: 死にます (shinimasu) |
| Peter: Yoshi-san, can you give us the polite past form of this verb? |
| Yoshi: 死にました (shinimashita) |
| Peter: Negative polite present. |
| Natsuko: 死にません (shinimasen) |
| Peter: Polite past negative. |
| Yoshi: 死にませんでした (shinimasen deshita) |
| Peter: Okay, and now let’s just go through the plain form of this verb because we are going to cover everything for verbs ending in ぬ (nu) right here. So let’s just cover it all. The plain or the dictionary form. |
| Natsuko: 死ぬ (shinu) |
| Peter: Plain negative. |
| Yoshi: 死なない (shinanai) |
| Peter: Okay. ヨシさん、もう一度お願いします。(Yoshi-san, mō ichi-do onegai shimasu.) Please listen for the double sound. |
| Yoshi: (slow)しなない (shinanai) (natural speed) 死なない (shinanai) |
| Peter: And one more time, one time fast. |
| Yoshi: 死なない (shinanai) |
| Peter: Okay, again a very unique verb here. Next. |
| Natsuko: 次のキーワードは、殴る (Tsugi no kīwādo wa, naguru) |
| Peter: To punch, to hit. |
| Natsuko: (slow)なぐる (naguru) (natural speed) 殴る (naguru) |
| Peter: Natsuko-san, example please. Feel free to use “I want.” Hint him and you have your choice of examples here. |
| Natsuko: 悔しくて壁を殴った。(Kuyashikute kabe o nagutta.) I hurt my hands. |
| Peter: Poor wall. I thought – I actually think of the wall. |
| Natsuko: Wall? |
| Peter: Oh yeah. I am worried about you too, Natsuko |
| Natsuko: Thank you. |
| Peter: さん (san)… Okay, next we have |
| Yoshi: 次のキーワードは、遭う (Tsugi no kīwādo wa, au) |
| Peter: To encounter. |
| Yoshi: (slow)あう (au) (natural speed) 遭う (au) |
| Peter: Now this sounds the same as to meet but the Chinese character, the kanji is different. This 遭う (au) is used when someone meets something unfortunate. Hence encounter but if it helps you, you can think of meeting something not good. Natsuko-san, can you give us an example? |
| Natsuko: ひどい目に遭う。(Hidoi me ni au.) |
| Peter: To meet something terrible. Again here is another unique expression. That something in Japanese is a |
| Natsuko: 目 (me) |
| Peter: And that bad something is described before it. The description comes before the 目 (me) and it tells you about this bad something but if you hear – if you hear somebody say 目に遭う (me ni au), it’s not a good thing. |
| Natsuko: Yes. |
| Peter: You can be assured that something unfortunate was encountered. |
| Natsuko: Yes. |
| Peter: Okay, Yoshi-san, another example, please. |
| Yoshi: 事故に遭う。(Jiko ni au.) |
| Peter: To meet with an accident. Okay, and we gave you the informal, the plain form of the verbs here. What we are going to do now is give you the polite form. Natsuko-san, same sentence you just gave us, one more time polite form present polite. |
| Natsuko: ひどい目に遭います。(Hidoi me ni aimasu.) |
| Peter: Yoshi-san, |
| Yoshi: 事故に遭います。(Jiko ni aimasu.) |
| Peter: Next word. |
| Natsuko: 次のキーワードは、踏む (Tsugi no kīwādo wa, fumu) |
| Peter: To step on. |
| Natsuko: (slow)ふむ (fumu) (natural speed) 踏む (fumu) |
| Peter: And if you’ve been on a Japanese train in rush hour, you are quite familiar with this expression. |
| Natsuko: Yes. |
| Peter: Okay, example sentence, please. |
| Natsuko: ガムを踏みました。(Gamu o fumimashita.) |
| Peter: I stepped on gum. Next. |
| Yoshi: 次のキーワードは、叫ぶ (Tsugi no kīwādo wa, sakebu) |
| Peter: To scream. |
| Yoshi: (slow)さけぶ (sakebu) (natural speed) 叫ぶ (sakebu) |
| Peter: Example, please. |
| Yoshi: 叫び声 (sakebigoe) |
| Peter: Scream, screaming voice. Next. |
| Natsuko: 次のキーワードは、足 (Tsugi no kīwādo wa, ashi) |
| Peter: Feet but also can mean leg. |
| Natsuko: Yes. |
| Peter: Where is the exact cut off for this? |
| Natsuko: I am not sure. |
| Peter: Give me an example, like kick Yoshi right about where it would be, where it ends. |
| Natsuko: この辺かな？(Kono hen ka na?) |
| Yoshi: いてっ！(Ite!) |
| Peter: Yeah, I guess because, right – it can mean foot or leg. |
| Natsuko: Usually it’s below one’s knee. |
| Peter: Okay, so… |
| Natsuko: Because for thighs, we have another word. |
| Peter: Okay, from the knee down. |
| Natsuko: Yeah, usually but sometimes it does mean the whole leg. |
| Peter: Okay, can you break it down? |
| Natsuko: (slow)あし (ashi) (natural speed) 足 (ashi) |
| Peter: Example sentence, please. |
| Natsuko: 足を伸ばす。(Ashi o nobasu.) |
| Peter: To stretch one’s legs and the polite form. |
| Natsuko: 足を伸ばします。(Ashi o nobashimasu.) |
| Peter: How about an example from Yoshi-san? |
| Yoshi: 足を洗う。(Ashi o arau.) |
| Peter: Now this is a great expression. This is an idiomatic expression, meaning in English, to wash one’s hands, to give something up. So give it to us one more time in Japanese, please. |
| Natsuko: 足を洗う。(Ashi o arau.) |
| Peter: So for English speaking people, for native speakers and you come to Japan and you want to say I’ve given something up, you don’t want to say the Japanese word for hand, you want to say, to wash your feet of something. |
| Natsuko: Usually from something dirty. |
| Peter: Yes, such as in our example sentence, I don’t know who wrote this but…. Here we go, Yoshi-san. |
| Yoshi: ピーターは、やくざから足を洗って、今の仕事を始めました。(Pītā wa, yakuza kara ashi o aratte, ima no shigoto o hajimemashita.) |
| Natsuko: 本当ですか。(Hontō desu ka.) |
| Peter: You know how much it costs to run this show. If they can get it ready, they can keep going. So Peter washed his hands from the Mafia and started the work he is doing now. We are going to have to talk with our writer. This is getting a little too crazy but yes, again nice expression here. |
| Natsuko: Please be reminded that also, we use this as a literal meaning, you know, when you wash your feet, you can use that also. |
| Peter: I guess if you come back from the beach or something. |
| Natsuko: Yes. |
| Peter: Okay, last one. |
| Yoshi: 次のキーワードは、救急車 (Tsugi no kīwādo wa, kyūkyūsha) |
| Peter: Ambulance. |
| Yoshi: (slow)きゅうきゅうしゃ (kyūkyūsha) (natural speed) 救急車 (kyūkyūsha) |
| Peter: Now what’s the first part of this word? |
| Yoshi: 救急 (kyūkyū) |
| Peter: Emergency. Save one’s life, save quickly. Now these are the first two characters and they make up their own words. The last character, what’s the last character, Natsuko-san? |
| Natsuko: 車 (sha) |
| Peter: Vehicle, emergency vehicle is what we get when we put it together. |
Lesson focus |
|---|
| Peter: All right, on to today’s grammar point. Today we are going to look at verbs that end in |
| Natsuko: ぬ、ぶ、む (nu, bu, mu) |
| Peter: And it’s actually, we are going to – it will be cut down to just verbs that end in |
| Natsuko: ぶ (bu) and む (mu) |
| Peter: Because as we stated before, there is only one verb that ends in |
| Natsuko: ぬ (nu) |
| Peter: And that is |
| Natsuko: 死ぬ (shinu) |
| Peter: Natsuko-san, how do we make the te-form of verbs that end in ぬ (nu), む (mu) and ぶ (bu)? |
| Natsuko: You drop ぬ (nu), ぶ (bu) and む (mu) and add んで (nde). |
| Peter: So one syllable becomes two. |
| Natsuko: Yes. |
| Peter: All right. Let’s get that verb. The only one ending in ぬ (nu), what’s that verb, one more time? |
| Natsuko: 死ぬ (shinu) |
| Peter: To die, te-form, please. |
| Natsuko: 死んで (shinde) |
| Peter: Next we have. What verb do we use that ends in ぶ (bu)? |
| Natsuko: 叫ぶ (sakebu) |
| Peter: Te-form, please. |
| Natsuko: 叫んで (sakende) |
| Peter: And last we had, did we have a verb that ended in む (mu) in here? |
| Natsuko: 踏む (fumu) |
| Peter: And how do we form the te-form of that? |
| Natsuko: 踏んで (funde) |
| Peter: Now there is another verb out there that ends in む (mu) and we use this verb every single day, every day. You can’t go to sleep without it. You have to use it. What’s the verb to drink? |
| Natsuko: 飲む (nomu) |
| Peter: Very high frequency verb. So we are going to get the te-form of this verb, which is |
| Natsuko: 飲んで (nonde) |
| Peter: It’s quite funny. This can mean please drink. |
| Natsuko: Yes. |
| Peter: Just as is. Since we are among friends, we can actually leave off the ください (kudasai). |
| Natsuko: Right. |
| Peter: So Natsuko is saying please drink and I’d love to drink. |
Outro |
| Peter: All right, so that’s going to do for today. |
| Natsuko: また明日ね。(Mata ashita ne.) |
| Yoshi: またね。(Mata ne.) |
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