Learn about introducing the passive tense of Class 1 verbs ending with the syllable "su"
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Natsuko: ナツコです。(Natsuko desu.) |
| Megumi: めぐみです。(Megumi desu.) |
| Peter: Peter here. Beginner lesson #154. Megumi-san, what are we talking about today? |
| Megumi: Security word, Peter. And today we are going to find out what happens finally in the third segment. |
| Peter: Yeah, so we’ve been building and building last week. Our new security worker Yoshiaki, he had such a good experience, such a good experience with the family. |
| Natsuko: Oh yes. |
| Peter: The Kobayashi family. Let’s see how things turn out. Okay, here we go. |
| DIALOGUE |
| 警備員２(keibiin 2) : 早かったな〜。なんでそんなに早いんだ？(Hayakatta nā. Nande sonna ni hayai n da?) |
| 警備員１(keibiin 1) : 問題なかったからですよ。(Mondai nakatta kara desu yo.) |
| 警備員２(keibiin 2) : よかった！やっぱりあの犬だよね。(Yokatta! Yappari ano inu da yo ne.) |
| 警備員１(keibiin 1) : いいえ。今回は小林さんが鳴らしてしまいました。(Iie. Konkai wa Kobayashi-san ga narashite shimaimashita.) |
| 警備員２(keibiin 2) : ああ、そう？それは初めてだね。すべてチェックした？(Ā, sō? Sore wa hajimete da ne. Subete chekku shita?) |
| 警備員１(keibiin 1) : もちろん！とても楽しかったです。(Mochiron! Totemo tanoshikatta desu.) |
| 警備員２(keibiin 2) : 楽しい？(Tanoshii?) |
| 警備員１(keibiin 1) : うん、小林さんはとても優しい人でした。(Un, Kobayashi-san wa totemo yasashii hito deshita.) |
| 警備員２(keibiin 2) : そう？小林さんは去年奥さんが亡くなってから、ちょっと冷たくなってきたけど。(Sō? Kobayashi-san wa kyonen okusan ga nakunatte kara, chotto tsumetaku natte kita kedo.) |
| 警備員１(keibiin 1) : ちょっと待って！何だって？彼の奥さんは去年亡くなった？本当？じゃあ、娘さんもいませんね。(Chotto matte! Nan datte? Kare no okusan wa kyonen nakunatta? Hontō? Jā, musume-san mo imasen ne.) |
| 警備員２(keibiin 2) : うん、何で知ってる？(Un, nande shitte ru?) |
| 警備員１(keibiin 1) : だまされた！警察呼ぼう。(Damasareta! Keisatsu yobō.) |
| Take: もう一度お願いします。ゆっくりお願いします。(Mō ichi-do onegai shimasu. Yukkuri onegai shimasu.) |
| 警備員２(keibiin 2) : 早かったな〜。なんでそんなに早いんだ？(Hayakatta nā. Nande sonna ni hayai n da?) |
| 警備員１(keibiin 1) : 問題なかったからですよ。(Mondai nakatta kara desu yo.) |
| 警備員２(keibiin 2) : よかった！やっぱりあの犬だよね。(Yokatta! Yappari ano inu da yo ne.) |
| 警備員１(keibiin 1) : いいえ。今回は小林さんが鳴らしてしまいました。(Iie. Konkai wa Kobayashi-san ga narashite shimaimashita.) |
| 警備員２(keibiin 2) : ああ、そう？それは初めてだね。すべてチェックした？(Ā, sō? Sore wa hajimete da ne. Subete chekku shita?) |
| 警備員１(keibiin 1) : もちろん！とても楽しかったです。(Mochiron! Totemo tanoshikatta desu.) |
| 警備員２(keibiin 2) : 楽しい？(Tanoshii?) |
| 警備員１(keibiin 1) : うん、小林さんはとても優しい人でした。(Un, Kobayashi-san wa totemo yasashii hito deshita.) |
| 警備員２(keibiin 2) : そう？小林さんは去年奥さんが亡くなってから、ちょっと冷たくなってきたけど。(Sō? Kobayashi-san wa kyonen okusan ga nakunatte kara, chotto tsumetaku natte kita kedo.) |
| 警備員１(keibiin 1) : ちょっと待って！何だって？彼の奥さんは去年亡くなった？本当？じゃあ、娘さんもいませんね。(Chotto matte! Nan datte? Kare no okusan wa kyonen nakunatta? Hontō? Jā, musume-san mo imasen ne.) |
| 警備員２(keibiin 2) : うん、何で知ってる？(Un, nande shitte ru?) |
| 警備員１(keibiin 1) : だまされた！警察呼ぼう。(Damasareta! Keisatsu yobō.) |
| Natsuko: 次は、英語が入ります。(Tsugi wa, Eigo ga hairimasu.) |
| 警備員２(keibiin 2) : 早かったな〜。なんでそんなに早いんだ？(Hayakatta nā. Nande sonna ni hayai n da?) |
| GUARD 2: That was fast! Why was it that fast? |
| 警備員１(keibiin 1) : 問題なかったからですよ。(Mondai nakatta kara desu yo.) |
| GUARD 1: Because there were no problems. |
| 警備員２(keibiin 2) : よかった！やっぱりあの犬だよね。(Yokatta! Yappari ano inu da yo ne.) |
| GUARD 2: Good. It was that dog, right? |
| 警備員１(keibiin 1) : いいえ。今回は小林さんが鳴らしてしまいました。(Iie. Konkai wa Kobayashi-san ga narashite shimaimashita.) |
| GUARD 1: No. This time Kobayashi set off the alarm. |
| 警備員２(keibiin 2) : ああ、そう？それは初めてだね。すべてチェックした？(Ā, sō? Sore wa hajimete da ne. Subete chekku shita?) |
| GUARD 2: Oh, is that right? That's a first. You checked everything, right? |
| 警備員１(keibiin 1) : もちろん！とても楽しかったです。(Mochiron! Totemo tanoshikatta desu.) |
| GUARD 1: Of course! It was really fun. |
| 警備員２(keibiin 2) : 楽しい？(Tanoshii?) |
| GUARD 2: Fun? |
| 警備員１(keibiin 1) : うん、小林さんはとても優しい人でした。(Un, Kobayashi-san wa totemo yasashii hito deshita.) |
| GUARD 1: Yeah. Kobayashi is really nice. |
| 警備員２(keibiin 2) : そう？小林さんは去年奥さんが亡くなってから、ちょっと冷たくなってきたけど。(Sō? Kobayashi-san wa kyonen okusan ga nakunatte kara, chotto tsumetaku natte kita kedo.) |
| GUARD 2: Really? Ever since his wife passed away last year, he's been a bit cold. |
| 警備員１(keibiin 1) : ちょっと待って！何だって？彼の奥さんは去年亡くなった？本当？じゃあ、娘さんもいませんね。(Chotto matte! Nan datte? Kare no okusan wa kyonen nakunatta? Hontō? Jā, musume-san mo imasen ne.) |
| GUARD 1: Hang on! What did you say? His wife passed away last year? Are you serious? And let me guess, he doesn't have a daughter. |
| 警備員２(keibiin 2) : うん、何で知ってる？(Un, nande shitte ru?) |
| GUARD 2: Yeah, how did you know? |
| 警備員１(keibiin 1) : だまされた！警察呼ぼう。(Damasareta! Keisatsu yobō.) |
| GUARD 1: I've been duped. Call the police! |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Megumi: ナツコさん、どう思いましたか。(Natsuko-san, dō omoimashita ka.) |
| Natsuko: そういう事だったんですか。(Sō iu koto datta n desu ka.) |
| Peter: Yes, it was that thing and めぐみさん、どう思いましたか。(Megumi-san, dō omoimashita ka.) |
| Megumi: そうですね、ビックリしましたね。(Sō desu ne, bikkuri shimashita ne.) |
| Peter: Yeah Natsuko-san, first word please. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Natsuko: そんなに (sonna ni ) |
| Megumi: So much, so, like that. 例文お願いします。(Reibun onegai shimasu.) |
| Natsuko: そんなに急いで食べなくてもいいです。(Sonna ni isoide tabenakute mo ii desu.) |
| Megumi: You don’t have to eat so quickly. Next word. |
| Natsuko: 早い (hayai) |
| Megumi: Early. Next word. |
| Natsuko: やっぱり (yappari) |
| Megumi: As was expected, for all that. 例文お願いします。(Reibun onegai shimasu.) |
| Natsuko: やっぱりあいつは嘘をついていた。(Yappari aitsu wa uso o tsuite ita.) |
| Megumi: Just as I thought, that guy was lying. Next word. |
| Natsuko: 初めて (hajimete) |
| Megumi: For the first time. 例文お願いします。(Reibun onegai shimasu.) |
| Natsuko: これを今日初めて見ました。(Kore o kyō hajimete mimashita.) |
| Megumi: Today, it was the first time I saw this. Next word. |
| Natsuko: 全て (subete) |
| Megumi: All, the whole. 例文お願いします。(Reibun onegai shimasu.) |
| Natsuko: ほしいもの全て買ってあげます。(Hoshii mono subete katte agemasu.) |
| Megumi: I will buy everything you want. Next word. |
| Natsuko: 優しい (yasashii) |
| Megumi: Tender, kind, gentle, graceful. Next word. |
| Natsuko: 奥さん (okusan) |
| Megumi: Wife. Next word. |
| Natsuko: 亡くなる (nakunaru) |
| Megumi: To pass away. |
| Peter: Natsuko-san, I want to stop here and take a look at this word. Now, there is the word also 死ぬ (shinu). |
| Natsuko: Yes. |
| Peter: To die. And there is this word 亡くなる (nakunaru). |
| Natsuko: Yes. |
| Peter: What’s the difference here? |
| Natsuko: 死ぬ (shinu) is more general. It can be used for anything that has life but 亡くなる (nakunaru) is used for a person and it's usually more polite to use. |
| Megumi: As a euphemism. |
| Peter: Yeah, thank you very much for clearing that up. So if you are talking about somebody and kind of the way we say in English to die and to pass away, Mr. Kobayashi passed away. |
| Natsuko: Yes. So in some cases, it’s too direct to say someone’s you know dead in the way 死ぬ (shinu). |
| Peter: Now Natsuko-san, I am always confused about this. Sometimes I’ve been in Japan for a while now. |
| Natsuko: Yes. |
| Peter: And I have come into contact with people who have lost a loved one or had someone pass away. What do I say to them? I never know what to say. Sometimes I say 気の毒 (kinodoku) or I don’t really know what to say. |
| Natsuko: The set phrase is ご愁傷さまです (goshūshōsama desu). |
| Peter: Can you just break that down? |
| Natsuko: ご愁傷さまです。(Goshūshōsama desu.) |
| Peter: ご愁傷さまです。(Goshūshōsama desu.) |
| Natsuko: Yes. |
| Peter: ご愁傷さまです。(Goshūshōsama desu.) |
| Natsuko: Yes, but you have to be a bit careful about using this expression because it may sound not too polite in some cases. So maybe another polite phrase ご冥福をお祈りします (go-meifuku o o-inori shimasu) can be used, too. |
| Peter: One more time. |
| Natsuko: (slow) ご冥福をお祈りします (go-meifuku o o-inori shimasu) (natural speed) ご冥福をお祈りします (go-meifuku o o-inori shimasu) |
| Peter: ご冥福をお祈りします (go-meifuku o o-inori shimasu) |
| Natsuko: Yes. That means a prayer for the rest of the soul. |
| Peter: Thank you so much. Now I finally know what to say because I always wanted to say the right thing. I didn’t want to say the wrong thing and I never knew. |
| Natsuko: I know. |
| Peter: So I just kind of winded up mumbling. |
| Natsuko: Yes, I know. It’s a difficult situation. |
| Megumi: Next word. |
| Natsuko: だます (damasu) |
| Megumi: To cheat, to trick. Next word. |
| Natsuko: 警察 (keisatsu) |
| Megumi: Police. |
| Peter: Now let’s just take a quick look at the conversation. Natsuko-san, again in the first lesson, the first one of the series, again the rookie, the new guy, there were several times, what he did was speak informal Japanese because he was nervous, anxious or in a hurry. Now he does this again here, line #10. He’s come to the realization that he has just been tricked. Natsuko-san, what does he say here? |
| VOCAB AND PHRASE USAGE |
| Natsuko: ちょっと待って！(Chotto matte!) |
| Peter: Wait a second! Now this is not something you’d say to a superior. |
| Natsuko: Usually. |
| Peter: Yeah, usually unless it’s a deadline coming, you know, time is pressing. |
| Natsuko: Yes. |
| Peter: Followed by |
| Natsuko: 何だって？(Nan datte?) |
| Peter: What did you say? Again not something you would say, followed by |
| Natsuko: 彼の奥さんは去年亡くなった？(Kare no okusan wa kyonen nakunatta?) |
| Peter: His wife passed away last year and again, informal Japanese we have here because he is still in that state of shock. |
| Natsuko: 本当？(Hontō?) |
| Peter: Really? |
| Natsuko: じゃあ、娘さんもいませんね。(Jā, musume-san mo imasen ne.) |
| Peter: Now he is finally coming to his senses and he goes back to polite Japanese. He also doesn’t have a daughter, does he? Then we have the next line |
| Natsuko: うん、何で知ってる？(Un, nande shitte ru?) |
| Peter: Okay yeah, why do you know, followed by today’s grammar point. |
Lesson focus |
|---|
| Natsuko: だまされた！(Damasareta!) |
| Peter: Here we have the passive of class 1 verbs. Natsuko-san, how do we say the passive in Japanese? |
| Natsuko: 受け身 (ukemi) |
| Peter: Again he is speaking informal Japanese because he is in a hurry. Call the police he follows with 警察呼ぼう (keisatsu yobō), call the police. How would this sentence read if it was in a textbook? It’s very important when we talk about the 受け身 (ukemi) to really look at the particles. What do we have here? |
| Natsuko: 私は二人にだまされました。(Watashi wa futari ni damasaremashita.) |
| Peter: We have the person who is tricked, marked by the particle は (wa), the people who did the tricking, marked by the particle に (ni), followed by the ます (masu) in the past passive. Now if we want to just look at the present passive, we have |
| Natsuko: だまされる (damasareru) |
| Peter: To form this construction, we have だます (damasu). We drop the final す (su) and we add |
| Natsuko: される (sareru) |
| Peter: Now this is from all Class 1 す (su)-verbs, drop す (su) and add |
| Natsuko: される (sareru) |
| Peter: For example, Megumi-san, we had the word 話す (hanasu). Can you give us the plain passive? |
| Megumi: 話される (hanasareru) |
| Peter: Can you give us an example? |
| Natsuko: イタリアに行った時に、イタリア語で話されました。(Itaria ni itta toki ni, Itaria-go de hanasaremashita.) |
| Peter: When I went to Italy, I was spoken to in Italian. All right, now we get into the passive which is some tricky stuff. Again, the key here is the particles. |
Outro |
| Peter: All right, that’s going to do it for today. |
| Natsuko: じゃあ、また明日ね。(Jā, mata ashita ne.) |
| Megumi: バイバイ。(Baibai.) |
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