Learn about ｔhe te-form of verbs and i-adjectives linking sentences
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Sachiko: Beginner lesson #163. Problem on the Pitch. |
| Natsuko: ナツコです。 (Natsuko desu.) |
| Sachiko: Sachiko here. So Natsuko-san, do you know anything about soccer? |
| Natsuko: I often watch, you know, the Japanese national team’s game. |
| Sachiko: Oh the national team representing Japan? |
| Natsuko: Yes. |
| Sachiko: Awesome. Are you a fan of anybody in particular? |
| Natsuko: Shunsuke Nakamura. |
| Sachiko: Oh… |
| Natsuko: He is real… |
| Sachiko: He is popular. |
| Natsuko: Yes, he is a really famous guy. |
| Sachiko: Definitely. Well I have to admit I don’t know anything about soccer and until I got the script, I didn’t even know what a pitch was. |
| Natsuko: Oh really? |
| Sachiko: I don’t think I know now. What is a pitch? |
| Natsuko: It’s this playing ground. |
| Sachiko: I have never heard of that word before honestly. So today’s conversation is about two team members and a manager on a soccer team. |
| Natsuko: Yes. And it seems some kind of trouble is coming up. |
| Sachiko: Yes, it is. Let’s take a look. |
| DIALOGUE |
| （サッカーの試合 ハーフタイム控え室）(Sakkā no shiai hāfu taimu hikaeshitsu) |
| 島田 (Shimada) : 山田！さっきのプレー、なんで右サイドに蹴って、右に動かなかったのよ！(Yamada! Sakki no purē, nande migi saido ni kette, migi ni ugokanakatta no yo!) |
| 山田 (Yamada) : えーっ！あそこは左に球を出して、左サイドから攻撃するのが得策でしょう！(Ē! Asoko wa hidari ni tama o dashite, hidari saido kara kōgeki suru no ga tokusaku deshō!) |
| 監督 (kantoku) : おいおい。二人とも大声だして、どうしたんだ。もっと落ち着いて、話し合いなさい。(Oi oi. Futari-tomo ōgoe dashite, dō shita n da. Motto ochitsuite, hanashiainasai.) |
| 山田 (Yamada) : 左から崩すっていう監督の戦術通りにしたのに、島田が文句言うんです！監督、島田を叱ってください！(Hidari kara kuzusu tte iu kantoku no senjutsu dōri ni shita no ni, Shimada ga monku iu n desu! Kantoku, Shimada o shikatte kudasai!) |
| 島田 (Shimada) : 山田の奴が状況も考えずに、ずっと左にしかパスをださないのが問題なんです。あいつのせいで何度チャンスを潰したことか！(Yamada no yatsu ga jōkyō mo kangaezu ni, zutto hidari ni shika pasu o dasanai no ga mondai nan desu. Aitsu no sei de nan-do |
| chansu o tsubushita koto ka!) |
| Take: もう一度お願いします。ゆっくりお願いします。(Mō ichi-do onegai shimasu. Yukkuri onegai shimasu.) |
| 島田 (Shimada) : 山田！さっきのプレー、なんで右サイドに蹴って、右に動かなかったのよ！(Yamada! Sakki no purē, nande migi saido ni kette, migi ni ugokanakatta no yo!) |
| 山田 (Yamada) : えーっ！あそこは左に球を出して、左サイドから攻撃するのが得策でしょう！(Ē! Asoko wa hidari ni tama o dashite, hidari saido kara kōgeki suru no ga tokusaku deshō!) |
| 監督 (kantoku) : おいおい。二人とも大声だして、どうしたんだ。もっと落ち着いて、話し合いなさい。(Oi oi. Futari-tomo ōgoe dashite, dō shita n da. Motto ochitsuite, hanashiainasai.) |
| 山田 (Yamada) : 左から崩すっていう監督の戦術通りにしたのに、島田が文句言うんです！監督、島田を叱ってください！(Hidari kara kuzusu tte iu kantoku no senjutsu dōri ni shita no ni, Shimada ga monku iu n desu! Kantoku, Shimada o shikatte kudasai!) |
| 島田 (Shimada) : 山田の奴が状況も考えずに、ずっと左にしかパスをださないのが問題なんです。あいつのせいで何度チャンスを潰したことか！(Yamada no yatsu ga jōkyō mo kangaezu ni, zutto hidari ni shika pasu o dasanai no ga mondai nan desu. Aitsu no sei de nan-do |
| chansu o tsubushita koto ka!) |
| Take: 次は、英語が入ります。(Tsugi wa, Eigo ga hairimasu.) |
| （サッカーの試合 ハーフタイム控え室）(Sakkā no shiai hāfu taimu hikaeshitsu) |
| (Soccer pitch, half-time break) |
| 島田 (Shimada) : 山田！さっきのプレー、なんで右サイドに蹴って、右に動かなかったのよ！(Yamada! Sakki no purē, nande migi saido ni kette, migi ni ugokanakatta no yo!) |
| SHIMADA: In that last play, why (on earth) didn't you kick to the right side and move to the right? |
| 山田 (Yamada) : えーっ！あそこは左に球を出して、左サイドから攻撃するのが得策でしょう！(Ē! Asoko wa hidari ni tama o dashite, hidari saido kara kōgeki suru no ga tokusaku deshō!) |
| YAMADA: What! The best tactic was to kick to the left to make an attack from the left side! |
| 監督 (kantoku) : おいおい。二人とも大声だして、どうしたんだ。もっと落ち着いて、話し合いなさい。(Oi oi. Futari-tomo ōgoe dashite, dō shita n da. Motto ochitsuite, hanashiainasai.) |
| MANAGER: Hey! You guys are shouting, what's up? Calm down, and talk each other. |
| 山田 (Yamada) : 左から崩すっていう監督の戦術通りにしたのに、島田が文句言うんです！監督、島田を叱ってください！(Hidari kara kuzusu tte iu kantoku no senjutsu dōri ni shita no ni, Shimada ga monku iu n desu! Kantoku, Shimada o shikatte kudasai!) |
| YAMADA: I did it like you planned to attack from the left, but Shimada complained about me! Coach, yell at him! |
| 島田 (Shimada) : 山田の奴が状況も考えずに、ずっと左にしかパスをださないのが問題なんです。あいつのせいで何度チャンスを潰したことか！(Yamada no yatsu ga jōkyō mo kangaezu ni, zutto hidari ni shika pasu o dasanai no ga mondai nan desu. Aitsu no sei de nan-do |
| chansu o tsubushita koto ka!) |
| SHIMADA: The problem is Yamada always passes to the left in any situation without thinking. How many chances have we missed because of him! |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Sachiko: Natsuko-san, what did you think of the conversation? |
| Natsuko: Maybe this is kind of typical. |
| Sachiko: Yeah. |
| Natsuko: Conversation. |
| Sachiko: It seems… |
| Natsuko: During the halftime. |
| Sachiko: I think so. |
| Natsuko: I never played soccer. So I just imagine but I guess a lot of these happen. |
| Sachiko: Yeah, especially with soccer, it just seems so fast paced that the team members can’t read each other’s minds that quickly. |
| Natsuko: Yes. |
| Sachiko: You know, and things are changing all the time. |
| Natsuko: Right. |
| Sachiko: Okay, let’s look at the vocabulary for today. ナツコさん、お願いします。(Natsuko-san, onegai shimasu.) |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Natsuko: 控え室 (hikaeshitsu) |
| Sachiko: Waiting room. |
| Natsuko: (slow) ひかえしつ (hikaeshitsu) (natural speed) 控え室 (hikaeshitsu) |
| Sachiko: Now that sounds like it’s made up of two words. |
| Natsuko: Yes. 控え (hikae) comes from 控える (hikaeru). |
| Sachiko: Which means to wait or to just standby. |
| Natsuko: Yes, and 室 (shitsu) is |
| Sachiko: Room. |
| Natsuko: Right. |
| Sachiko: So it’s the room to stand by. Standby room, waiting room. Right, okay, pretty simple. Next, please. |
| Natsuko: さっき (sakki) |
| Sachiko: Some time ago. |
| Natsuko: (slow) さっき (sakki) (natural speed) さっき (sakki) |
| Very often used word. |
| Sachiko: When you use the word さっき (sakki) to mean some time ago, exactly how many minutes or hours or days ago are we talking about? |
| Natsuko: I think it won’t extend to days. |
| Sachiko: Okay. |
| Natsuko: It will never extend to days. |
| Sachiko: Okay. |
| Natsuko: But maybe it can be a couple of hours ago, though usually it's used for something that happened very recently… |
| Sachiko: Okay. |
| Natsuko: Like a few minutes or 30 minutes. |
| Sachiko: Wow so that would be like just a few minutes ago or just now almost. |
| Natsuko: Yeah. |
| Sachiko: Okay, next vocabulary, please. |
| Natsuko: 蹴る (keru) |
| Sachiko: To kick. |
| Natsuko: (slow) ける (keru) (natural speed) 蹴る (keru) |
| Sachiko: The kanji for this looks really complicated. So you really want to go into the PDF and check this out. |
| Natsuko: Sure. |
| Sachiko: But to be quite honest, I am Japanese and I don’t think I can write this. |
| Natsuko: I am not sure either. |
| Sachiko: Yeah. |
| Natsuko: Well I have to check out. |
| Sachiko: Yeah, it’s not something we use every day. |
| Natsuko: Right. |
| Sachiko: Okay, next vocabulary, please. |
| Natsuko: 攻撃 (kōgeki) |
| Sachiko: Attack, strike, offensive. |
| Natsuko: (slow) こうげき (kōgeki) (natural speed) 攻撃 (kōgeki) |
| Sachiko: So if you were to say that somebody’s personality was sort of aggressive, what would you say? |
| Natsuko: 攻撃的 (kōgekiteki) |
| Sachiko: So you put the word 的 (teki) at the end of this word to make it sound aggressive. |
| Natsuko: Yes. |
| Sachiko: To turn an attack into aggressive. |
| Natsuko: Uhoo… |
| Sachiko: Umm quite interesting. |
| Natsuko: So 的 (teki) means the tendency… |
| Sachiko: Ah I see. |
| Natsuko: To be. |
| Sachiko: The tendency to attack. |
| Natsuko: Wow! |
| Sachiko: The kind of colleague you don’t want to have in the office. |
| Natsuko: Sounds pretty dangerous. |
| Sachiko: Okay, next word, please. |
| Natsuko: 得策 (tokusaku) |
| Sachiko: Profitable plan. Good plan. |
| Natsuko: (slow) とくさく (tokusaku) (natural speed) 得策 (tokusaku) |
| Sachiko: Now can you tell us a little bit about the characters used here? |
| Natsuko: Yes, the first one, 得 (toku) means profitable. |
| Sachiko: Hmm. |
| Natsuko: And the second one, 策 (saku) is like a plan. |
| Sachiko: Okay. |
| Natsuko: Or strategy. |
| Sachiko: Ah! From the word 対策 (taisaku)? |
| Natsuko: Oh yes. |
| Sachiko: The same as 対策 (taisaku)? |
| Natsuko: The same kanji is used for the very often used word, 対策 (taisaku). |
| Sachiko: Meaning measure or plan. |
| Natsuko: Yes. |
| Sachiko: True. Okay, next word, please. |
| Natsuko: 落ち着く (ochitsuku) |
| Sachiko: To settle down. |
| Natsuko: (slow) おちつく (ochitsuku) (natural speed) 落ち着く (ochitsuku) |
| Sachiko: Can you give us a sample sentence for that? |
| Natsuko: ホットミルクを飲むと、落ち着く。(Hotto miruku o nomu to, ochitsuku.) |
| Sachiko: I calm down when I drink hot milk. Huh, that’s kind of cute but it’s true. Have you tried drinking hot milk at night when you can’t sleep? I thought that works. |
| Natsuko: Oh yes, yeah I tried. It helps you to kind of calm your... |
| Sachiko: Nerves? |
| Natsuko: Yes. |
| Sachiko: うーん、なるほどね。(Ūn, naruhodo ne.) I personally like hot milk tea. But that’s close enough. |
| Natsuko: Right. |
| Sachiko: Next word, please. |
| Natsuko: 崩す (kuzusu) |
| Sachiko: To destroy, to pull down. |
| Natsuko: (slow) くずす (kuzusu) (natural speed) 崩す (kuzusu) |
| Sachiko: So when we use this word, are we talking about something really, really big like a mountain or are we talking about small things like a pile of sand? |
| Natsuko: I think you can use it for both. |
| Sachiko: Next word, please. |
| Natsuko: 戦術 (senjutsu) |
| Sachiko: Tactics. |
| Natsuko: (slow) せんじゅつ (senjutsu) (natural speed) 戦術 (senjutsu) |
| Sachiko: Now can you explain to us the difference between the word 戦術 (senjutsu) and other words that mean measure or a plan? For example, 対策 (taisaku) is a word that also means plan but how is 戦術 (senjutsu) different? |
| Natsuko: 戦術 (senjutsu) is originally a military word. |
| Sachiko: Ah. |
| Natsuko: Used for wars. |
| Sachiko: Right. |
| Natsuko: So it’s more like a way to attack something. |
| Sachiko: So it serves like a strategy. |
| Natsuko: Exactly. |
| Sachiko: That explains why the first character in this word is 戦う (tatakau) is the word for battle. |
| Natsuko: Yes. |
| Sachiko: Umm okay. Next word, please. |
| Natsuko: 文句 (monku) |
| Sachiko: Complaint. |
| Natsuko: (slow) もんく (monku) (natural speed) 文句 (monku) |
| Sachiko: How would you use this in a sentence as a verb? |
| Natsuko: 文句を言う (monku o iu) |
| Sachiko: So you add を言う (o iu) to the end of it. |
| Natsuko: Yes. |
| Sachiko: To mean that you were making a complaint or saying a complaint. |
| Natsuko: Right. |
| Sachiko: What’s the next word, please? |
| Natsuko: 叱る (shikaru) |
| Sachiko: To scold. |
| Natsuko: (slow) しかる (shikaru) (natural speed) 叱る (shikaru) |
| Sachiko: Now what’s the most common situation when you use this word? What kind of relationship are two people in? |
| Natsuko: I think teacher and a student or a mother and a child. |
| Sachiko: Ah! |
| Natsuko: Father. |
| Sachiko: Right, right, right parent and child, school. Next word, please. |
| Natsuko: 状況 (jōkyō) |
| Sachiko: Situation, circumstances. |
| Natsuko: (slow) じょうきょう (jōkyō) (natural speed) 状況 (jōkyō) |
| Sachiko: Can we have a sample sentence for that? |
| Natsuko: 彼はどんな状況でも上手くできる人だ。(Kare wa donna jōkyō demo umaku dekiru hito da.) |
| Sachiko: He is the kind of person that can cope with any kind of situation. I’d like somebody to say that about me. Unfortunately I don’t hear it too often but… |
| Natsuko: You are. |
| Sachiko: ありがとう。(Arigatō.) So let’s move on to our grammar point. We have our expert, Natsuko-san. |
Lesson focus |
|---|
| Natsuko: So today’s grammar point is te-form again. |
| Sachiko: Lots of those. |
| Natsuko: Yes. So we already covered this te-form and we know that this form can be used to combine sentences. |
| Sachiko: Right. |
| Natsuko: And you can just keep |
| Sachiko: Adding to it? |
| Natsuko: Yes. |
| Sachiko: So you can say something, something て (te) something, something て (te), something, something て (te) and just go on. |
| Natsuko: Yes. Go on and on and on... but you have to finish somewhere, right? |
| Sachiko: Right. |
| Natsuko: And you have to remember that when you finish the sentence, that final verb will determine all the rest of the sentence. |
| Sachiko: The て (te) that precedes it. |
| Natsuko: Yes. |
| Sachiko: So if the final verb ends up being a past tense, that means all of the verbs before that were a past tense. |
| Natsuko: Yes, right. So there are only two tenses in Japanese, past and non-past. |
| Sachiko: Right. |
| Natsuko: Sometimes you get a little confused about if things already happened or not. |
| Sachiko: Right. |
| Natsuko: But when you are confused, just look at the last verb used which tells you whether it's past or non-past. |
| Sachiko: So the last verb dictates everything that preceded it. |
| Natsuko: Yes. |
| Sachiko: So if the last verb was a past tense, then everything becomes past tense. |
| Natsuko: Yes, right. Let’s look at the example used in the conversation like なんで右サイドに蹴って、右に動かなかったんだよ！(Nande migi saido ni kette, migi ni ugokanakatta n da yo!) |
| Sachiko: Why didn’t you kick to the right side and move to the right? |
| Natsuko: The final verb used here 動かなかった (ugokanakatta) determines the formal one. So she didn’t kick, neither move. |
| Sachiko: So she didn’t kick to the right side and she didn’t move to the right side either. |
| Natsuko: Right. |
| Sachiko: So the last verb 動かなかった (ugokanakatta) is a negation. So therefore the verb before that is negated as well. |
| Natsuko: Yes. So that’s the general rule. |
| Sachiko: Okay. Let’s look at another example. |
| Natsuko: 彼女は風邪をひいちゃったから、早く会って、お花を買って、看病したかった。(Kanojo wa kaze o hiichatta kara, hayaku atte, o-hana o katte, kanbyō shitakatta.) |
| Sachiko: She caught a cold, so I wanted to see her soon, buy her some flowers and take care of her. |
| Natsuko: Now there were three verbs there, right? |
| Sachiko: Uhoo. |
| Natsuko: 会って (atte) |
| Sachiko: Meet her. |
| Natsuko: 買って (katte) |
| Sachiko: To buy. |
| Natsuko: 看病する (kanbyō suru) |
| Sachiko: Take care of her. |
| Natsuko: Yes, but the last one 看病したかった (kanbyō shitakatta) |
| Sachiko: Means I wanted to. |
| Natsuko: Yes, in the past tense. |
| Sachiko: Right. |
| Natsuko: So that means the formal one 会う (au), 買う (kau), |
| Sachiko: All of these, she wanted to do in the past tense. |
| Natsuko: Right. |
Outro |
| Sachiko: There are many, many more examples and explanations in the PDF. So be sure to stop by japanesepod101.com. Also remember to leave us a post. |
| Natsuko: それじゃあ、またね。(Sorejā, mata ne.) |
| Sachiko: See you soon. |
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