Learn about expressing the consequences of a hypothetical situation
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Natsuko: こんにちは、ナツコです。(Kon’nichiwa, Natsuko desu.) |
| Peter: Peter here. Beginner lesson #168. Disaster Drill 1. Natsuko-san, |
| Natsuko: One. |
| Peter: One. There are usually two. |
| Natsuko: Yeah. |
| Peter: Sometimes three and then we take it from there. Let’s start off with disaster drill. How do we say that in Japanese? |
| Natsuko: 避難訓練 (hinan kunren) |
| Peter: Okay, and just break that down. |
| Natsuko: (slow) ひなんくんれん (hinan kunren) (natural speed) 避難訓練 (hinan kunren) |
| 避難 (hinan) means to get away from disaster. |
| Peter: Escape disaster. |
| Natsuko: Yeah. And 訓練 (kunren) means training or drill. |
| Peter: And this is translated as disaster drill. Now this is quite common in Japan because there are lots of disasters. |
| Natsuko: Yes. |
| Peter: Or not lots of disasters but potential for many disasters. Now Natsuko-san, in Japanese, can you give us some of the main threatening disasters in Japan? |
| Natsuko: One should definitely be 地震 (jishin). |
| Peter: Earthquake. |
| Natsuko: And maybe 火事 (kaji). |
| Peter: Fire. Yeah, so many of the buildings are so close together. |
| Natsuko: And mostly they are wooden. |
| Peter: Yeah, TinderBox. Also we have |
| Natsuko: 台風 (taifū) |
| Peter: Typhoon. Just listen to the pronunciation, one more time. |
| Natsuko: 台風 (taifū) |
| Peter: And English typhoon. |
| Natsuko: 津波 (tsunami) |
| Peter: Tsunami and of course that’s the large wave. |
| Natsuko: Yeah. The word Tsunami is almost now a global standard, isn’t it? |
| Peter: Yeah. |
| Natsuko: Because it’s a disaster. |
| Peter: Yeah, and I believe I was reading, like the difference between Tsunami and tidal wave. The tidal wave is a big wall of water. |
| Natsuko: Oh yeah. |
| Peter: Where the tsunami is the long waves. |
| Natsuko: Oh! |
| Peter: Like the water pulls in and out but I probably will be corrected on the blog. Okay, with that said, conversation, today what do we have? Where is the conversation taking place? |
| Natsuko: School. |
| Peter: Okay, so what kind of Japanese do we have? |
| Natsuko: Both informal and formal. |
| Peter: And why is that? |
| Natsuko: Because here it's teacher and student. |
| Peter: So the teacher is speaking informal Japanese and the kids are speaking polite Japanese to the teacher. All right, here we go. |
| DIALOGUE |
| 先生 (sensei) : 今日は、避難訓練がある。(Kyō wa, hinan kunren ga aru.) |
| 生徒達 (seito-tachi) : えーっ。やだー。(Ē. Yadā.) |
| 先生 (sensei) : 緊急の場合に、守らないといけない、大切な言葉は何だったか、わかる人は手を挙げて？(Kinkyū no bāi ni, mamoranai to ikenai, taisetsu na kotoba wa nan datta ka, wakaru hito wa te o agete?) |
| 生徒達 (seito-tachi) : はい！はい！はい！はい！(Hai! Hai! Hai! Hai!) |
| 先生 (sensei) : じゃあ、山田。(Jā, Yamada.) |
| 山田 (Yamada) : えーっと、「オアシス」です。(Ētto, "oashisu" desu.) |
| 先生 (sensei) : 「オアシス」ってどういう意味だ？("Oashisu" tte dō iu imi da?) |
| 山田 (Yamada) : 「おさない」「あわてない」「静かに」「すばやく」の頭の文字をとったものです。(“Osanai” “awatenai” “shizuka ni” “subayaku” no atama no moji o totta mono desu.) |
| 先生 (sensei) : おおー、正解。まさか、山田が正解するとは・・・。(Ō, seikai. Masaka, Yamada ga seikai suru to wa....) |
| Natsuko: もう一度お願いします。ゆっくりお願いします。(Mō ichi-do onegai shimasu. Yukkuri onegai shimasu.) |
| 先生 (sensei) : 今日は、避難訓練がある。(Kyō wa, hinan kunren ga aru.) |
| 生徒達 (seito-tachi) : えーっ。やだー。(Ē. Yadā.) |
| 先生 (sensei) : 緊急の場合に、守らないといけない、大切な言葉は何だったか、わかる人は手を挙げて？(Kinkyū no bāi ni, mamoranai to ikenai, taisetsu na kotoba wa nan datta ka, wakaru hito wa te o agete?) |
| 生徒達 (seito-tachi) : はい！はい！はい！はい！(Hai! Hai! Hai! Hai!) |
| 先生 (sensei) : じゃあ、山田。(Jā, Yamada.) |
| 山田 (Yamada) : えーっと、「オアシス」です。(Ētto, "oashisu" desu.) |
| 先生 (sensei) : 「オアシス」ってどういう意味だ？("Oashisu" tte dō iu imi da?) |
| 山田 (Yamada) : 「おさない」「あわてない」「静かに」「すばやく」の頭の文字をとったものです。(“Osanai” “awatenai” “shizuka ni” “subayaku” no atama no moji o totta mono desu.) |
| 先生 (sensei) : おおー、正解。まさか、山田が正解するとは・・・。(Ō, seikai. Masaka, Yamada ga seikai suru to wa....) |
| Natsuko: 次は、英語が入ります。(Tsugi wa, Eigo ga hairimasu.) |
| 先生 (sensei) : 今日は、避難訓練がある。(Kyō wa, hinan kunren ga aru.) |
| TEACHER: We have a disaster drill today. |
| 生徒達 (seito-tachi) : えーっ。やだー。(Ē. Yadā.) |
| STUDENTS: What? We don't want to. |
| 先生 (sensei) : 緊急の場合に、守らないといけない、大切な言葉は何だったか、わかる人は手を挙げて？(Kinkyū no bāi ni, mamoranai to ikenai, taisetsu na kotoba wa nan datta ka, wakaru hito wa te o agete?) |
| TEACHER: Who remembers the important phrase we have to abide by in case of an mergency? The person who knows, please raise your hand. |
| 生徒達 (seito-tachi) : はい！はい！はい！はい！(Hai! Hai! Hai! Hai!) |
| STUDENTS: Me! Me! Me! Me! |
| 先生 (sensei) : じゃあ、山田。(Jā, Yamada.) |
| TEACHER: Well, how about you, Yamada? |
| 山田 (Yamada) : えーっと、「オアシス」です。(Ētto, "oashisu" desu.) |
| YAMADA: Umm. "Oasis." |
| 先生 (sensei) : 「オアシス」ってどういう意味だ？("Oashisu" tte dō iu imi da?) |
| TEACHER: And what does "Oasis" stand for? |
| 山田 (Yamada) : 「おさない」「あわてない」「静かに」「すばやく」の頭の文字をとったものです。(“Osanai” “awatenai” “shizuka ni” “subayaku” no atama no moji o totta mono desu.) |
| YAMADA: It's the first letters from the (Japanese) words, "Don't push, don't rush, be quiet but nimble." |
| 先生 (sensei) : おおー、正解。まさか、山田が正解するとは・・・。(Ō, seikai. Masaka, Yamada ga seikai suru to wa....) |
| TEACHER: Wow. That's correct. I never expected Yamada to give the right answer! |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Peter: ナツコさん、今日の会話どう思いましたか。(Natsuko-san, kyō no kaiwa dō omoimashita ka.) |
| Natsuko: あー、なんかショック。(Ā, nanka shokku.) |
| Peter: What’s wrong? What are you shocked about? What are you surprised about? |
| Natsuko: I really recall my elementary school days but I found out that the keyword changed from my time, from my days. |
| Peter: Oh that is a bit surprising. |
| Natsuko: Yeah. |
| Peter: So the word we used today, which was, one more time. |
| Natsuko: オアシス (oashisu) |
| Peter: That wasn’t around when you were in elementary school. |
| Natsuko: Yeah, when I was a kid, we used おかし (okashi). |
| Peter: おかし (okashi)? おかしい (okashii)? |
| Natsuko: おかし (okashi). Only three words. |
| Peter: Three words. |
| Natsuko: Yeah, the three letters. |
| Peter: So not that extra い (i) that I put in there. |
| Natsuko: No. So… |
| Peter: And what do they stand for? |
| Natsuko: 「おさない」「かけない」「しゃべらない」 (“osanai” “kakenai” “shaberanai”) |
| Peter: Ah it changed! |
| Natsuko: Hah! |
| Peter: Hah! |
| Natsuko: Well it’s… |
| Peter: It’s probably just very – it’s really recent. 最近ですよ、大丈夫、大丈夫。気にしないで。(Saikin desu yo, daijōbu, daijōbu. Ki ni shinai de.) |
| Natsuko: It’s a long way ago. |
| Peter: All right, let’s take a look at this vocab. What do we have first, Natsuko-san? |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Natsuko: 避難訓練 (hinan kunren) |
| Peter: Disaster drill. |
| Natsuko: (slow) ひなんくんれん (hinan kunren) (natural speed) 避難訓練 (hinan kunren) |
| Peter: Then we have |
| Natsuko: 緊急 (kinkyū) |
| Peter: Emergency. |
| Natsuko: (slow) きんきゅう (kinkyū) (natural speed) 緊急 (kinkyū) |
| Peter: Now there is also a word that’s used on quite a few occasions. |
| Natsuko: 緊急時 (kinkyūji) |
| Peter: Time of emergency or in emergency, the actual time that it’s occurring. |
| Natsuko: Yeah, 緊急時 (kinkyūji) |
| Peter: Emergency. |
| Natsuko: (slow) きんきゅうじ (kinkyūji) (natural speed) 緊急時 (kinkyūji) |
| Peter: So actually we have 緊急 (kinkyū), suddenly and 時 (toki), time which and the reading here is じ (ji). So suddenly, a sudden time. So Natsuko-san, 緊急 (kinkyū) is emergency also. |
| Natsuko: Yeah, right. |
| Peter: So what’s the difference between these two? |
| Natsuko: 時 (ji) means time. So it’s more like, in case of emergency. |
| Peter: Yeah, in the – at the time of an emergency. |
| Natsuko: Yeah. |
| Peter: Then we have |
| Natsuko: 大切 (taisetsu) |
| Peter: Important, valuable. |
| Natsuko: (slow) たいせつ (taisetsu) (natural speed) 大切 (taisetsu) |
| Peter: And what are some 大切なもの (taisetsu na mono) you should take with you in times of emergency? We covered this in a previous lesson. Were you there or did you listen to that lesson? The government recommends you grab certain things at the time of an emergency and sometimes we are watching TV. |
| Natsuko: Yeah. |
| Peter: And there is an earthquake in that drama or that story and sometimes when you are watching a TV show and inside of that TV show, there is an earthquake, some people immediately run for something. |
| Natsuko: Well water? |
| Peter: Bankbook. Bankbook, forget the water. You can buy more. |
| Natsuko: Well…yeah but it’s better not to go back to get one. I think you should escape immediately. |
| Peter: Yes, and I remember we did a lesson about this. What to take with you at the time of an emergency. So interesting lesson. We had that whole list of what to do in this and it is a culture class I believe and next we have |
| Natsuko: 意味 (imi) |
| Peter: Meaning, significance. |
| Natsuko: (slow) いみ (imi) (natural speed) 意味 (imi) |
| Peter: Then we have |
| Natsuko: 慌てない (awatenai) |
| (slow) 慌てない (awatenai) (natural speed) 慌てない (awatenai) |
| Peter: Don’t rush. Keep your pants on. Very interesting, very interesting translation there. Next we have |
| Natsuko: 静かに (shizuka ni) |
| Peter: Quietly. |
| Natsuko: (slow) しずかに (shizuka ni) (natural speed) 静かに (shizuka ni) |
| Peter: Next. |
| Natsuko: すばやく (subayaku) |
| Peter: Quickly. |
| Natsuko: (slow) すばやく (subayaku) (natural speed) すばやく (subayaku) |
| Peter: Next. |
| Natsuko: 正解 (seikai) |
| Peter: Correct answer. |
| Natsuko: (slow) せいかい (seikai) (natural speed) 正解 (seikai) |
| Peter: Finally we have |
| Natsuko: まさか (masaka) |
| Peter: Unbelievable. |
| Natsuko: (slow) まさか (masaka) (natural speed) まさか (masaka) |
| Peter: Okay Natsuko, let’s take a look at today’s conversation. Now we always do this. We always run out of time. We have to rush through things but today we are going to take a look. We are going to start looking at the good stuff. Now we are going to start with the second line where the kids respond to the teacher saying today, we are going to have a disaster drill. |
| VOCAB AND PHRASE USAGE |
| Natsuko: えーっ。やだー。(Ē. Yadā.) |
| Peter: All right. Nice Natsuko-san. You haven’t lost that touch. Now えーっ (ē), of course is an interjection and やだ (yada), two syllables here やだ (yada) but this is short for |
| Natsuko: いやだ (iya da) |
| Peter: And いや (iya) means something one doesn’t like. |
| Natsuko: Yeah. |
| Peter: Something unpleasant. Yeah, unpleasant. So they don’t want to do it is what we are saying. Then we have the teacher |
| Natsuko: 緊急の場合に、守らないといけない、大切な言葉は何だったか、わかる人は手を挙げて？(Kinkyū no bāi ni, mamoranai to ikenai, taisetsu na kotoba wa nan datta ka, wakaru hito wa teo agete?) |
| Peter: Who remembers the important phrase we have to abide by in the case of an emergency. Let’s take a closer look at this conversation. First we have |
| Natsuko: 緊急の場合に (kinkyū no bāi ni) |
| Peter: We start off with |
| Natsuko: 緊急の (kinkyū no) |
| Peter: Emergency. Here the の (no) will translate as of, followed by |
| Natsuko: 場合に (bāi ni) |
| Peter: 場合 (bāi) here is the case. |
| Natsuko: Occasion. |
| Peter: Occasion. に (ni) will translate as in. |
| Natsuko: Yes. |
| Peter: Or at. So to go backwards, in the case of an emergency, に (ni) in by case の (no) of emergency 緊急 (kinkyū). In the case of an emergency |
| Natsuko: 守らないといけない (mamoranai to ikenai) |
| Peter: Have to protect. Again this is a structure we covered previously. The plain negative of a verb plus といけない (to ikenai) means that thing can’t not do something which we translate as have to. |
| Natsuko: Have to. |
| Peter: In the case of an emergency, have to 守る (mamoru), 守る (mamoru) is protect. Have to protect, translate “have to abide by.” |
| Natsuko: 大切な言葉は (taisetsu na kotoba wa) |
| Peter: Important word but 言葉 (kotoba) can also mean phrase but here it’s the word. An important word. |
| Natsuko: 何だったか (nan datta ka) |
| Peter: What was. Why is this the case, Natsuko-san, the past tense? |
| Natsuko: Oh it’s because the teacher had already taught this to his student. |
| Peter: So therefore they should remember it. |
| Natsuko: Yes, so it’s like you know what was that, the thing I was talking about. |
| Peter: And nobody knows. Okay, and then we have |
| Natsuko: わかる人は手を挙げて (wakaru hito wa te o agete) |
| Peter: わかる人 (wakaru hito), the person who knows hand raise. So this て (te) what would come after this? What’s inferred, 手を挙げて (te o agete)? |
| Natsuko: ください (kudasai) |
| Peter: Yeah, please but again this is an informal teacher speaking to the student. So someone who knows, please raise your hand and all the kids, me, me, me…… |
| Natsuko: Wow, they remember well. |
| Peter: Very well. So then, we get the answer from Yamada and what does this stand for? |
| Natsuko: おさない (osanai) |
| Peter: Don’t push. |
| Natsuko: あわてない (awatenai) |
| Peter: Don’t rush. |
| Natsuko: 静かに (shizuka ni) |
| Peter: Quietly. |
| Natsuko: すばやく (subayaku) |
| Peter: Quickly and this is the Japanese acronym for what should be done in the case of an emergency. |
| Natsuko: Yeah. |
| Peter: Now we say – we introduced the acronym later and in Japanese, acronym is |
| Natsuko: 頭文字 (kashiramoji) but that actually means the letter at the front. |
| Peter: And this word “oashisu” was formed from the first letter of each word. |
| Natsuko: 頭文字 (kashiramoji) or 頭の文字 (atama no moji) |
| Peter: Meaning the first letter. |
| Natsuko: Yeah. |
| Peter: All right, and one last thing we want to point out. Finally we have the teacher. He says something that’s quite interesting. |
| Natsuko: まさか、山田が正解するとは。(Masaka, Yamada ga seikai suru to wa.) |
| Peter: I never expected Yamada to give the right answer. This is so… |
| Natsuko: Well! |
| Peter: What can we judge by this sentence? |
| Natsuko: Well, obviously Yamada isn’t the one who was expected to give the right answer. |
| Peter: Yeah, not the brightest crayon in the box. |
| Natsuko: But I think the teacher shouldn’t say that. |
| Peter: Natsuko-san, excellent point yes. They should be very supportive. |
| Natsuko: Maybe not here. Well we are supportive. |
Outro |
|---|
| Peter: All right. So that is going to do for today. Any questions, stop by japanesepod101.com and leave us a post. Stop by, pick up the PDF. Inside the PDF, lots of things to bring altogether and finally inside the learning center, many things to really reinforce what you hear in the lessons. That’s going to do for today. |
| Natsuko: じゃあ、また今度。(Jā, mata kondo.) |
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