Learn about the present negative form of the -tai construction
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Natsuko: おはよう、キングストン。ナツコです。(Ohayō, Kingusuton. Natsuko desu.) |
| Yoshi: おはよう、キングストン。ヨシです。(Ohayō, Kingusuton. Yoshi desu.) |
| Peter: Peter here. Beginner lesson #80. All right, back with more I want, I want, I want to do. Today we are going to find out where everybody is headed. Natsuko-san, where were you betting on again? I mean where did you choose again? |
| Natsuko: Oh, Hokkaido is cheaper. |
| Peter: And Yoshi-san? |
| Yoshi: Okinawa. |
| Peter: Wow! Today we are going to find out plus much more. All right, so with that said, we are ready to get into today’s lesson. Are you ready guys? |
| Natsuko: Yes. |
| Yoshi: Yes. |
| Peter: Here we go. |
| DIALOGUE |
| 代理 (dairi) : いらっしゃいませ。どうぞ。(Irasshaimase. Dōzo.) |
| 夏子 (Natsuko) : 私たちは旅行へ行きたいんですが。(Watashi-tachi wa ryokō e ikitai n desu ga.) |
| 代理 (dairi) : 最近ハワイ旅行は人気がありますが。(Saikin Hawai ryokō wa ninki ga arimasu ga.) |
| ちぐさ (Chigusa) : 私たちは国内旅行がいいです。沖縄と北海道、どちらが安いですか。(Watashi-tachi wa kokunai ryokō ga ii desu. Okinawa to Hokkaidō, dochira ga yasui desu ka.) |
| 代理 (dairi) : そうですね。現在、北海道は沖縄より安いですよ。(Sō desu ne. Genzai, Hokkaidō wa Okinawa yori yasui desu yo.) |
| 夏子 (Natsuko) : じゃ、決まりですね。(Ja, kimari desu ne.) |
| ちぐさ (Chigusa) : 北海道。。。やっぱり北海道へ行きたくないです。(Hokkaidō... Yappari Hokkaidō e ikitakunai desu.) |
| 夏子 (Natsuko) : ハー？(Hā?) |
| ちぐさ (Chigusa) : 北海道は冬がいいです。私は泳ぎたいです！(Hokkaidō wa fuyu ga ii desu. Watashi wa oyogitai desu!) |
| 今、北海道では泳ぐことはできません。北海道より沖縄へ行きたいです。(Ima, Hokkaidō de wa oyogu koto wa dekimasen. Hokkaidō yori Okinawa e ikitai desu.) |
| 夏子 (Natsuko) : はい、はい、分かりました。じゃ、沖縄にしましょう。じゃ、沖縄を三人で予約お願いします。(Hai, hai, wakarimashita. Ja, Okinawa ni shimashō. Ja, Okinawa o san-nin de yoyaku onegai shimasu.) |
| 代理 (dairi) : はい、ありがとうございます！(Hai, arigatō gozaimasu!) |
| Yoshi: もう一度お願いします。ゆっくりお願いします。(Mō ichi-do onegai shimasu. Yukkuri onegai shimasu.) |
| 代理 (dairi) : いらっしゃいませ。どうぞ。(Irasshaimase. Dōzo.) |
| 夏子 (Natsuko) : 私たちは旅行へ行きたいんですが。(Watashi-tachi wa ryokō e ikitai n desu ga.) |
| 代理 (dairi) : 最近ハワイ旅行は人気がありますが。(Saikin Hawai ryokō wa ninki ga arimasu ga.) |
| ちぐさ (Chigusa) : 私たちは国内旅行がいいです。沖縄と北海道、どちらが安いですか。(Watashi-tachi wa kokunai ryokō ga ii desu. Okinawa to Hokkaidō, dochira ga yasui desu ka.) |
| 代理 (dairi) : そうですね。現在、北海道は沖縄より安いですよ。(Sō desu ne. Genzai, Hokkaidō wa Okinawa yori yasui desu yo.) |
| 夏子 (Natsuko) : じゃ、決まりですね。(Ja, kimari desu ne.) |
| ちぐさ (Chigusa) : 北海道。。。やっぱり北海道へ行きたくないです。(Hokkaidō... Yappari Hokkaidō e ikitakunai desu.) |
| 夏子 (Natsuko) : ハー？(Hā?) |
| ちぐさ (Chigusa) : 北海道は冬がいいです。私は泳ぎたいです！(Hokkaidō wa fuyu ga ii desu. Watashi wa oyogitai desu!) |
| 今、北海道では泳ぐことはできません。北海道より沖縄へ行きたいです。(Ima, Hokkaidō de wa oyogu koto wa dekimasen. Hokkaidō yori Okinawa e ikitai desu.) |
| 夏子 (Natsuko) : はい、はい、分かりました。じゃ、沖縄にしましょう。じゃ、沖縄を三人で予約お願いします。(Hai, hai, wakarimashita. Ja, Okinawa ni shimashō. Ja, Okinawa o san-nin de yoyaku onegai shimasu.) |
| 代理 (dairi) : はい、ありがとうございます！(Hai, arigatō gozaimasu!) |
| Yoshi: 次は、ピーターさんの英語が入ります。(Tsugi wa, Pītā-san no Eigo ga hairimasu.) |
| 代理 (dairi) : いらっしゃいませ。どうぞ。(Irasshaimase. Dōzo.) |
| AGENT: Welcome. Please, this way. |
| 夏子 (Natsuko) : 私たちは旅行へ行きたいんですが。(Watashi-tachi wa ryokō e ikitai n desu ga.) |
| NATSUKO: We want to go on a trip. |
| 代理 (dairi) : 最近ハワイ旅行は人気がありますが。(Saikin Hawai ryokō wa ninki ga arimasu ga.) |
| AGENT: Recently, trips to Hawaii are popular. |
| ちぐさ (Chigusa) : 私たちは国内旅行がいいです。(Watashi-tachi wa kokunai ryokō ga ii desu.) |
| CHIGUSA: For us, a domestic trip is good. |
| ちぐさ (Chigusa) : 沖縄と北海道、どちらが安いですか。(Okinawa to Hokkaidō, dochira ga yasui desu ka.) |
| CHIGUSA: Which is cheaper, Okinawa or Hokkaido? |
| 代理 (dairi) : そうですね。現在、北海道は沖縄より安いですよ。(Sō desu ne. Genzai, Hokkaidō wa Okinawa yori yasui desu yo.) |
| AGENT: Hmm. Currently, Hokkaido is cheaper than Okinawa. |
| 夏子 (Natsuko) : じゃ、決まりですね。(Ja, kimari desu ne.) |
| NATSUKO: Okay, it's decided. |
| ちぐさ (Chigusa) : 北海道。。。やっぱり北海道へ行きたくないです。(Hokkaidō... Yappari Hokkaidō e ikitakunai desu.) |
| CHIGUSA: Hokkaido? Just as I thought, I don't want to go to Hokkaido. |
| 夏子 (Natsuko) : ハー？(Hā?) |
| NATSUKO: What? |
| ちぐさ (Chigusa) : 北海道は冬がいいです。私は泳ぎたいです！(Hokkaidō wa fuyu ga ii desu. Watashi wa oyogitai desu!) |
| CHIGUSA: Hokkaido is good in the winter. I want to swim. |
| ちぐさ (Chigusa) : 今、北海道では泳ぐことはできません。北海道より沖縄へ行きたいです。(Ima, Hokkaidō de wa oyogu koto wa dekimasen. Hokkaidō yori Okinawa e ikitai desu.) |
| CHIGUSA: Now, you can't swim in Hokkaido. More than Hokkaido, I want to go to Okinawa. |
| 夏子 (Natsuko) : はい、はい、分かりました。(Hai, hai, wakarimashita.) |
| NATSUKO: Yeah, yeah, I got it. |
| 夏子 (Natsuko) : じゃ、沖縄にしましょう。(Ja, Okinawa ni shimashō.) |
| NATSUKO: Okay, let's make it Okinawa. |
| 夏子 (Natsuko) : じゃ、沖縄を三人で予約お願いします。(Ja, Okinawa o san-nin de yoyaku onegai shimasu.) |
| NATSUKO: Okay, reservation for 3 for Okinawa, please. |
| 代理 (dairi) : はい、ありがとうございます！(Hai, arigatō gozaimasu!) |
| AGENT: Okay, thank you very much. |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Peter: Well, well so in the end it was |
| Natsuko: The cheaper one was Hokkaido but they ended up going to Okinawa. |
| Peter: Yep. What happened there? |
| Natsuko: So we were both right. |
| Peter: Natsuko, you are so diplomatic about it. |
| Natsuko: Thank you. I will take that as a compliment. |
| Peter: See I was right but somebody changed the story. You are so diplomatic about it, very nice. All right, so let’s get into today’s vocabulary. |
| VOCAB AND PHRASE USAGE |
| Natsuko: Was there anything new? |
| Peter: Good point. Yes, just one new vocabulary word in there but as we said, a lot to review. So we are going to try something new today and we are going to break it down line by line. So first, let’s get that new word in there. |
| Natsuko: 今日のキーワードは、決まりです (Kyō no kīwādo wa, kimari desu) |
| Peter: To be decided. |
| Natsuko: (slow)きまりです (kimari desu) (natural speed)決まりです (kimari desu) |
| Peter: Now Yoshi-san, what types of situations can we use this in? |
| Yoshi: After all the decisions are made, we use this word, 決まりです (kimari desu). |
| Peter: All right. So for example, we are going to eat, me and Natsuko, not you Yoshi-san. Natsuko could say |
| Natsuko: 決まりです。(Kimari desu.) |
| Yoshi: 待ってください。まだ決まってません。(Matte kudasai. Mada kimatte masen.) |
| Natsuko: Yes. |
| Peter: Now that’s good. All right. The idea is, after everything has been decided, this is the word. This is kind of like the gavel going down in a courtroom. That’s it. |
| Natsuko: Yeah, the deal is done. |
| Peter: The deal is – that’s a nice translation, the deal is done. |
| Natsuko: Yes. |
| Peter: So do your best to get everything you want in there before the 決まり (kimari) goes down. All right, so now we are going to try something new. We are going to go in line by line and break things down. Okay Yoshi-san, first line, please. |
| Yoshi: いらっしゃいませ。(Irasshaimase.) |
| Peter: Again just welcome and you will hear it. You will get so familiar just walking into stores and hearing this for the First Five or so. They are just welcoming you. You don’t have to pay attention, you don’t have to respond. Just feel free, walk through. Now after that was |
| Yoshi: どうぞ (dōzo) |
| Peter: So what would you mean by this? |
| Yoshi: Please this way. |
| Peter: Exactly. So usually when you walk into a store, you are not going to hear |
| Natsuko: いらっしゃいませ、どうぞ。(Irasshaimase, dōzo.) |
| Peter: Together unless they are welcoming you and then followed by showing you a certain way. Most of the time you will just walk into the store and they will just acknowledge you by saying. |
| Natsuko: いらっしゃいませ。(Irasshaimase.) |
| Peter: Okay, next we had |
| Natsuko: 私たちは旅行へ行きたいんですが。(Watashi-tachi wa ryokō e ikitai n desu ga.) |
| Peter: Okay, give us want to go and the last part one more time. |
| Natsuko: 私たちは旅行へ行きたいんですが。(Watashi-tachi wa ryokō e ikitai n desu ga.) |
| Peter: Okay, the word for we |
| Natsuko: 私たち (watashi-tachi) |
| Peter: Is marked by the particle |
| Natsuko: は (wa) |
| Peter: Then we had trip |
| Natsuko: 旅行 (ryokō) |
| Peter: And what was the particle that followed trip |
| Natsuko: へ (e) |
| Peter: Yes. And this is followed by |
| Natsuko: 行きたいんですが (ikitai n desu ga) |
| Peter: Okay, now when expressing one’s desire to do something, in Japanese, there is usually an attachment to it. Just saying you want to do something seems a bit forward. |
| Natsuko: Yes. |
| Peter: So in order to soften it, what do we attach to what we want to do? |
| Natsuko: ですが (desu ga) |
| Peter: Yes. Now remember, when we attach |
| Natsuko: たい (tai) |
| Peter: This now is treated as an i-adjective and the way we make i-adjectives polite is by adding |
| Natsuko: です (desu) |
| Peter: Yes, so adding です (desu) to |
| Natsuko: 行きたい (ikitai) |
| Peter: Makes it polite and then the が (ga) softens it. It’s I want to go but is the literal translation but what it actually does, it softens your request. I think a good way to think about it in English maybe it goes from I want to to I would like to. |
| Natsuko: Yes, exactly. |
| Peter: It just brings it down that soft subtle nuance, it brings it down a bit and makes it much more polite. Now what we just explained to you was ですが (desu ga) but in the actual conversation we had |
| Natsuko: 行きたいんですが (ikitai n desu ga) |
| Peter: Yeah, there is an N in there. What is it doing there? |
| Natsuko: ん (n) is a form of の (no). |
| Peter: Yes. |
| Natsuko: So it was originally 行きたいのですが (ikitai no desu ga) |
| Peter: So this construction |
| Natsuko: んですが (n desu ga) |
| Peter: This construction is found quite often when expressing one’s desire to do something. |
| Natsuko: Yes. |
| Peter: Next line we had. |
| Yoshi: 最近ハワイ旅行は人気がありますが。(Saikin Hawai ryokō wa ninki ga arimasu ga.) |
| Peter: Okay, recently. |
| Yoshi: 最近 (saikin) |
| Peter: This word will pop up in all kinds of conversations. Now what kind of trip is popular? |
| Yoshi: ハワイ旅行 (Hawai ryokō) |
| Peter: And what is the expression we use for popular? |
| Yoshi: 人気 (ninki) |
| Peter: So Natsuko-san, what other places is this type of expression used like what’s popular or recently this is popular? |
| Natsuko: How about a CD Shop? |
| Peter: Yeah. |
| Natsuko: どのアルバムが人気ありますか。(Dono arubamu ga ninki arimasu ka.) |
| Peter: And there is a construction we want to show you one more time. One more time, Natsuko. |
| Natsuko: どのアルバムが人気ありますか。(Dono arubamu ga ninki arimasu ka.) |
| Peter: Yes, here the particles change a bit but the expression is 人気ありますか (ninki arimasu ka), which is popular and meaning what’s in. |
| Natsuko: Yes. |
| Peter: Next, we had |
| Natsuko: 私たちは国内旅行がいいです。(Watashi-tachi wa kokunai ryokō ga ii desu.) |
| Peter: For us a domestic trip is good. Now is this phrase がいいです (ga ii desu). |
| Natsuko: Yes. |
| Peter: By saying this, the literal translation, it’s good but the nuance in there, it’s good for us. It’s what we’d like to do because… |
| Natsuko: Yes. |
| Peter: Previously it was established that they wanted to go somewhere. And this place is good for them. |
| Natsuko: Yes, so instead of other things, I want this or we want this one. |
| Peter: We use this expression. |
| Natsuko: Yes, がいいです (ga ii desu). |
| Peter: For example, if you ask Yoshi-san what he wants to eat, maybe he will respond by saying |
| Natsuko: ヨシさん、何が食べたいですか。(Yoshi-san, nani ga tabetai desu ka.) |
| Yoshi: 私はお寿司がいいです。(Watashi wa o-sushi ga ii desu.) |
| Peter: So Yoshi, what do you want to eat and his answer, one more time? |
| Yoshi: 私はお寿司がいいです。(Watashi wa o-sushi ga ii desu.) |
| Peter: Sushi is good and not in the literal sense meaning sushi is good for me. It’s a good fit today. Sushi is what I want to eat is relayed in his message. It’s inside of that がいいです (ga ii desu). |
| Natsuko: 沖縄と北海道、どちらが安いですか。(Okinawa to Hokkaidō, dochira ga yasui desu ka.) |
| Peter: Comparative sentence and this time the particle は (wa) is left out. |
| Natsuko: Yes. |
| Peter: Now what you notice about this sentence is there are particles missing. |
| Natsuko: Yes. |
| Peter: What’s the correct Japanese here, Natsuko-san? |
| Natsuko: I think 沖縄と北海道とでは、どちらが安いですか。(Okinawa to Hokkaidō to de wa, dochira ga yasui desu ka.) |
| Peter: Yes, but you will find in Japanese, many things are left out. So just having the two choices with a と (to) in the middle is understandable and not only understandable, acceptable. |
| Natsuko: Yes. |
| Peter: Okay, what do we have next? |
| Yoshi: そうですね。(Sō desu ne.) |
| Peter: Again in this case, it’s being used as a filler to buy time. So the person is thinking, hmm and instead of just saying hmm or making a noise, they put in |
| Yoshi: そうですね。(Sō desu ne.) |
| Peter: As a filler. |
| Natsuko: It’s like let me see. |
| Peter: Exactly. |
| Yoshi: 現在北海道は沖縄より安いです。(Genzai Hokkaidō wa Okinawa yori yasui desu.) |
| Peter: And this is a comparative structure we had a few weeks ago. Now Hokkaido is cheaper than Okinawa. |
| Natsuko: じゃあ、決まりですね。(Jā, kimari desu ne.) |
| Peter: And here it is. So they had agreed yesterday to the principle that whichever is cheaper is the place they will go, so it’s been decided. |
| Yoshi: 北海道。やっぱり北海道へ行きたくないです。(Hokkaidō. Yappari Hokkaidō e ikitakunai desu.) |
| Peter: So somebody changed their mind. Now here is what we are talking about yesterday. たい (tai) is treated as an i-adjective. So the negative form is |
| Natsuko: 行きたくない (ikitakunai) |
| Peter: Now she doesn’t want to go where? |
| Natsuko: Hokkaido. |
| Peter: Okay, next. |
| Natsuko: ハー？(Hā?) |
| Peter: Just a sound of surprise. Then we had |
| Yoshi: 北海道は冬がいいです。(Hokkaidō wa fuyu ga ii desu.) |
| Peter: Hokkaido is good in the winter. |
| Yoshi: 私は泳ぎたいです。(Watashi wa oyogitai desu.) |
| Peter: I want to swim. Again, masu-stem plus たい (tai). |
| Yoshi: 今北海道では泳ぐことができません。(Ima Hokkaidō de wa oyogu koto ga dekimasen.) |
| Peter: Now you can’t swim in Hokkaido and the structure we had here, when do we have this? |
| Natsuko: We did this last week. |
| Peter: Yes, remember the structure ことができる (koto ga dekiru) and here we have the polite negative of できる (dekiru). So, I can't do it. |
| Yoshi: 北海道より沖縄へ行きたいです。(Hokkaidō yori Okinawa e ikitai desu.) |
| Peter: Now here is an important structure. More than Hokkaido, I want to go to Okinawa. We can take the より (yori), which we introduced in comparatives and we can actually use it in stating what you’d like to do more. |
| Natsuko: Yes. |
| Peter: Now again, since we’d love to talk about what we want to do so much, this is really, really going to come useful. |
| Yoshi: ピーターさんより、ナツコさんと一緒に食べたいです。(Pītā-san yori, Natsuko-san to issho ni tabetai desu.) |
| Natsuko: 私は一人で食べたいです。(Watashi wa hitori de tabetai desu.) |
| Yoshi: ええー。お願いします。(Eē. Onegai shimasu.) |
| Peter: Oh that’s good. お願いします。(Onegai shimasu.) |
| Natsuko: はいはい、わかりました。(Hai hai, wakarimashita.) |
| Peter: Yeah, I understand. |
| Natsuko: じゃあ沖縄にしましょう。(Jā Okinawa ni shimashō.) |
| Peter: Okay, here is something else very useful. We can take the noun, add the particle |
| Natsuko: に (ni) |
| Peter: And the verb |
| Natsuko: する (suru) |
| Peter: Let’s make it that. |
| Natsuko: Yes. |
| Peter: Let’s make it Okinawa. Now this is particularly useful when you are going to a restaurant. |
| Natsuko: Again. |
| Peter: A friend may ask you |
| Natsuko: 何にする？(Nani ni suru?) |
| Peter: One more time, slowly. |
| Natsuko: 何にする？(Nani ni suru?) |
| Peter: なに (nani), に (ni) the particle again にする (ni suru). |
| Natsuko: する (suru) |
| Peter: And meaning what will you get. Now it seems logical that the particle を (o) will be used. |
| Natsuko: Ah but not in this case. |
| Peter: Yes, but not in this case. Okay, next. |
| Natsuko: じゃあ、沖縄を3人予約お願いします。(Jā, Okinawa o san-nin yoyaku onegai shimasu.) |
| Peter: Okay. Something to notice about this sentence. Where did the three people come? They come after the particle |
| Natsuko: を (o) |
| Peter: So this time Okinawa gets the particle を (o) and the request for reservation and finally we have |
| Yoshi: はい、ありがとうございます。(Hai, arigatō gozaimasu.) |
Outro |
|---|
| Peter: And just thank you. All right, so that’s going to do for today. |
| Natsuko: また明日ね。(Mata ashita ne.) |
| Yoshi: またね。(Mata ne.) |
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