Learn about te-form of verb conjugation - "ku" ending verbs
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Yoshi: おはよう、マイアミ。ヨシです。(Ohayō, Maiami. Yoshi desu.) |
| Take: おはよう、マイアミ。タケです。(Ohayō, Maiami. Take desu.) |
| Peter: Peter here. Beginner lesson #85. All right. ヨシさん、今日、元気ですか。(Yoshi-san, kyō, genki desu ka.) |
| Yoshi: 元気です。タケさんは、元気ですか。(Genki desu. Take-san wa, genki desu ka.) |
| Take: もっちろん、元気です。ピーターは？(Motchiron, genki desu. Pītā wa?) |
| Peter: 相変わらず、絶好調です。(Aikawarazu, zekkōchō desu.) the reason is today, we are continuing on with the te-form of verbs. Now, last week, we covered class 1, class 2 and irregulars, class 3. Now today what we are going to do is we are going to take a look at an exception. It’s kind of a class 1 irregular and the verbs we are talking about are found in the dictionary form ending in く (ku) or ぐ (gu). Now these class 1 verbs are conjugated in a special way. Now first, we are going to get into the conversation. Listen to the conversation, see what you can get. Afterwards, we are going to break it down, go through it and we are going to get you through this kind of irregular conjugation. All right, there is a lot in there. So what we are going to do is get right in. Here we go. |
| DIALOGUE |
| よし (Yoshi) : 今日何しますか。(Kyō nani shimasu ka.) |
| たけ (Take) : 今日？天気を見てください！いよいよ夏が来ました。晴れで、暑くて、夏本番ですよ！今日は海に行きます。(Kyō? Tenki o mite kudasai! Iyoiyo natsu ga kimashita. Hare de, atsukute, natsu honban desu yo! Kyō wa umi ni ikimasu.) |
| よし (Yoshi) : 海ですか。あまり行きたくないです。(Umi desu ka. Amari ikitakunai desu.) |
| たけ (Take) : まあ、聞いてください。海に行って、泳いで、かき氷を食べて、まさに日本の夏ですよ。ところで、あなたは海が好きですよね。(Mā, kiite kudasai. Umi ni itte, oyoide, kakigōri o tabete, masa ni Nihon no natsu desu yo. Tokorode, anata wa umi ga suki desu yo ne.) |
| よし (Yoshi) : そうですけど。実は、今、水着がちょっと厳しいんです。(Sō desu kedo. Jitsu wa, ima, mizugi ga chotto kibishii n desu.) |
| たけ (Take) : ああ・・・確かに厳しいですね。(Ā... tashika ni kibishii desu ne.) |
| Take: もう一度、お願いします。ゆっくり、お願いします。(Mō ichi-do, onegai shimasu. Yukkuri, onegai shimasu.) |
| よし (Yoshi) : 今日何しますか。(Kyō nani shimasu ka.) |
| たけ (Take) : 今日？天気を見てください！いよいよ夏が来ました。晴れで、暑くて、夏本番ですよ！今日は海に行きます。(Kyō? Tenki o mite kudasai! Iyoiyo natsu ga kimashita. Hare de, atsukute, natsu honban desu yo! Kyō wa umi ni ikimasu.) |
| よし (Yoshi) : 海ですか。あまり行きたくないです。(Umi desu ka. Amari ikitakunai desu.) |
| たけ (Take) : まあ、聞いてください。海に行って、泳いで、かき氷を食べて、まさに日本の夏ですよ。ところで、あなたは海が好きですよね。(Mā, kiite kudasai. Umi ni itte, oyoide, kakigōri o tabete, masa ni Nihon no natsu desu yo. Tokorode, anata wa umi ga suki desu yo ne.) |
| よし (Yoshi) : そうですけど。実は、今、水着がちょっと厳しいんです。(Sō desu kedo. Jitsu wa, ima, mizugi ga chotto kibishii n desu.) |
| たけ (Take) : ああ・・・確かに厳しいですね。(Ā... tashika ni kibishii desu ne.) |
| Take: 次は、ピーターさんの英語が入ります。(Tsugi wa, Pītā-san no Eigo ga hairimasu.) |
| よし (Yoshi) : 今日何しますか。(Kyō nani shimasu ka.) |
| YOSHI: What will we do today? |
| たけ (Take) : 今日？(Kyō?) |
| TAKE: Today? |
| たけ (Take) : 天気を見てください！(Tenki o mite kudasai!) |
| TAKE: Please look at the weather. |
| たけ (Take) : いよいよ夏が来ました。(Iyoiyo natsu ga kimashita.) |
| TAKE: Summer has finally arrived. |
| たけ (Take) : 晴れで、暑くて、夏本番ですよ！(Hare de, atsukute, natsu honban desu yo!) |
| TAKE: It is sunny, it is hot. The real summer is here. |
| たけ (Take) : 今日は海に行きます。(Kyō wa umi ni ikimasu.) |
| TAKE: Today we will go to the sea. |
| よし (Yoshi) : 海ですか。(Umi desu ka.) |
| YOSHI: The sea? |
| よし (Yoshi) : あまり行きたくないです。(Amari ikitakunai desu.) |
| YOSHI: I don't really want to go. |
| たけ (Take) : まあ、聞いてください。(Mā, kiite kudasai.) |
| TAKE: Please listen. |
| たけ (Take) : 海に行って、(Umi ni itte,) |
| TAKE: We'll go to the sea, |
| たけ (Take) : 泳いで、(oyoide,) |
| TAKE: swim, |
| たけ (Take) : かき氷を食べて、(kakigōri o tabete,) |
| TAKE: eat kakigori. |
| たけ (Take) : まさに日本の夏ですよ。(masa ni Nihon no natsu desu yo.) |
| TAKE: That’s Japanese summer. |
| たけ (Take) : ところで、あなたは海が好きですよね。(Tokorode, anata wa umi ga suki desu yo ne.) |
| TAKE: By the way, you like the sea, right? |
| よし (Yoshi) : そうですけど。(Sō desu kedo.) |
| YOSHI: That’s right, but, |
| よし (Yoshi) : 実は、今、水着がちょっと厳しいんです。(Jitsu wa, ima, mizugi ga chotto kibishii n desu.) |
| YOSHI: The truth is, my bathing suit is a bit tight right now. |
| たけ (Take) : ああ・・・確かに厳しいですね。(Ā... tashika ni kibishii desu ne.) |
| TAKE: Ah, it’s certainly tight. |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Peter: Yoshi-san, let’s ask Take-san what he thinks of today’s conversation. |
| Yoshi: たけさん、今日の会話はどうですか。(Take-san, kyō no kaiwa wa dō desu ka.) |
| Take: そっか。よしさんも厳しいんですね。(Sokka. Yoshi-san mo kibishii n desu ne.) |
| Yoshi: ちょっと厳しいですね。(Chotto kibishii desu ne.) |
| Take: 実は、私も厳しいです。(Jitsu wa, watashi mo kibishii desu.) |
| Peter: あ～、冬に食べ過ぎて。(Ā, fuyu ni tabesugite.) |
| Yoshi: みんなこの時期、ダイエットしますよね。(Minna kono jiki, daietto shimasu yo ne.) |
| Take: 頑張りましょう！(Ganbarimashō!) |
| Yoshi: まだね、一ヶ月くらいありますからね。(Mada ne, ikkagetsu kurai arimasu kara ne.) |
| Peter: 私もそう思います。一人で頑張ってください。 (Watashi mo sō omoimasu. Hitori de ganbatte kudasai.) |
| VOCAB AND PHRASE USAGE |
| Peter: All right. Let’s get into today’s vocabulary. Natsuko-san, first word お願いします (onegai shimasu). |
| Natsuko: 最初のキーワードは、いよいよ (Saisho no kīwādo wa, iyoiyo) |
| Peter: Finally. |
| Natsuko: (slow)いよいよ (iyoiyo) (natural speed) いよいよ (iyoiyo) |
| Peter: Yoshi-san, please ask Natsuko-san for an example sentence. |
| Yoshi: ナツコさん、例をお願いします。(Natsuko-san, rei o onegai shimasu.) |
| Natsuko: いよいよワールドカップが始まりました！(Iyoiyo wārudo cappu ga hajimarimashita!) |
| Peter: A little more than started. It’s almost over. |
| Natsuko: Well not yet, not yet. |
| Peter: Well maybe for some of the teams out there. |
| Natsuko: Yes. |
| Peter: Natsuko-san, what do you think about Japan’s next game? What’s going to happen? |
| Natsuko: 次はブラジルに勝ちますよ！(Tsugi wa Burajiru ni kachimasu yo!) |
| Peter: 頑張ってください。(Ganbatte kudasai.) |
| Natsuko: 頑張ります。私じゃないや。頑張れ日本！(Ganbarimasu. Watashi ja nai ya. Ganbare Nippon!) |
| Peter: Next word. ヨシさん、お願いします。(Yoshi-san, onegai shimasu.) |
| Yoshi: 次のキーワードは、夏 (Tsugi no kīwādo wa, natsu) |
| Peter: Summer. |
| Yoshi: (slow)なつ (natsu) (natural speed) 夏 (natsu) |
| Peter: And Natsuko-san, can you please run through all four seasons? We will start with summer, on to fall, winter, and spring in that order, please. |
| Natsuko: 夏、秋、冬、春 (natsu, aki, fuyu, haru) |
| Peter: Natsuko-san, please ask Yoshi-san to give us an example word. |
| Natsuko: ヨシさん、例をお願いします。(Yoshi-san, rei o onegai shimasu.) |
| Yoshi: 夏休み (natsuyasumi) |
| Peter: いいですね。(Ii desu ne.) |
| Natsuko: いい言葉ですね。(Ii kotoba desu ne.) |
| Peter: Too bad. It doesn’t exist for us. What was that word? |
| Natsuko: 夏休み (natsuyasumi) |
| Peter: Summer vacation. We also have winter vacation which is |
| Natsuko: 冬休み (fuyuyasumi) |
| Peter: And what about spring and fall? Do we have those? |
| Yoshi: We have 春休み (haruyasumi) which is a spring break. |
| Peter: What about fall? |
| Natsuko: We don’t have any. |
| Peter: Ah, you should start it. Come on, no fall? |
| Natsuko: Yeah. |
| Peter: Well, fall used to be my favorite season but if it doesn’t have a holiday, I don’t know about that. All right, next. |
| Natsuko: 次のキーワードは、本番 (Tsugi no kīwādo wa, honban) |
| Peter: Real part. |
| Natsuko: (slow)ほんばん (honban) (natural speed) 本番 (honban) |
| Peter: This word consists of two kanji, two Chinese characters. What’s the first one? |
| Natsuko: 本 (hon) |
| Peter: And this has the meaning of real. One of the many meanings and this is also found in |
| Natsuko: 本当 (hontō) |
| Peter: The second character is |
| Natsuko: 番 (ban) |
| Peter: Number or turn. So when we put these together, it’s the real part. We have a couple of example sentences for you that I think can clarify this a bit more. ナツコさん、お願いします。(Natsuko-san, onegai shimasu.) |
| Natsuko: セリフは全て覚えましたか。明日は本番ですよ。(Serifu wa subete oboemashita ka. Ashita wa honban desu yo.) |
| Peter: Have you remembered everything? Tomorrow’s the real thing. Now we are going to show you a bit more. We are going to get into this a bit more because this word is used quite often in the entertainment business where 本番 (honban) means the real thing, the real shoot. So let’s give you some examples of the entertainment industry. Natsuko-san, some examples, please. |
| Natsuko: テレビ番組 (terebi bangumi) |
| Peter: TV show. |
| Peter: 映画 (eiga) |
| Peter: Movie. |
| Natsuko: ラジオ番組 (rajio bangumi) |
| Peter: Radio show and what about us, Natsuko-san? What are we? |
| Natsuko: 本番中です。(Honbanchū desu.) |
| Peter: Yes. Now usually before the real thing or in Japanese, we just said |
| Natsuko: 本番 (honban) |
| Peter: There is usually what? |
| Natsuko: リハーサル (rihāsaru) |
| Peter: Rehearsal, practice. Natsuko-san, how many times do we rehearse? |
| Natsuko: Oh about a thousand times, right? |
| Peter: Yeah, if you minus that by a thousand. Yeah, we do things… |
| Natsuko: 本番 (honban) |
| Peter: Right into the studio recording and that’s why our one and only – the super editor Jones that’s why his life is so miserable. What are you guys doing in there? We bring him hours of footage and just hand it over. |
| Natsuko: Thank you, Jones. |
| Peter: Thank you so much, Jones. We so appreciate it. One other example is a game. For example, before the world cup started, everybody was getting ready. Once it started, it was |
| Natsuko: 本番 (honban) |
| Peter: Yep. So all the friendly matches up until that point, they were |
| Natsuko: 練習試合 (renshūjiai) |
| Peter: Practice games but the real thing started. So Japan’s next game, next game is against |
| Natsuko: ブラジル (Burajiru) |
| Peter: It’s |
| Natsuko: 本番 (honban) |
| Peter: Oh yes. Best of luck to both teams. Next word. |
| Yoshi: 次のキーワードは、まさに (Tsugi no kīwādo wa, masa ni) |
| Peter: Just, very, exactly. |
| Yoshi: (slow)まさに (masa ni) (natural speed) まさに (masa ni) |
| Natsuko: ヨシさん、例をお願いします。(Yoshi-san, rei o onegai shimasu.) |
| Yoshi: まさに、この場所で旦那に初めて会いました。(Masa ni, kono basho de danna ni hajimete aimashita.) |
| Peter: Yoshi-san, you don’t have to read the example sentences exactly the way they are because this translates into The Very Place I First Met My Husband and Yoshi is not even married. So yeah, feel free to, you know, get a little creative in there. |
| Yoshi: Interesting. |
| Peter: So the very, the exact place. Next. |
| Natsuko: 次のキーワードは、水着 (Tsugi no kīwādo wa, mizugi) |
| Peter: Swimsuit. |
| Natsuko: (slow)みずぎ (mizugi) (natural speed) 水着 (mizugi) |
| Peter: And this word is made up of two characters, two Chinese characters, two kanji. They are |
| Natsuko: 水 (mizu) |
| Peter: Water. |
| Natsuko: 着 (gi) |
| Peter: To wear. So the thing you wear in the water, bathing suit or swimsuit. Next. |
| Yoshi: 次のキーワードは、厳しい (Tsugi no kīwādo wa, kibishii) |
| Peter: Tough, strict, difficult. |
| Yoshi: (slow)きびしい (kibishii) (natural speed) 厳しい (kibishii) |
| Natsuko: ヨシさん、例をお願いします。(Yoshi-san, rei o onegai shimasu.) |
| Peter: 私の両親は、厳しい。(Watashi no ryōshin wa, kibishii.) |
| Peter: My parents are strict. Now this is the literal translation of the word. The way we use it in the dialogue and in our next example is a bit different. Okay, so please listen and pay attention. It’s a short dialogue, just two lines. Natsuko-san and Yoshi-san are going to read it for us. Here we go. |
| Yoshi: 金曜までにこの仕事ができますか。(Kin-yō made ni kono shigoto ga dekimasu ka.) |
| Natsuko: ちょっと厳しいです。(Chotto kibishii desu.) |
| Peter: Can you do this work by Friday? It’s a little difficult. So due to various circumstances and factors, it’s going to be tough to accomplish this. Now what do we have in the dialogue? |
| Yoshi: 水着がちょっと厳しいんです。(Mizugi ga chotto kibishii n desu.) |
| Peter: So it means the fact of getting this bathing suit on is going to be a little difficult. So maybe that person was eating a lot during the winter. |
| Natsuko: Right. |
| Peter: And hasn’t been out for a new bathing suit. Okay, but the point we want to say here is, when it’s going to be difficult to do something, get that bathing suit on or get the work done. We can use this word as difficult. Very nice nuance of the language, ちょっと厳しいです (chotto kibishii desu). Next. |
| Natsuko: 次のキーワードは、確かに (Tsugi no kīwādo wa, tashika ni) |
| Peter: Certainly. As a standalone expression, this means you are right or I grant you that whatever you said. |
| Natsuko: (slow)たしかに (tashika ni) (natural speed) 確かに (tashika ni) |
| Peter: Now be sure not to confuse this with |
| Natsuko: 確か (tashika) |
| Peter: The same exact word. Just minus the particle |
| Natsuko: に (ni) |
| Peter: They have a different meaning. Without that に (ni), this word means as I recall, if I am correct when recalling or thinking about something. Okay, let’s have an example using 確かに (tashika ni). |
| Natsuko: 確かに鍵をかけました。(Tashika ni kagi o kakemashita.) |
| Peter: Certainly I locked the door. I am certain I locked the door. |
Lesson focus |
|---|
| Peter: Okay, now on to today’s grammar point. Over the past few lessons, we’ve been covering the te-form of Japanese verbs. Today we are going to look more at class 1 verbs. Remember class 2 conjugation is quite easy. Just drop the |
| Natsuko: る (ru) |
| Peter: And add |
| Natsuko: て (te) |
| Peter: Then we cover verbs ending in す (su). Simple just drop the |
| Natsuko: す (su) |
| Peter: And add |
| Natsuko: して (shite) |
| Peter: That catch with class 1 verbs when conjugating to the te-form, it’s that there are some exceptions and today we are going to look further into another exception. Now the verbs we are going to look at today end in |
| Natsuko: く (ku) and ぐ (gu) |
| Peter: Can we have an example of a verb ending in く (ku)? |
| Natsuko: 聞く (kiku) |
| Peter: To hear. Now how do we make this into the te-form? |
| Natsuko: Drop く (ku) and add いて (ite). |
| Peter: So 聞く (kiku) becomes |
| Natsuko: 聞いて (kiite) |
| Peter: Do we have one more example with a verb ending in く(ku)? |
| Natsuko: 咲く (saku) |
| Peter: Bloom as in Cherry Blossoms bloom, which is? |
| Natsuko: 桜が咲く(sakura ga saku) |
| Peter: Okay, now let’s have the te-form of that. |
| Natsuko: 咲いて (saite) |
| Peter: Okay, we drop the |
| Natsuko: く (ku) |
| Peter: And add |
| Natsuko: いて (ite) |
| Peter: Now there is a notable standout exception to this. What word is that? |
| Natsuko: 行く (iku) |
| Peter: Okay, and again just to reinforce this, how do we form the te-form of 行く (iku)? |
| Natsuko: Drop く (ku) and add って (tte). |
| Peter: Yeah, so this is the exception. The te-form of 行く (iku) does not include |
| Natsuko: いて (ite) |
| Peter: But rather |
| Natsuko: って (tte) |
| Peter: But for other verbs ending in the syllable く (ku), we have |
| Natsuko: いて (ite) |
| Peter: And for verbs ending in the syllable ぐ (gu), we have |
| Natsuko: 泳ぐ (oyogu) |
| Peter: To swim. And how do you make this into the te-form? |
| Natsuko: Drop ぐ (gu) and add いで (ide) |
| Peter: Which gives us |
| Natsuko: 泳いで (oyoide) |
Outro |
| Peter: All right, that’s going to be for today. |
| Natsuko: また明日ね。 (Mata ashita ne.) |
| Yoshi: またね。 (Mata ne.) |
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