Learn about the past polite negative of verb
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Peter: Okay, without further adieu, let’s get in today's lesson, here we go. |
| Natsuko: おはよう、カイロ。ナツコです。(Ohayō, Kairo. Natsuko desu.) |
| Take: おはよう、カイロ。タケです。(Ohayō, Kairo. Take desu.) |
| Miki: おはよう、カイロ。ミキです。(Ohayō, Kairo. Miki desu.) |
| Peter: Peter here. Beginner lesson #65. |
| Peter: Natsuko, why don’t we do some greetings? |
| Natsuko: Oh yes. |
| Peter: ナツコさん、今日元気ですか。(Natsuko-san, kyō genki desu ka.) |
| Natsuko: とっても元気ですよ。タケさんは？(Tottemo genki desu yo. Take-san wa?) |
| Take: はい、もちろん元気ですよ。ミキちゃんは？(Hai, mochiron genki desu yo. Miki-chan wa?) |
| Miki: はい、少し風邪気味です。ピーターは？(Hai, sukoshi kazegimi desu. Pītā wa?) |
| Peter: 相変わらず絶好調です。(Aikawarazu zekkōchō desu.) Everything is going great. The new site is up. Four people in the studio. It’s going to be another great lesson. Okay, little long with the opening but we are going to get right into today’s lesson. Okay, here we go. |
| DIALOGUE |
| 二人の女性 (futari no josei) : ただいま！(Tadaima!) |
| たけ (Take) : お帰り。イタリア旅行はどうでしたか。(Okaeri. Itaria ryokō wa dō deshita ka.) |
| 夏子 (Natsuko) : 最高でした。(Saikō deshita.) |
| たけ (Take) : どこへ行きましたか。(Doko e ikimashita ka.) |
| みき (Miki) : ローマへ行きました。(Rōma e ikimashita.) |
| たけ (Take) : コロッセオはどうでしたか。(Korosseo wa dō deshita ka.) |
| 夏子 (Natsuko) : コロッセオには行きませんでした。(Korosseo ni wa ikimasen deshita.) |
| たけ (Take) : バチカンには行きましたか。(Bachikan ni wa ikimashita ka.) |
| みき (Miki) : いいえ、行きませんでした。(Iie, ikimasen deshita.) |
| たけ (Take) : パンテオンは見ましたか。(Panteon wa mimashita ka.) |
| 夏子 (Natsuko) : いいえ、見ませんでした。(Iie, mimasen deshita.) |
| たけ (Take) : ええ？じゃあ、ローマには何がありましたか。(Ee? Jā, Rōma ni wa nani ga arimashita ka.) |
| 夏子 (Natsuko) : グッチでしょう。(Gutchi deshō.) |
| みき (Miki) : プラダでしょう。(Purada deshō.) |
| 夏子 (Natsuko) : フェラガモでしょう。(Feragamo deshō.) |
| たけ (Take) : 買い物ですか。 他には？(Kaimono desu ka. Hoka ni wa?) |
| 二人の女性 (futari no josei) : 素敵な出会いです。(Suteki na deai desu.) |
| たけ (Take) : 結局男探しですか。(Kekkyoku otoko sagashi desu ka.) |
| Peter: One more time, please. Slowly please. |
| Natsuko: もう一度お願いします。ゆっくりお願いします。(Mō ichi-do onegai shimasu. Yukkuri onegai shimasu.) |
| 二人の女性 (futari no josei) : ただいま！(Tadaima!) |
| たけ (Take) : お帰り。イタリア旅行はどうでしたか。(Okaeri. Itaria ryokō wa dō deshita ka.) |
| 夏子 (Natsuko) : 最高でした。(Saikō deshita.) |
| たけ (Take) : どこへ行きましたか。(Doko e ikimashita ka.) |
| みき (Miki) : ローマへ行きました。(Rōma e ikimashita.) |
| たけ (Take) : コロッセオはどうでしたか。(Korosseo wa dō deshita ka.) |
| 夏子 (Natsuko) : コロッセオには行きませんでした。(Korosseo ni wa ikimasen deshita.) |
| たけ (Take) : バチカンには行きましたか。(Bachikan ni wa ikimashita ka.) |
| みき (Miki) : いいえ、行きませんでした。(Iie, ikimasen deshita.) |
| たけ (Take) : パンテオンは見ましたか。(Panteon wa mimashita ka.) |
| 夏子 (Natsuko) : いいえ、見ませんでした。(Iie, mimasen deshita.) |
| たけ (Take) : ええ？じゃあ、ローマには何がありましたか。(Ee? Jā, Rōma ni wa nani ga arimashita ka.) |
| 夏子 (Natsuko) : グッチでしょう。(Gutchi deshō.) |
| みき (Miki) : プラダでしょう。(Purada deshō.) |
| 夏子 (Natsuko) : フェラガモでしょう。(Feragamo deshō.) |
| たけ (Take) : 買い物ですか。 他には？(Kaimono desu ka. Hoka ni wa?) |
| 二人の女性 (futari no josei) : 素敵な出会いです。(Suteki na deai desu.) |
| たけ (Take) : 結局男探しですか。(Kekkyoku otoko sagashi desu ka.) |
| Peter: Okay, you know the drill. This time Miki, Take and Natsuko will give you the Japanese and I will give you the English. Okay, here we go. |
| 二人の女性 (futari no josei) : ただいま！(Tadaima!) |
| THE TWO GIRLS: We are back! |
| たけ (Take) : お帰り。(Okaeri.) |
| TAKE: Welcome back. |
| たけ (Take) : イタリア旅行はどうでしたか。(Itaria ryokō wa dō deshita ka.) |
| TAKE: How was your trip to Italy? |
| 夏子 (Natsuko) : 最高でした。(Saikō deshita.) |
| NATSUKO: It was the best! |
| たけ (Take) : どこへ行きましたか。(Doko e ikimashita ka.) |
| TAKE: Where did you go? |
| みき (Miki) : ローマへ行きました。(Rōma e ikimashita.) |
| MIKI: We went to Rome. |
| たけ (Take) : コロッセオはどうでしたか。(Korosseo wa dō deshita ka.) |
| TAKE: How was the Colosseum? |
| 夏子 (Natsuko) : コロッセオには行きませんでした。(Korosseo ni wa ikimasen deshita.) |
| NATSUKO: We didn't go to the Colosseum. |
| たけ (Take) : バチカンには行きましたか。(Bachikan ni wa ikimashita ka.) |
| TAKE: Did you go to the Vatican? |
| みき (Miki) : いいえ、行きませんでした。(Iie, ikimasen deshita.) |
| MIKI: No, we didn't go. |
| たけ (Take) : パンテオンは見ましたか。(Panteon wa mimashita ka.) |
| TAKE: Did you see the Pantheon? |
| 夏子 (Natsuko) : いいえ、見ませんでした。(Iie, mimasen deshita.) |
| NATSUKO: No, we didn't see it. |
| たけ (Take) : ええ？じゃあ、ローマには何がありましたか。(Ee? Jā, Rōma ni wa nani ga arimashita ka.) |
| TAKE: Huh? Then what was there in Rome? |
| 夏子 (Natsuko) : グッチでしょう。(Gutchi deshō.) |
| NATSUKO: Gucchi, right? |
| みき (Miki) : プラダでしょう。(Purada deshō.) |
| MIKI: Prada, right? |
| 夏子 (Natsuko) : フェラガモでしょう。(Feragamo deshō.) |
| NATSUKO: Ferragamo, right? |
| たけ (Take) : 買い物ですか。(Kaimono desu ka.) |
| TAKE: Shopping... |
| たけ (Take) : 他には？ (Hoka ni wa?) |
| TAKE: Anything else? |
| 二人の女性 (futari no josei) : 素敵な出会いです。(Suteki na deai desu.) |
| THE TWO GIRLS: A romantic encounter. |
| たけ (Take) : 結局男探しですか。(Kekkyoku otoko sagashi desu ka.) |
| TAKE: So in the end, you went there for guys? |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Peter: Natsuko, what do you have to say for yourself? |
| Natsuko: It’s not like me. |
| Peter: Miki, did you have fun? |
| Miki: Yes. |
| Peter: Natsuko? |
| Natsuko: Umm… I wanted to go to the Vatican. I wanted to see the Colosseum, ah… |
| Peter: Next time. |
| Natsuko: Please. |
| Peter: Take, what do you think? |
| Take: でもローマに行ったらやっぱりワイン飲まないと始まらないですよね。(Demo Rōma ni ittara yappari wain nomanai to hajimaranai desu yo ne.) |
| Peter: Natsuko, what did he just say? |
| Natsuko: But if you go to Rome, you can’t live there without drinking wine. |
| Peter: Have you ever been to Rome, Natsuko? |
| Natsuko: Yes once, but once was not enough. |
| Peter: I know what you are talking about. Take, have you been to Rome? |
| Take: Yes. |
| Peter: Miki, have you been there? |
| Miki: Yes, I have. |
| Peter: How was it? |
| Miki: ローマに住みたい。(Rōma ni sumitai.) |
| Peter: Wow! |
| Natsuko: Hmm.. |
| Peter: Natsuko, what did she say? |
| Natsuko: I want to live in Rome. |
| Peter: Would be nice. |
| Natsuko: I agree. |
| VOCAB AND PHRASE USAGE |
| Peter: Okay, but before that, we have a lot of vocab. So we are going to do that. |
| Natsuko: Oh, back to reality. |
| Peter: Okay Natsuko, first expression. |
| Natsuko: ただいま (tadaima) |
| Peter: Just now. |
| Natsuko: (slow)ただいま (tadaima) (natural speed)ただいま (tadaima) |
| Peter: But this expression also means what, Natsuko? |
| Natsuko: I am back. |
| Peter: Yes, and in many cases, you return to your home. So it means |
| Natsuko: I am home. |
| Peter: Now Natsuko, where does this expression come from? |
| Natsuko: ただ今帰りました。(Tadaima kaerimashita.) |
| Peter: Which means I have just returned. |
| Natsuko: Yes, so originally this expression was used but we no longer say the entire sentence. We just say ただいま (tadaima). |
| Peter: So when you hear this casually on its own, it means I am back but this expression |
| Natsuko: ただいま (tadaima) |
| Peter: Is actually two words and it’s also used in other sentences. So when it’s used in combination with other words, it doesn’t have the meaning of I am back. What does it mean, Natsuko? |
| Natsuko: Just now. |
| Peter: Can you give us an example of how this is used in a different way? |
| Natsuko: ただ今お持ちします。(Tadaima o-mochi shimasu.) |
| Peter: I will bring this to you right now. |
| Natsuko: Yes, a rather formal kind of expression. |
| Peter: Yeah, but when you hear this casually on its own, it means |
| Natsuko: I am home or I am back. |
| Peter: If you come back home you could say |
| Natsuko: ただいま。(Tadaima.) |
| Peter: Or if you come back to Japan or you come back from a trip, you call your friend. It’s the first phone call, you say |
| Natsuko: ただいま (tadaima) |
| Peter: And what will they say to you? |
| Take: お帰り (okaeri) |
| Peter: Which means? |
| Natsuko: Welcome back. |
| Peter: So this exchange is kind of set. |
| Natsuko: Yes. |
| Peter: Natsuko, Take, please give us the sample. |
| Natsuko: ただいま。(Tadaima.) |
| Take: お帰り。(Okaeri.) |
| Peter: Natsuko, can you break down お帰り (okaeri)？ |
| Natsuko: (slow)おかえり (okaeri) (natural speed)お帰り (okaeri) |
| Peter: Okay, what’s next? |
| Natsuko: 次は、旅行 (Tsugi wa, ryokō) |
| Peter: Trip, travel. |
| Natsuko: (slow)りょこう (ryokō) (natural speed)旅行 (ryokō) |
| Peter: In the dialogue, what did we have, Natsuko? |
| Natsuko: イタリア旅行 (Itaria ryokō) |
| Peter: Trip to Italy. Now Natsuko, how did we form this construction? |
| Natsuko: We took the name of the place and added 旅行 (ryokō) |
| Peter: Okay, so trip to Italy is |
| Natsuko: イタリア旅行 (Itaria ryokō) |
| Peter: Now Natsuko, what’s the word in Japanese for Europe? |
| Natsuko: ヨーロッパ (Yōroppa) |
| Peter: So how do we say European trip or trip to Europe? |
| Natsuko: ヨーロッパ旅行 (Yōroppa ryokō) |
| Peter: Yep, take the word for Europe, which is |
| Natsuko: ヨーロッパ (Yōroppa) |
| Peter: Add it to |
| Natsuko: 旅行 (ryokō) |
| Peter: We get |
| Natsuko: ヨーロッパ旅行 (Yōroppa ryokō) |
| Peter: Okay, how about a trip to America? |
| Natsuko: アメリカ旅行 (Amerika ryokō) |
| Peter: Trip to India. |
| Natsuko: インド旅行 (Indo ryokō) |
| Peter: Miki, where do you want to go? |
| Miki: Turkey. |
| Peter: How do we say trip to Turkey? |
| Miki: トルコ旅行 (Toruko ryokō) |
| Peter: Okay Take, where do you want to go? |
| Take: Hokkaido. |
| Peter: How do we say trip to Hokkaido? |
| Take: 北海道旅行 (Hokkaidō ryokō) |
| Peter: Natsuko, where do you want to go? |
| Natsuko: 宇宙 (uchū) |
| Peter: Which is |
| Natsuko: Space. |
| Peter: And how do we say trip to space? |
| Natsuko: 宇宙旅行 (uchū ryokō) |
| Peter: All right. Well actually they are pretty cheap now. It used to be impossible but now for a couple of million dollars, you can do it. |
| Natsuko: Oh thank you, Peter. You are paying for us? |
| Peter: Yeah, well no, you work it off. One hour and I give you a dollar an hour for recording. So you will be there in no time. You just hit a million hours. |
| Natsuko: Thank you, Peter. |
| Peter: Okay Natsuko, what do we have next? |
| Natsuko: コロッセオ (Korosseo) |
| Peter: Colosseum. |
| Natsuko: (slow)ころっせお (Korosseo) (natural speed)コロッセオ (Korosseo) |
| Peter: Then we had |
| Natsuko: パンテオン (Panteon) |
| Peter: Pantheon. |
| Natsuko: (slow)ぱんておん (Panteon) (natural speed)パンテオン (Panteon) |
| Peter: Next. |
| Natsuko: バチカン (Bachikan) |
| Peter: Vatican. |
| Natsuko: (slow)ばちかん (Bachikan) (natural speed)バチカン (Bachikan) |
| Peter: Okay Natsuko, and what were the brands? |
| Natsuko: グッチ (Gutchi) |
| Peter: We had that. |
| Natsuko: プラダ (Purada) |
| Peter: We had that. |
| Natsuko: フェラガモ (Feragamo) |
| Peter: Okay, break this one down. |
| Natsuko: (slow)ふぇらがも (Feragamo) (natural speed)フェラガモ (Feragamo) 次は、出会い (Tsugi wa, deai) |
| Peter: Encounter, meeting, chance meeting. |
| Natsuko: (slow)であい (deai) (natural speed)出会い (deai) |
| Peter: And what did you say in the dialogue? |
| Natsuko: 素敵な出会い (suteki na deai) |
| Peter: Romantic encounter or a wonderful encounter. |
| Natsuko: 次は、結局 (Tsugi wa, kekkyoku) |
| Peter: In the end. |
| Natsuko: (slow)けっきょく (kekkyoku) (natural speed)結局 (kekkyoku) |
| Peter: 結局時間がないです。(Kekkyoku jikan ga nai desu.) |
| Natsuko: あ、そうですね。結局時間がありません。(A, sō desu ne. Kekkyoku jikan ga arimasen.) |
| Peter: Yes. Okay, so what we are going to do is get on to today’s point. |
Lesson focus |
|---|
| Peter: Today’s point is the polite past negative. Now to form the polite past negative, we use as we said the polite negative form. So what’s the polite negative form of 食べる (taberu)? |
| Natsuko: 食べません (tabemasen) |
| Peter: I won’t eat. To create the past tense, we add the past tense of the copula. Now what is the copula? |
| Natsuko: です (desu) |
| Peter: What does this end in? |
| Natsuko: す (su) |
| Peter: So again to get the past, all we do is we drop the |
| Natsuko: す (su) |
| Peter: And we add |
| Natsuko: した (shita) |
| Peter: Or if you’d like to think about it this way, the す (su) becomes |
| Natsuko: した (shita) |
| Peter: So です (desu) becomes |
| Natsuko: でした (deshita) |
| Peter: Okay, now to form the polite past negative, we add |
| Natsuko: でした (deshita) |
| Peter: To the polite negative. So Natsuko, one more time. What’s the negative polite form of the verb to eat? |
| Natsuko: 食べません (tabemasen) |
| Peter: Now how do we make this into the past form? |
| Natsuko: 食べませんでした (tabemasen deshita) |
| Peter: Okay, that’s it. Just take the polite negative form and add |
| Natsuko: でした (deshita) |
| Peter: In the conversation we had |
| Natsuko: コロッセオはどうでしたか。(Korosseo wa dō deshita ka.) |
| Peter: How was the Colosseum? |
| Natsuko: コロッセオはいきませんでした。(Korosseo wa ikimasen deshita.) |
| Peter: I didn’t go to the Colosseum. Now Natsuko, what if I did go to the Colosseum? |
| Natsuko: コロッセオに行きました。(Korosseo ni ikimashita.) |
| Peter: I went is |
| Natsuko: 行きました (ikimashita) |
| Peter: I didn’t go is |
| Natsuko: 行きませんでした (ikimasen deshita) |
| Peter: What else do we have? |
| Natsuko: バチカンには行きましたか。(Bachikan ni wa ikimashita ka.) |
| Peter: Did you go to the Vatican? |
| Natsuko: いいえ、行きませんでした。(Iie, ikimasen deshita.) |
| Peter: No, I didn’t go. Natsuko, now what if I did go? How would I say I went? |
| Natsuko: はい、行きました。(Hai, ikimashita.) |
| Peter: Next example we had in the dialogue. |
| Natsuko: パンテオンは見ましたか。(Panteon wa mimashita ka.) |
| Peter: Did you see the pantheon? |
| Natsuko: いいえ、見ませんでした。(Iie, mimasen deshita.) |
| Peter: No I didn’t see it. Now how do we say, I saw it? |
| Natsuko: はい、見ました。(Hai, mimashita.) |
| Peter: Okay, so again simply take the polite negative form of the verb. In this case |
| Natsuko: 行きません (ikimasen) |
| Peter: And |
| Natsuko: 見ません (mimasen) |
| Peter: And just add |
| Natsuko: でした (deshita) |
| Peter: Now the past conjugation in Japanese is very, very easy. |
| Natsuko: Yes. |
| Peter: It’s just a pattern. |
| Natsuko: Yes, compared to English. |
| Peter: Yeah. |
| Natsuko: It’s so easy. |
Outro |
| Peter: Okay, so that’s going to do for today. |
| Peter: All right everybody, see you tomorrow. |
| Natsuko: また明日ね。(Mata ashita ne.) |
| Take: また明日。(Mata ashita.) |
| Miki: また明日。(Mata ashita.) |
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