INTRODUCTION |
Natsuko: おはよう、東京。ナツコです。(Ohayō, Tōkyō. Natsuko desu.) |
Peter: Peter here. Now in today’s lesson, we are back and talking again about Degree of Certainty. Now previously, we introduced かもしれない (kamo shirenai) and the polite form かもしれません (kamo shiremasen). In today’s lesson, we are going to build on that by talking about でしょう (deshō), which has a higher degree of certainty which we will find out all about later in the grammar section. In addition, in today’s lesson, we introduce one of our new voice actors. Yoshikawa-san. |
Yoshikawa: えー、どうも、吉川きよひとです。生まれたのは仙台市、いや旧出水市。生まれた日は9月10日、ドラえもんの誕生日を過ぎる事1週間といったところでしょうか。(Ē, dōmo, Yoshikawa Kiyohito desu. Umareta no wa Sendai-shi, iya kyū Izumi-shi. Umareta hi wa ku-gatsu tōka, Doraemon no tanjōbi o sugiru koto isshū-kan to itta tokoro deshō ka.) |
Yoshikawa: はい。(Hai.) |
Peter: Now wait until you hear Yoshikawa-san. He has such a range of voices. Today you are just going to get one of his many voices. All right, with that said, let’s get into today’s lesson. Here we go. |
DIALOGUE |
警備員1: <ざざざざ> 防犯ブザーが鳴っています!どうしよう!皆さん!ブザーが鳴っています!( Bōhan buzā ga natte imasu! Dō shiyō! Mina-san! Buzā ga natte imasu!) |
警備員2(keibiin 2) : 落ち着いてよ。(Ochitsuite yo.) |
警備員1(keibiin 1) : 泥棒かもしれない。(Dorobō kamo shirenai.) |
警備員2(keibiin 2) : 君はいつからこの仕事に入った?(Kimi wa itsu kara kono shigoto ni haitta?) |
警備員1(keibiin 1) : 今日は初日ですが。(Kyō wa shonichi desu ga.) |
警備員2(keibiin 2) : なるほど。普段は泥棒じゃない。よく風とか動物とかブザーを鳴らすんだ。今回もそれが原因だろう。ちょっと見せて。(Naruhodo. Fudan wa dorobō ja nai. Yoku kaze toka dōbutsu toka buzā o narasu n da. Konkai mo sore ga gen'in darō. Chotto misete.) |
警備員3(keibiin 3) : どうなってる?(Dō natte ru?) |
警備員2(keibiin 2) : やっぱり。また小林商店だ。(Yappari. Mata Kobayashi shōten da.) |
警備員3(keibiin 3) : また?まったく!(Mata? Mattaku!) |
警備員1(keibiin 1) : 小林商店って?(Kobayashi shōten tte?) |
警備員2(keibiin 2) : 小林商店に犬がいる。あの犬はよく防犯ブザーを鳴らす。今回もあの犬だろう。じゃ、一緒に確認しに行こう。(Kobayashi shōten ni inu ga iru. Ano inu wa yoku bōhan buzā o narasu. Konkai mo ano inu darō. Ja, issho ni kakunin shi ni ikō.) |
警備員1(keibiin 1) : はい、わかりました。(Hai, wakarimashita.) |
Take: もう一度お願いします。ゆっくりお願いします。(Mō ichi-do onegai shimasu. Yukkuri onegai shimasu.) |
警備員1(keibiin 1) : 防犯ブザーが鳴っています!どうしよう!皆さん!ブザーが鳴っています!(Bōhan buzā ga natte imasu! Dō shiyō! Mina-san! Buzā ga natte imasu!) |
警備員2(keibiin 2) : 落ち着いてよ。(Ochitsuite yo.) |
警備員1(keibiin 1) : 泥棒かもしれない。(Dorobō kamo shirenai.) |
警備員2(keibiin 2) : 君はいつからこの仕事に入った?(Kimi wa itsu kara kono shigoto ni haitta?) |
警備員1(keibiin 1) : 今日は初日ですが。(Kyō wa shonichi desu ga.) |
警備員2(keibiin 2) : なるほど。普段は泥棒じゃない。よく風とか動物とかブザーを鳴らすんだ。今回もそれが原因だろう。ちょっと見せて。(Naruhodo. Fudan wa dorobō ja nai. Yoku kaze toka dōbutsu toka buzā o narasu n da. Konkai mo sore ga gen'in darō. Chotto misete.) |
警備員3(keibiin 3) : どうなっている?(Dō natte iru?) |
警備員2(keibiin 2) : やっぱり。また小林商店だ。(Yappari. Mata Kobayashi shōten da.) |
警備員3(keibiin 3) : また?まったく!(Mata? Mattaku!) |
警備員1(keibiin 1) : 小林商店って?(Kobayashi shōten tte?) |
警備員2(keibiin 2) : 小林商店に犬がいる。あの犬はよく防犯ブザーを鳴らす。今回もあの犬だろう。じゃ、一緒に確認しに行こう。(Kobayashi shōten ni inu ga iru. Ano inu wa yoku bōhan buzā o narasu. Konkai mo ano inu darō. Ja, issho ni kakunin shi ni ikō.) |
警備員1(keibiin 1) : はい、わかりました。(Hai, wakarimashita.) |
Take: 次は、ピーターさんの英語が入ります。(Tsugi wa, Pītā-san no Eigo ga hairimasu.) |
警備員1(keibiin 1) : <ざざざざ> 防犯ブザーが鳴っています!( Bōhan buzā ga natte imasu!) |
GUARD 1: [Alarm sounding] The security alarm has been sounded! |
警備員1(keibiin 1) : どうしよう!(Dō shiyō!) |
GUARD 1: What do I do? |
警備員1(keibiin 1) : 皆さん!ブザーが鳴っています!(Mina-san! Buzā ga natte imasu!) |
GUARD 1: The alarm is ringing! |
警備員2(keibiin 2) : 落ち着いてよ。(Ochitsuite yo.) |
GUARD 2: Settle down. |
警備員1(keibiin 1) : 泥棒かもしれない。(Dorobō kamo shirenai.) |
GUARD 1: It might be a thief! |
警備員2(keibiin 2) : 君はいつからこの仕事に入った?(Kimi wa itsu kara kono shigoto ni haitta?) |
GUARD 2: When did you start this job? |
警備員1(keibiin 1) : 今日は初日ですが。(Kyō wa shonichi desu ga.) |
GUARD 1: It's my first day today. |
警備員2(keibiin 2) : なるほど。(Naruhodo.) |
GUARD 2: Ah, I see. |
警備員2(keibiin 2) : 普段は泥棒じゃない。(Fudan wa dorobō ja nai.) |
GUARD 2: It usually isn't a thief. |
警備員2(keibiin 2) : よく風とか動物とかブザーを鳴らすんだ。(Yoku kaze toka dōbutsu toka buzā o narasu n da.) |
GUARD 2: The wind or animals often sound the alarm. |
警備員2(keibiin 2) : 今回もそれが原因だろう。(Konkai mo sore ga gen'in darō.) |
GUARD 2: This time also it probably isn't a thief. |
警備員2(keibiin 2) : ちょっと見せて。(Chotto misete.) |
GUARD 2: Show me. |
警備員3(keibiin 3) : どうなってる?(Dō natte ru?) |
GUARD 3: What's going on? |
警備員2(keibiin 2) : やっぱり。(Yappari.) |
GUARD 2: Just as I thought. |
警備員2(keibiin 2) : また小林商店だ。(Mata Kobayashi shōten da.) |
GUARD 2: It's Kobayashi's place of business again. |
警備員3(keibiin 3) : また?まったく!(Mata? Mattaku!) |
GUARD 3: Again? Unbelievable! |
警備員1(keibiin 1) : 小林商店って?(Kobayashi shōten tte?) |
GUARD 1: Kobayashi's place of business? |
警備員2(keibiin 2) : 小林商店に犬がいる。(Kobayashi shōten ni inu ga iru.) |
GUARD 2: There's a dog at Kobayashi's place of business. |
警備員2(keibiin 2) : あの犬はよく防犯ブザーを鳴らす。(Ano inu wa yoku bōhan buzā o narasu.) |
GUARD 2: The dog often sounds the security alarm. |
警備員2(keibiin 2) : 今回もあの犬だろう。(Konkai mo ano inu darō.) |
GUARD 2: It's probably this dog again. |
警備員2(keibiin 2) : じゃ、一緒に確認しに行こう。(Ja, issho ni kakunin shi ni ikō.) |
GUARD 2: Okay, let's go to make sure. |
警備員1(keibiin 1) : はい、わかりました。(Hai, wakarimashita.) |
GUARD 1: Yes, understood. |
POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
Peter: ナツコさん、どう思いましたか。(Natsuko-san, dō omoimashita ka.) |
Natsuko: 本当に泥棒じゃないといいんですけどね。(Hontō ni dorobō ja nai to ii n desu kedo ne.) |
Peter: Yeah, it would be nice if it wasn’t a burglar but it looks like we will find out next week. |
Natsuko: Do we have to wait until next week? |
Peter: Yes, we do or the next beginner lesson which yeah will be next week. |
Natsuko: Okay. |
Peter: So yeah, this is part 1 of a two, well let’s see if it opens but we just know that there will be another part to this series. |
Natsuko: Another series. |
Peter: Another series. Okay, let’s take a look at today’s vocab. Natsuko-san, first word. |
VOCAB LIST |
Natsuko: 警備 (keibi) |
Peter: Defense, guard. |
Natsuko: (slow) けいび (keibi) (natural speed) 警備 (keibi) |
Peter: Can you give us a sample sentence, please? |
Natsuko: 空港は警備をより厳しくした。(Kūkō wa keibi o yori kibishiku shita.) |
Peter: Security at the airport has become tighter. Now Natsuko-san, this is the word for defensive guard but what about like a security guard. What do we call them in Japanese? |
Natsuko: The man? |
Peter: Yeah, or the woman now-a-days. |
Natsuko: Oh yes. 警備員 (keibiin) |
Peter: Break that down. |
Natsuko: (slow) けいびいん (keibiin) (natural speed) 警備員 (keibiin) |
Peter: So it’s the same word but we attach 員 (in). |
Natsuko: Yes, which means person. |
Peter: And usually a person who is part of a group. |
Natsuko: Yes, right. |
Peter: 警備員 (keibiin), and I’ve also heard this word but with the polite suffix さん (san) attached. |
Natsuko: Oh yes, 警備員さん (keibiin-san) sounds politer. |
Peter: Much politer and now this is actually – well they are actually increasing in Japan, the number of security companies, the number of security guards. |
Natsuko: Right. |
Peter: What’s the name of one of the big ones? |
Natsuko: The security guard company? |
Peter: Yeah. |
Natsuko: Umm I hear one, セコム (Sekomu). |
Peter: SECOM。 |
Natsuko: Yes, I think that’s one of the leading companies. |
Peter: Now they are in the home protection or company protection business. |
Natsuko: Yes. |
Peter: So your house or your company would have an alarm attached and if something triggers that sensor, they would be dispatched to go and check out what caused the alarm to go off. |
Natsuko: Yes. |
Peter: Now in today’s dialogue, you know it might have been a bit confusing when the older security guards said, ちょっと見せて (chotto misete). Let me take a look. |
Natsuko: Yes. |
Peter: But you can see where the alarm went off and whose place it was et cetera which comes up on the computer. Give us the name of that company, one more time. |
Natsuko: セコム (Sekomu) |
Peter: Next word. |
Natsuko: 防犯 (bōhan) |
Peter: Prevention of crime. |
Natsuko: (slow) ぼうはん (bōhan) (natural speed) 防犯 (bōhan) |
Peter: Now let’s take a closer look at the kanji that make up this word. Natsuko-san, what does the first character mean? |
Natsuko: To prevent. |
Peter: And the second character. |
Natsuko: Crime. |
Peter: Yeah, very straightforward. |
Natsuko: Yes. |
Peter: Prevent crime. So Natsuko-san, can you give us some words that this is associated with? We had one in the dialogue. |
Natsuko: Yes, 防犯ブザー (bōhan buzā). |
Peter: So literally it would be a crime prevention buzzer. |
Natsuko: Yes. |
Peter: But we have to kind of think about the concept, crime prevention is security. So security and buzzer is an alarm. Security alarm. |
Natsuko: Yes. |
Peter: What other words and phrases do we have? |
Natsuko: 防犯カメラ (bōhan kamera) |
Peter: Security camera. Natsuko, next. |
Natsuko: ブザー (buzā) |
Peter: Buzzer. |
Natsuko: (slow) ぶざー (buzā) (natural speed) ブザー (buzā) |
Peter: Next we have |
Natsuko: 落ち着く (ochitsuku) |
Peter: Calm down. |
Natsuko: (slow) おちつく (ochitsuku) (natural speed) 落ち着く (ochitsuku) |
Peter: Followed by |
Natsuko: 泥棒 (dorobō) |
Peter: Thief, burglar, robber. |
Natsuko: (slow) どろぼう (dorobō) (natural speed) 泥棒 (dorobō) |
Peter: And for some reason, this has been appearing in a lot of dialogues lately. |
Natsuko: I don’t know why but yes, I know it is that. |
Peter: Yeah, hopefully you won’t forget this word, followed by |
Natsuko: 初日 (shonichi) |
Peter: First day or opening day. |
Natsuko: (slow) しょにち (shonichi) (natural speed) 初日 (shonichi) |
Peter: Now can we get a sample sentence? |
Natsuko: バーゲンは初日がねらい目です。(Bāgen wa shonichi ga neraime desu.) |
Peter: Aim for the first day of a bargain. Next we have |
Natsuko: 商店 (shōten) |
Peter: Shop, business. |
Natsuko: (slow) しょうてん (shōten) (natural speed) 商店 (shōten) |
Peter: Natsuko-san, in the dialogue |
Natsuko: Yes. |
Peter: What did we have? We had |
Natsuko: 小林商店 (Kobayashi shōten) |
Peter: How do we translate this, Kobayashi’s shop of business, Kobayashi’s place of business? |
Natsuko: It’s actually a name I think of a store like Kobayashi and the company. |
Peter: Nail on the head right there because what we want to get across here is, when we refer to someone’s house, if it was Kobayashi’s house, how do we say it? |
Natsuko: 小林家 (Kobayashi-ke) |
Peter: With the character being house. |
Natsuko: Yes. |
Peter: Here the characters are business and shop. |
Natsuko: Yes. |
Peter: So meaning his place of business. |
Natsuko: So some kind of commercial activity must be going on there. |
Peter: Yeah. We just wanted to point that out today that this is how a place of business may be referred to. Next we have |
Natsuko: 確認 (kakunin) |
Peter: To confirm, validate. |
Natsuko: (slow) かくにん (kakunin) (natural speed) 確認 (kakunin) |
Peter: And last we have a pair of transitive and intransitive verbs. First, we will give you the transitive. |
Natsuko: 鳴らす (narasu) |
Peter: To sound, to ring. |
Natsuko: (slow) ならす (narasu) (natural speed) 鳴らす (narasu) |
Peter: Now as this is a transitive verb, when it's used in a sentence, there will usually be the object marker, を (o). |
Natsuko: Yes. |
Peter: Marking the direct object. That will be rung or sounded. |
Natsuko: Yes. |
Peter: Can we have a sample sentence? |
Natsuko: 除夜の鐘を鳴らす。(Joya no kane o narasu.) |
Peter: To ring the end of the year bell and then we have |
Natsuko: 鳴る (naru) |
Peter: To sound, to ring. |
Natsuko: (slow) なる (naru) (natural speed) 鳴る (naru) |
Peter: Sample sentence, please. |
Natsuko: 電話が鳴る。(Denwa ga naru.) |
Peter: The phone rings. |
Natsuko: 電話が鳴った。(Denwa ga natta.) |
Peter: The phone rang. Here there is no direct object. So the phone rang. Now Natsuko-san, a few points we want to take a look at in today’s dialogue. |
Natsuko: Yes. |
VOCAB AND PHRASE USAGE |
Peter: In the first line, we have the intransitive form of 鳴る (naru) to ring, to sound. The first sentence is |
Natsuko: 防犯ブザーが鳴っています!(Bōhan buzā ga natte imasu!) |
Peter: The security alarm has been sounded. Again in Japanese, the present progressive can represent an ongoing state. |
Natsuko: Yes. |
Peter: And here the state that’s continuing on is the alarm is ringing. The alarm has been sounded. |
Natsuko: Yes. |
Peter: So the state is ongoing. And being the new guy, he is kind of nervous. So he says |
Natsuko: どうしよう!皆さん!ブザーが鳴っています!(Dō shiyō! Mina-san! Buzā ga natte imasu!) |
Peter: What should we do everybody, the alarm has been sounded. The security alarm is ringing. |
Natsuko: Yes. |
Peter: But I guess this kind of depends, you know, because the reason I kind of went with it has been sounded is because, you know, nowadays, we have the Hi-tech motion sensors. It’s not like the old days when somebody breaks into something and it’s zzzzzt. Now you have the motion sensors. Things have been triggered and people come. So hi-tech but I think either one works here. |
Natsuko: Yes. |
Peter: Then the older security guard comes in and he says, |
Natsuko: 落ち着いてよ。(Ochitsuite yo.) |
Peter: Calm down, calm down and this is followed by |
Natsuko: 泥棒かもしれない。(Dorobō kamo shirenai.) |
Peter: Now two interesting things about this. One, this is what we introduced in the previous lesson, a noun with かもしれない (kamo shirenai), the possibility that it is a burglar. It might be a burglar. |
Natsuko: Yes. |
Peter: Two, this is a new guy. It’s his first day. So normally, talking to people above him or in a higher position than him, he would normally use the polite form which would be |
Natsuko: 泥棒かもしれません。(Dorobō kamo shiremasen.) |
Peter: Now Natsuko-san, why would he not use the polite form here? |
Natsuko: I think he is really upset. |
Peter: Yeah. |
Natsuko: And there is a nuance of emergency. He is being very tense. |
Peter: Yeah, almost panicking. |
Natsuko: Yes. |
Peter: So in this kind of state, one may forget the levels of politeness. |
Natsuko: Yes. |
Peter: And just go with something informal which he did here. Now if you notice, the next line he says |
Natsuko: 今日は初日ですが。(Kyō wa shonichi desu ga.) |
Peter: He is back to the polite. |
Natsuko: Yes. |
Peter: He is kind of pulling himself together. |
Natsuko: Yes. |
Peter: Okay, it’s his first day on the job, things are ringing and he is getting a little nervous but now he kind of pulls it together. So again this is one thing that we wanted to point out today. Next we want to take a look at the expression なるほど (naruhodo). So he says |
Natsuko: 今日は初日ですが。(Kyō wa shonichi desu ga.) |
Peter: Then the experienced security guard, the experienced guy, he says |
Natsuko: なるほど。(Naruhodo.) |
Peter: Now I see or is that right. What’s the nuance here? What is he trying to convey? |
Natsuko: Now he knows why he is panicking. |
Peter: Yeah, it’s his first time. So okay I got it. He knows the reason. So なるほど (naruhodo), oh so that’s the reason. |
Natsuko: Yes. |
Peter: Some kind of – some piece of information that you didn’t have comes into your hands. |
Natsuko: Yes, so now I understand. |
Peter: Now I got it. This is followed by |
Natsuko: 普段は泥棒じゃない。(Fudan wa dorobō ja nai.) |
Peter: Usually it’s not a thief or usually it’s not a burglar. Next line we want to take a look at |
Natsuko: よく風とか動物とかブザーを鳴らす。(Yoku kaze toka dōbutsu toka buzā o narasu.) |
Peter: Here we have the transitive, 鳴らす (narasu). Now first we have 風とか (kaze toka), the wind and such. 動物とか (dōbutsu toka), animals and such. These type of things ブザーを鳴らす (buzā o narasu), these type of things set off the alarm. These types of things ring the alarm, these types of things sound the alarm. It’s these things actually doing something to sound the alarm. Now Natsuko-san, one more thing about this sentence. |
Natsuko: Yes. I noticed that something is missing in the sentence. |
Peter: That is |
Natsuko: が (ga) |
Peter: Yeah. Umm… |
Natsuko: Usually it should be よく風とか動物とかがブザーを鳴らす (yoku kaze toka dōbutsu toka ga buzā o narasu). |
Peter: Marking the subject that’s doing something to the direct object. |
Natsuko: Yes, but in this casual situation, it’s omitted. |
Peter: Okay, two more points of interest. One more is the next sentence. |
Natsuko: 今回もそれが原因だろう。(Konkai mo sore ga ken’in darō.) |
Lesson focus
|
Peter: This time also that’s probably the cause. Now what we want to look at here is だろう (darō), which is actually our grammar point for the day. Now Natsuko, what is だろう (darō)? |
Natsuko: Probably. |
Peter: And this is short or not short, but informal for |
Natsuko: でしょう (deshō) |
Peter: Now up until now, we introduced でしょう (deshō) as kind of like a tag question, using it as right trying to get a response out of the listening party. |
Natsuko: Right. |
Peter: But here we are using probability. Now the guy who is speaking is an experienced security guard. |
Natsuko: Yes. |
Peter: Day in and day out, he sees lots of things. |
Natsuko: Uhoo, yes. |
Peter: But judging by the way he is using the probability here, probably 9 times or 8 times out of 10, something other than a criminal or a thief or burglar causing or tripping these alarms. So he is going based on his experience that this time also, it is not really a thief or burglar that it's some other cause. And that’s why he inserts |
Natsuko: だろう (darō) |
Peter: Or attaches だろう (darō) to the end of the sentence. |
Natsuko: Yes. |
Peter: Now this is relevant to our previous lesson. Natsuko-san, degree of probability でしょう (deshō) or だろう (darō), its informal version compared with かもしれない (kamo shirenai). |
Natsuko: Oh, it’s more stronger. |
Peter: Meaning that you are more confident. |
Natsuko: Yes, than かもしれない (kamo shirenai). |
Peter: Yeah. So if you use かもしれない (kamo shirenai), the degree of probability is more uncertain. |
Natsuko: Yes. |
Peter: だろう (darō), でしょう (deshō) can go all the way up to a very high degree of certainty. |
Natsuko: Right. |
Peter: But you don’t want to put your foot in your mouth. It’s kind of like you are covering yourself. |
Natsuko: Yes. |
Peter: The clause in a contract. |
Natsuko: Yes. |
Peter: You are stating something. |
Natsuko: Yes. |
Peter: And just in case, it’s not that way, だろう (darō). |
Natsuko: Yes, right. |
Peter: Now a couple of things here. Here we have a noun plus だろう (darō). So noun we can directly follow it with |
Natsuko: だろう (darō) |
Peter: Or in polite situations |
Natsuko: でしょう (deshō) |
Peter: And that’s what this lesson is looking at using nouns with だろう (darō) and でしょう (deshō). Okay, let’s just cover the next line, too. |
Natsuko: ちょっと見せて。(Chotto misete.) |
Peter: Please let me take a look. Now again with the kind of constraints of just being audio, you have to visualize that this person, the new guy, is in front of the computer. He is monitoring all the houses. |
Natsuko: Yes. |
Peter: And then he sees that the buzz is going off, that the security alarm is going off. Now from what I gather, all the other guys since they have a new guy, they are all in the back playing poker or cards or sleeping doing something. |
Natsuko: Yeah. |
Peter: Exploiting the new guy. We need some new guys around here. |
Natsuko: Get one. |
Peter: There it is. Anybody who’d like to come down and be exploited, and he now works for us, japanesepod101.com, contact us by email. So that’s why he wants to take a look. Now once he takes a look, he says |
Natsuko: やっぱり。(Yappari.) |
Peter: Just as I thought. |
Natsuko: また小林商店。(Mata Kobayashi shōten.) |
Peter: And he says this. Then somebody in the background replies |
Natsuko: また?全く!(Mata? Mattaku!) |
Peter: Again? Come on! Now here 全く (mattaku). Again we went over this previously but it can mean many different things, kind of depending on what would follow it and the nuance and the context it’s used. |
Natsuko: Yes. |
Peter: Here it’s the same place, 小林商店 (Kobayashi shōten) and probably once a week, the security alarm goes off. |
Natsuko: Yes. |
Peter: So they are very familiar with these people. So it’s this alarm again, oh come on. And as we find out, their dog is always tripping the alarm, probably a sensor alarm. |
Natsuko: Yes. |
Outro
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Peter: So they are always having a go and check it out. All right, now today what we’d like to do is play you the lesson. Now that we went through explaining a lot, we are going to play that lesson one more time. This way, we went through everything, we go through everything explaining. Now listen to it in context and see how well it sinks in. All right, that’s going to do it for today. |
Natsuko: じゃあ、また明日ね。(Jā, mata ashita ne.) |
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