Learn about the past polite tense of verbs
Now Playing: Lesson Audio
Get a breakdown of the dialogue and translations instantly with the Premium line-by-line Audio. Sign up for your Free Lifetime Account Now and get 7 Days of Premium Access including this feature.
Get this lesson’s key vocab, their translations and pronunciations. Sign up for your Free Lifetime Account Now and get 7 Days of Premium Access including this feature.
Unlock Lesson Notes and Transcripts for every single lesson. Sign Up for a Free Lifetime Account and Get 7 Days of Premium Access.
| Peter: Okay, without further adieu, let’s get in today's lesson. Here we go. |
| Natsuko: おはよう、ソウル。ナツコです。(Ohayō, Sōru. Natsuko desu.) |
| Take: おはよう、ソウル。タケです。(Ohayō, Sōru. Take desu.) |
| Miki: おはよう、ソウル。ミキです。(Ohayō, Sōru. Miki desu.) |
| Peter: Peter here. Beginner lesson #64. As always, we are brought to you by Erklaren, the translation and interpretation specialists. Okay, today another crowded studio. Right, Natsuko? |
| Natsuko: Yes, it is. We have to introduce a new face. |
| Peter: All right. Who is the new face? |
| Natsuko: It’s Miki. |
| Peter: ミキ、よろしくお願いします。(Miki, yoroshiku onegai shimasu.) |
| Natsuko: よろしくお願いします。(Yoroshiku onegai shimasu.) |
| Miki: よろしくお願いします。(Yoroshiku onegai shimasu.) |
| Peter: タケ？(Take?) |
| Take: また出遅れました。(Mata deokuremashita.) |
| Peter: Yes. |
| Natsuko: As always. |
| Miki: 初めまして、ミキです。趣味は旅行と料理です。よろしくお願いします。(Hajimemashite, Miki desu. Shumi wa ryokō to ryōri desu. Yoroshiku onegai shimasu.) My name is Miki. My hobby is travel and cooking. |
| Peter: Wow, nice hobbies. Okay, now let’s get into today’s lesson. Here we go. |
| DIALOGUE |
| おじいさん (o-jii-san) : あのコンサートは最高でした。(Ano konsāto wa saikō deshita.) |
| おばあさん (o-bā-san) : そうですね。あ！後もう少しで家に着きます。(Sō desu ne. A! Ato mō sukoshi de ie ni tsukimasu.) |
| 静かに窓から入りましょう。(Shizuka ni mado kara hairimashō.) |
| 孫 (mago) : 何の音かしら。ああ、また遅れましたよ。(Nan no oto kashira. Ā, mata okuremashita yo.) |
| おばあさん (o-bā-san) : やや、ばれましたよ、おじいさん。(Yaya, baremashita yo, o-jii-san.) |
| 孫 (mago) : おじいさん、顔が真っ白。(O-jii-san, kao ga masshiro.) |
| やっぱりキッスのコンサートに行きましたね。(Yappari Kissu no konsāto ni ikimashita ne.) |
| おじいさん (o-jii-san) : やややや、それもばれましたよ、おばあさん。(Yayayaya, sore mo baremashita yo, o-bā-san.) |
| おばあさん (o-bā-san) : 私達はちゃんと電話しましたよ。(Watashi-tachi wa chanto denwa shimashita yo.) |
| 孫 (mago) : 本当ですか。(Hontō desu ka.) |
| おじいさんとおばあさん (o-jii-san to o-bā-san) : ６時に/７時に電話しましたよ。(Roku-ji/shichi-ji ni denwa shimashita yo.) |
| 孫 (mago) : やっぱり！おじいさん、おばあさん、門限は何時ですか。(Yappari! O-jii-san, o-bā-san, mongen wa nan-ji desu ka.) |
| おじいさん (o-jii-san) : はいはい、十時です。(Hai hai, jū-ji desu.) |
| 孫 (mago) : これからは門限を守りましょう。(Kore kara wa mongen o mamorimashō.) |
| おじいさんとおばあさん (o-jii-san to o-bā-san) : 分かりました。(Wakarimashita.) |
| Peter: One more time, please. Slowly please. |
| Natsuko: もう一度お願いします。ゆっくりお願いします。(Mō ichi-do onegai shimasu. Yukkuri onegai shimasu.) |
| おじいさん (o-jii-san) : あのコンサートは最高でした。(Ano konsāto wa saikō deshita.) |
| おばあさん (o-bā-san) : そうですね。あ！後もう少しで家に着きます。(Sō desu ne. A! Ato mō sukoshi de ie ni tsukimasu.) |
| 静かに窓から入りましょう。(Shizuka ni mado kara hairimashō.) |
| 孫 (mago) : 何の音かしら。ああ、また遅れましたよ。(Nan no oto kashira. Ā, mata okuremashita yo.) |
| おばあさん (o-bā-san) : やや、ばれましたよ、おじいさん。(Yaya, baremashita yo, o-jii-san.) |
| 孫 (mago) : おじいさん、顔が真っ白。(O-jii-san, kao ga masshiro.) |
| やっぱりキッスのコンサートに行きましたね。(Yappari Kissu no konsāto ni ikimashita ne.) |
| おじいさん (o-jii-san) : やややや、それもばれましたよ、おばあさん。(Yayayaya, sore mo baremashita yo, o-bā-san.) |
| おばあさん (o-bā-san) : 私達はちゃんと電話しましたよ。(Watashi-tachi wa chanto denwa shimashita yo.) |
| 孫 (mago) : 本当ですか。(Hontō desu ka.) |
| おじいさんとおばあさん (o-jii-san to o-bā-san) : ６時に/７時に電話しましたよ。(Roku-ji/shichi-ji ni denwa shimashita yo.) |
| 孫 (mago) : やっぱり！おじいさん、おばあさん、門限は何時ですか。(Yappari! O-jii-san, o-bā-san, mongen wa nan-ji desu ka.) |
| おじいさん (o-jii-san) : はいはい、十時です。(Hai hai, jū-ji desu.) |
| 孫 (mago) : これからは門限を守りましょう。(Kore kara wa mongen o mamorimashō.) |
| おじいさんとおばあさん (o-jii-san to o-bā-san) : 分かりました。(Wakarimashita.) |
| Peter: Okay, you know the drill. One more time, Miki, Natsuko, Take. Wow Natsuko, it’s really something at all! |
| Natsuko: Yes. |
| Peter: We will give you the Japanese and I will give you the English. Here we go. |
| おじいさん (o-jii-san) : あのコンサートは最高でした。(Ano konsāto wa saikō deshita.) |
| GRANDPA: That concert was the best. |
| おばあさん (o-bā-san) : そうですね。(Sō desu ne.) |
| GRANDMA: That's right. |
| おばあさん (o-bā-san) : あ！後もう少しで家に着きます。(A! Ato mō sukoshi de ie ni tsukimasu.) |
| GRANDMA: Ah, we'll be home in a minute. |
| おばあさん (o-bā-san) : 静かに窓から入りましょう。(Shizuka ni mado kara hairimashō.) |
| GRANDMA: Let's go in through the window quietly. |
| 孫 (mago) : 何の音かしら。(Nan no oto kashira.) |
| GRANDCHILD: What's that noise? |
| 孫 (mago) : ああ、また遅れましたよ。(Ā, mata okuremashita yo.) |
| GRANDCHILD: Ah, you're late again. |
| おばあさん (o-bā-san) : やや、ばれましたよ、おじいさん。(Yaya, baremashita yo, o-jii-san.) |
| GRANDMA: Yaa, we've been caught, grandpa. |
| 孫 (mago) : おじいさん、顔が真っ白。(O-jii-san, kao ga masshiro.) |
| GRANDCHILD: Grandpa, your face is painted white. |
| 孫 (mago) : やっぱりキッスのコンサートに行きましたね。(Yappari Kissu no konsāto ni ikimashita ne.) |
| GRANDCHILD: Just as expected, you went to the Kiss concert! |
| おじいさん (o-jii-san) : やややや、それもばれましたよ、おばあさん。(Yayayaya, sore mo baremashita yo, o-bā-san.) |
| GRANDPA: Ahh, grandma, she caught that, too. |
| おばあさん (o-bā-san) : 私達はちゃんと電話しましたよ。(Watashi-tachi wa chanto denwa shimashita yo.) |
| GRANDMA: We called as we were supposed to. |
| 孫 (mago) : 本当ですか。(Hontō desu ka.) |
| GRANDCHILD: Really? |
| おじいさんとおばあさん (o-jii-san to o-bā-san) : ６時に/７時に電話しましたよ。(Roku-ji/shichi-ji ni denwa shimashita yo.) |
| GRANDMA: We called at 6. GRANDPA: We called at 7. |
| 孫 (mago) : やっぱり！おじいさん、おばあさん、門限は何時ですか。(Yappari! O-jii-san, o-bā-san, mongen wa nan-ji desu ka.) |
| GRANDCHILD: Grandpa, grandma, what time is your curfew? |
| おじいさん (o-jii-san) : はいはい、十時です。(Hai hai, jū-ji desu.) |
| GRANDPA: Yeah yeah, 10 o'clock. |
| 孫 (mago) : これからは門限を守りましょう。(Kore kara wa mongen o mamorimashō.) |
| GRANDCHILD: From now on, let's keep curfew. |
| おじいさんとおばあさん (o-jii-san to o-bā-san) : 分かりました。(Wakarimashita.) |
| GRANDMA: I understand. |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Peter: Oh boy! |
| Natsuko: I wonder, did you all notice that it was Take and Natsuko? |
| Peter: You were acting? I thought that was your regular voice and now you are acting. |
| Natsuko: Thank you, Peter. |
| Peter: So Natsuko, what did you think? |
| Natsuko: It was great. |
| Peter: Miki, what did you think? |
| Miki: It was great. |
| Peter: And Take, what do you think? |
| Take: 大変でした。(Taihen deshita.) |
| Natsuko: 私もそう思います。(Watashi mo sō omoimasu.) |
| Peter: What do you mean, Take? |
| Take: いや、僕本当は若いんで、こういう声を出すのってとっても大変なんですよ。(Iya, boku hontō wa wakai n de, kō iu koe o dasu no tte tottemo taihen nan desu yo.) |
| Natsuko: 私もです。(Watashi mo desu.) |
| Peter: Miki, what do you think? |
| Miki: 本物のおじいさんとおばあさんかと思いました。(Honmono no o-jii-san to o-bā-san ka to omoimashita.) |
| Peter: Yes, really amazing acting skills there. Okay, the conversation was long. So what we are going to do now is get into some vocabulary. Natsuko, first word, please. |
| VOCAB AND PHRASE USAGE |
| Natsuko: ばれる (bareru) |
| Peter: To be discovered, to be caught, to be outed. We don’t like this word. Right, Natsuko? |
| Natsuko: No… |
| Peter: Break it down. |
| Natsuko: (slow)ばれる (bareru) (natural speed)ばれる (bareru) |
| Peter: Take, can you give us an example? |
| Take: 秘密がばれる (himitsu ga bareru) |
| Peter: To find out a secret. The secret comes to light. |
| Natsuko: Yes. |
| Peter: Oh, I don’t like it. |
| Natsuko: Oh really? |
| Peter: Yes. |
| Natsuko: What secret do you have? |
| Peter: Next word, Natsuko. Okay, but wait, wait before we go, let’s just get a few more expressions. So when grandma and grandpa were caught, what did they say, Miki? |
| Miki: ばれました (baremashita) |
| Peter: Okay Natsuko, what does this mean? |
| Natsuko: We were caught. |
| Peter: So Natsuko, when was the last time you were caught? |
| Natsuko: Umm I can’t remember. It’s – oh I can’t remember. |
| Peter: Take, recently have you been caught? Okay Take, we will take your silence as a yes. |
| Natsuko: Yes. |
| Peter: When you were caught, what did you say? |
| Take: ごめんなさい (gomen nasai) |
| Peter: And Miki, have you been caught recently? Again another yes. |
| Miki: Yes. |
| Peter: Okay, and also – ah let’s stick with this a little bit longer. |
| Natsuko: Oh okay, okay, okay. |
| Peter: So Natsuko, if someone you know was doing something and you think they are going to get caught, what can you say to them? |
| Natsuko: ばれるでしょう (bareru deshō) |
| Peter: Which is |
| Natsuko: You’ll get caught. |
| Peter: Yeah, you are going to get caught. Okay, so to be discovered, to be found out, to come to light is |
| Natsuko: ばれる (bareru) |
| Peter: Okay, now Natsuko, to discover someone, to expose someone, to bust someone is |
| Natsuko: ばらす (barasu) |
| Peter: Yes. Break it down. |
| Natsuko: (slow)ばらす (barasu) (natural speed)ばらす (barasu) |
| Peter: Take, can you give us an example? |
| Take: 結末をばらす (ketsumatsu o barasu) |
| Peter: Natsuko, what’s this? |
| Natsuko: To tell the ending. |
| Peter: Don’t do it at all. Take, that’s – where did you come up with that? Yes, ruin the ending oh! You definitely don’t want to do that. |
| Natsuko: Yes. |
| Peter: Okay Natsuko, next. |
| Natsuko: 門限 (mongen) |
| Peter: Curfew. |
| Natsuko: (slow)もんげん (mongen) (natural speed)門限 (mongen) |
| Peter: Okay, now let’s go over some expressions regarding curfew because we know that this is going to be important for many people out there. Maybe we should also cover excuses, too. |
| Natsuko: Oh yes, but we’ve already done that. |
| Peter: Natsuko, you can never have enough excuses. |
| Natsuko: Okay, okay. |
| Peter: You should know. The more the better. |
| Natsuko: Look forward to the future lessons. |
| Peter: Okay, now let’s get into some of these expressions that go with curfew. Natsuko, can you give us one expression? |
| Natsuko: 門限に間に合う (mongen ni ma ni au) |
| Peter: Be in time for your curfew. Okay Take, give us another one. |
| Take: 門限に遅れる (mongen ni okureru) |
| Peter: Be late for your curfew. Miki, |
| Miki: 門限を破る (mongen o yaburu) |
| Peter: To break curfew. |
| Natsuko: 門限を守る (mongen o mamoru) |
| Peter: To keep curfew. Okay Natsuko, let’s ask Take if he has a curfew. |
| Natsuko: Okay. タケさん、門限はありますか。(Take-san, mongen wa arimasu ka.) |
| Take: 門限はありますけれど、守ったことはありません。(Mongen wa arimasu keredo, mamotta koto wa arimasen.) |
| Peter: So Natsuko, can you translate what Take just said? |
| Natsuko: I have a curfew, but I never kept one. |
| Peter: Oh, Take. |
| Natsuko: Naughty boy. |
| Take: ミキちゃん、門限はありますか。(Miki-chan, mongen wa arimasu ka.) |
| Miki: 門限はありません。(Mongen wa arimasen.) |
| Peter: Hah! You should see the look – the smile on – I have never seen you smile like that. |
| Natsuko: It’s a good thing to be free of curfew. |
| Peter: Lucky Miki. Oh, very lucky. |
| Miki: ピーター、門限はありますか。(Pītā, mongen wa arimasu ka.) |
| Peter: Yes. I have to be home by 12 o’ clock. |
| Natsuko: Oh Cinderella. |
| Peter: Thank you, Natsuko. |
Lesson focus |
|---|
| Peter: Okay, now, onto today’s point. Natsuko, what’s today’s point? |
| Natsuko: Past tense. |
| Peter: Yes, and how do we say this in Japanese? |
| Natsuko: 過去形 (kakokei) |
| Peter: Okay. Now forming the polite past tense is so … what, Natsuko? |
| Natsuko: Simple. |
| Peter: Yep. The conjugation doesn’t get any easier. It’s the same for all class verbs 1, 2, 3, all verbs are the same. Natsuko, how do we conjugate? What do we do? |
| Natsuko: You change す (su) to した (shita) |
| Peter: That’s it. Now remember, this is for the polite past as in the masu-form. Let’s take a class 2 verb. Natsuko, pick any class 2 verb. |
| Natsuko: 食べる (taberu) |
| Peter: What’s the polite form? |
| Natsuko: 食べます (tabemasu) |
| Peter: This means to eat. Now let’s make this into the past tense. |
| Natsuko: 食べました (tabemashita) |
| Peter: That’s it. す (su) becomes |
| Natsuko: した (shita) |
| Peter: 食べます (tabemasu) |
| Natsuko: 食べました (tabemashita) |
| Peter: Okay, class 3. What do we have for class 3? |
| Natsuko: する (suru) |
| Peter: How about the polite form? |
| Natsuko: します (shimasu) |
| Peter: Now let’s make it into the past. |
| Natsuko: しました (shimashita) |
| Peter: That’s it and for good measure, class 1 |
| Natsuko: 飲む (nomu) |
| Peter: Polite form is |
| Natsuko: 飲みます (nomimasu) |
| Peter: Okay. |
| Natsuko: 飲みました (nomimashita) |
| Peter: That’s it. す (su) becomes |
| Natsuko: した (shita) |
| Peter: And it’s the same all the way across the board for the polite past. |
| Natsuko: Very simple. |
| Peter: So all of the verbs we’ve introduced up until this point, you can turn them into the polite past just by dropping |
| Natsuko: す (su) |
| Peter: And adding |
| Natsuko: した (shita) |
| Peter: Or if you prefer turning |
| Natsuko: す (su) |
| Peter: Into. |
| Natsuko: した (shita) |
| Peter: Okay. Either one. Huh! We ran long today. |
| Natsuko: Yes. |
| Peter: I like it though. Four people in the studio is fun. |
| Natsuko: Yes, it's really fun. |
Outro |
| Peter: All right. That’s going to do it for today. |
| Natsuko: じゃあ、また明日。(Jā, mata ashita.) |
| Take: また明日。(Mata ashita.) |
| Miki: また明日。(Mata ashita.) |
Easily master this lesson’s grammar points with in-depth explanations and examples. Sign up for your Free Lifetime Account and get 7 Days of Premium Access including this feature.
Get complete breakdowns, review with quizzes and download printable practice sheets! Sign up for your Free Lifetime Account Now and get 7 Days of Premium Access including this feature.
Comments
Hide