Learn about indicating that a certain action is not acceptable or permitted
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Takase: おはよう、ラングーン。たかせです。(Ohayō, Rangūn. Takase desu.) |
| Yoshi: おはよう、ラングーン。よしです。(Ohayō, Rangūn. Yoshi desu.) |
| Peter: Peter here. Beginner lesson #143. Ah Yoshi-san, it’s not survival phrases. What is she doing here? |
| Yoshi: Maybe the sun gave me the power for I could swim Loch Lomond and be home in half an hour. |
| Takase: Well I should go now. |
| Peter: Yeah, well security is on its way. So you could just stay a few more seconds. So how was everything? |
| Takase: Well everything is okay. |
| Peter: よかったですね。(Yokatta desu ne.) |
| Takase: はい。(Hai.) |
| Peter: Today we have a great lesson for everybody. Right, Takase-san? |
| Takase: そうですね。(Sō desu ne.) |
| Peter: その調子。(Sono chōshi.) Now today we are going to talk about “looks like.” Last week, we talked about “looks like,” using verbs as in, it looks like he is going to take off, it looks like he will eat it. Today we are going to look at adjectives, i-adjectives in particular. Now, so many times, when you come to Japan, everything looks so good. That looks delicious. All of that looks so good. So much good food, so much good drink. So what we are going to do today is introduce how to talk about this really important lesson here. Okay, with that said, let’s get into today’s lesson. Here we go. |
| DIALOGUE |
| 妻 (tsuma) : だめよ。知らない人と話してはいけません。(Dame yo. Shiranai hito to hanashite wa ikemasen.) |
| 夫 (otto) : はい、はい。あっ、うまそう！食べたい。(Hai, hai. A, umasō! Tabetai.) |
| 妻 (tsuma) : だめよ。太るわ。今食べてはいけません。(Dame yo. Futoru wa. Ima tabete wa ikemasen.) |
| 夫 (otto) : なんで！僕は子供じゃない！自由に生きたい。(Nande! Boku wa kodomo ja nai! Jiyū ni ikitai.) |
| 妻 (tsuma) : だめよ。自由に生きてはいけません。あなたは私と結婚してるんだから。(Dame yo. Jiyū ni ikite wa ikemasen. Anata wa watashi to kekkon shite ru n da kara.) |
| Yoshi: もう一度お願いします。ゆっくりお願いします。(Mō ichi-do onegai shimasu. Yukkuri onegai shimasu.) |
| 妻 (tsuma) : だめよ。知らない人と話してはいけません。(Dame yo. Shiranai hito to hanashite wa ikemasen.) |
| 夫 (otto) : はい、はい。あっ、うまそう！食べたい。(Hai, hai. A, umasō! Tabetai.) |
| 妻 (tsuma) : だめよ。太るわ。今食べてはいけません。(Dame yo. Futoru wa. Ima tabete wa ikemasen.) |
| 夫 (otto) : なんで！僕は子供じゃない！自由に生きたい。(Nande! Boku wa kodomo ja nai! Jiyū ni ikitai.) |
| 妻 (tsuma) : だめよ。自由に生きてはいけません。あなたは私と結婚してるんだから。(Dame yo. Jiyū ni ikite wa ikemasen. Anata wa watashi to kekkon shite ru n da kara.) |
| Yoshi: 次は、ピーターさんの英語が入ります。(Tsugi wa, Pītā-san no Eigo ga hairimasu.) |
| 妻 (tsuma) : だめよ。知らない人と話してはいけません。(Dame yo. Shiranai hito to hanashite wa ikemasen.) |
| WIFE: No. You can't talk to strangers. |
| 夫 (otto) : はい、はい。(Hai, hai.) |
| HUSBAND: Yeah, yeah. |
| 夫 (otto) : あっ、うまそう！食べたい。(A, umasō! Tabetai.) |
| HUSBAND: Ah, it looks delicious! I wanna eat it. |
| 妻 (tsuma) : だめよ。太るわ。今食べてはいけません。(Dame yo. Futoru wa. Ima tabete wa ikemasen.) |
| WIFE: No. You'll get fat. You can't eat now. |
| 夫 (otto) : なんで！僕は子供じゃない！自由に生きたい。(Nande! Boku wa kodomo ja nai! Jiyū ni ikitai.) |
| HUSBAND: Why! I'm not a child! I wanna live free. |
| 妻 (tsuma) : だめよ。自由に生きてはいけません。(Dame yo. Jiyū ni ikite wa ikemasen.) |
| WIFE: No. You can't live free, |
| 妻 (tsuma) : あなたは私と結婚してるんだから。(Anata wa watashi to kekkon shite ru n da kara.) |
| WIFE: because you're married to me. |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Peter: Yoshi-san, let’s ask Chigusa-san what she thought of today’s conversation. |
| Yoshi: ちぐささん、今日の会話はどうでしたか。(Chigusa-san, kyō no kaiwa wa dō deshita ka.) |
| Chigusa: この女の人は間違った結婚相手を選んだと思います。(Kono onna no hito wa machigatta kekkon aite o eranda to omoimasu.) |
| Peter: よしさんはどうですか。(Yoshi-san wa dō desu ka.) |
| Yoshi: いろんな愛の形があると思うので、ま、いいんじゃないですか。(Iron na ai no katachi ga aru to omō node, ma, ii n ja nai desu ka.) |
| Peter: ちぐささん、どうですか。(Chigusa-san, dō desu ka.) |
| Chigusa: そうですね。まあ、他人事だからどうでもいいですけど、自分だったら嫌です。(Sō desu ne. Mā, hitogoto da kara dō demo ii desu kedo, jibun dattara iya desu.) |
| Peter: Okay, vocabulary time. Let’s get a little translation in there. What exactly was said, Chigusa-san? What did you say? |
| Chigusa: I think the lady picked the wrong husband. |
| Peter: And Yoshi countered with |
| Yoshi: You know everyone has a different perspective. So as long as they are happy, I think it's okay. |
| Peter: And Chigusa finished with |
| Chigusa: Well it’s none of my business. So as long as it’s not my business, I am okay with it but if it were, I won’t be able to handle him. |
| Peter: There it is okay and that’s why it's vocab time. Joining us today for vocabulary is Natsuko-san. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Natsuko: こんにちは。(Kon’nichiwa.) |
| Peter: Welcome to the show, Natsuko-san. |
| Natsuko: Thank you. |
| Peter: And what about today’s dialogue? |
| Natsuko: It does make sense, I agree but I am not sure whether it works. |
| Peter: What do you mean it works? |
| Natsuko: Works with him. |
| Peter: Ah okay, so how about the first word today? |
| Natsuko: うまい (umai) |
| Peter: Good at, delicious. |
| Natsuko: (slow) うまい (umai) (natural speed) うまい (umai) |
| Peter: Now as we just said, two meanings here. Good at something. For example, Natsuko-san, can you give us an example sentence? |
| Natsuko: 彼は野球が上手い。(Kare wa yakyū ga umai.) |
| Peter: He is good at baseball and then it can also mean delicious. Natsuko-san, |
| Natsuko: あそこのラーメンはうまい。(Asoko no rāmen wa umai.) |
| Peter: That Ramen is delicious. In the context of that Ramen, the shop's ramen is delicious. That works, right? |
| Natsuko: Yes. |
| Peter: Okay, and next we have, Yoshi-san. |
| Yoshi: 太る (futoru) |
| Peter: To gain weight. |
| Yoshi: (slow) ふとる (futoru) (natural speed) 太る (futoru) |
| Peter: Yeah. Not such a good word here. Hah, Natsuko-san. |
| Natsuko: Not at all. |
| Peter: Now Yoshi-san, what’s the opposite of 太る (futoru)? |
| Yoshi: やせる (yaseru) |
| Peter: To lose weight. So I think this is the season to gain weight. |
| Natsuko: You are right. |
| Peter: What do you think, Natsuko-san? When is the season to lose weight? |
| Natsuko: Oh I wonder. |
| Peter: ５月ぐらいかな。(Go-gatsu gurai ka na.) |
| Natsuko: I hope there is such a season. |
| Peter: Really good point. |
| Natsuko: Well maybe during summer time because it’s really humid especially in Tokyo. |
| Peter: Yeah okay, next up. |
| Natsuko: 生きる (ikiru) |
| Peter: To live, to be alive. |
| Natsuko: (slow) いきる (ikiru) (natural speed) 生きる (ikiru) |
| Peter: This verb is often found in the present progressive, 生きている (ikite iru). |
| Natsuko: Yes. |
| Peter: And while it’s literally translated here if it’s a present progressive as living, it’s interpreted as the state of living and we would interpret that as being alive, to be alive, okay. So you see this nature shows if you watch the nature channel in Japan, lots of – they will use this word over and over, okay. Next we have |
| Yoshi: 自由 (jiyū) |
| Peter: Free. |
| Yoshi: (slow) じゆう (jiyū) (natural speed) 自由 (jiyū) |
| Peter: Now here in today’s conversation, we are going to look at this in a minute. What do we have, Yoshi-san? |
| Yoshi: 自由に生きたい。 (Jiyū ni ikitai.) |
| Peter: Here it’s acting as an adverb. I want to live freely. So we can have 自由 (jiyū) with the particle に (ni) and if it’s followed by a verb, it will act as an adverb. So Natsuko-san, for people on a diet or people who just finished the diet, they want to eat freely. Can we say that? |
| Natsuko: 自由に食べる (jiyū ni taberu) |
| Peter: Eat whatever one wants, eat freely, live freely. Can you think of anything else? |
| Yoshi: How about 空を自由に飛びたい (sora o jiyū ni tobitai)? |
| Natsuko: あ、いいね。(A, ii ne.) |
| Peter: I want to fly freely in the sky. Natsuko-san, judging by your reaction, this is a quite well known expression in Japanese? |
| Natsuko: Yes, it’s actually a song. |
| Peter: Really? |
| Natsuko: Yes. A phrase from a song. |
| Peter: And the song has the same title? |
| Natsuko: No. Title is different. |
| Peter: Okay Natsuko-san, what’s that title? |
| Natsuko: ドラえもんの歌 (Doraemon no uta) |
| Peter: It’s the Doraemon song? |
| Natsuko: Yes. |
| Peter: Got it. |
| Natsuko: のびたくん (Nobita-kun) says 空を自由に飛びたいな (sora o jiyū ni tobitai na) and Doraemon takes out his magic tool. |
| Peter: And they go flying. |
| Natsuko: Uhoo. |
| Peter: All right. Next we have |
| Natsuko: 結婚 (kekkon) |
| Peter: Marriage. |
| Natsuko: (slow) けっこん (kekkon) (natural speed) 結婚 (kekkon) |
| Peter: Now that we’ve covered the vocabulary, let’s take a look inside. Let’s get inside this conversation and see what’s going on. So Natsuko-san, what do we have first? |
| VOCAB AND PHRASE USAGE |
| Natsuko: だめよ。(Dame yo.) |
| Peter: A couple of things we want to point out here. だめ (dame) means no, no good and in this context, you can’t do it. |
| Natsuko: Yes. |
| Peter: It’s not good, you can’t do it. |
| Natsuko: Yes. |
| Peter: Now give us what you said, one more time. |
| Natsuko: だめよ。(Dame yo.) |
| Peter: You finished this sentence with the particle, よ (yo). |
| Natsuko: Yes. |
| Peter: Now if a guy was speaking, Yoshi-san, if you were to say this, how would you say this? |
| Yoshi: だめだよ。(Dame da yo.) |
| Peter: Notice the plain form of the copula in there, だ (da) feminine speech will drop this and just go with だめよ (dame yo) but for guys, you don’t want to say だめよ (dame yo). You want to put the plain form of the copula in there to make it more masculine. Then the female speaker follows with |
| Natsuko: 知らない人と話してはいけません。(Shiranai hito to hanashite wa ikemasen.) |
| Peter: First we have |
| Natsuko: 知らない人 (shiranai hito) |
| Peter: “Don’t know person,” literally but again in Japanese, the description of the noun comes before the noun. So we are talking about 人 (hito), person. So when describing them, the description comes first. So we have 知らない (shiranai), don’t know person. This is interpreted as a stranger, someone you don’t know. Okay, what comes next. |
| Natsuko: 話してはいけません (hanashite wa ikemasen) |
| Peter: This grammatical construction implies that one cannot do something. |
| Natsuko: Yes. |
| Peter: Not in the potential sense, not in the sense that one has the ability to but one is not permitted. |
| Natsuko: Yes, exactly. |
| Peter: To do something. |
| Natsuko: Yes. |
| Peter: Okay, and the way this construction is formed is following the te-form of a verb comes |
| Natsuko: は (wa) |
| Peter: Followed by |
| Natsuko: いけません (ikemasen) |
| Peter: So はいけません (wa ikemasen) follows the te-form of any verb. In this particular conversation, we have |
| Natsuko: 話してはいけません (hanashite wa ikemasen) |
| Peter: Cannot talk and then here is where the previous part of the sentence comes in. Cannot talk with strangers. Again in Japanese, start from the end of the sentence and work your way back towards the front of the sentence. Cannot talk with strangers. Again the speaker is telling that the listener does not have permission to do this. This is followed by |
| Yoshi: はい、はい。(Hai, hai.) |
| Peter: Yeah, yeah. So it seems the listener is quite trained and very used to not being able to do things and not having permission granted. So can anyone relate to this? I wonder. This is followed by |
| Yoshi: あっ、うまそう！(A, umasō!) |
| Peter: Oh so something catches his eye and we can tell from the next word what that is. Yoshi-san, one more time. |
| Yoshi: うまそう (umasō) |
| Peter: Looks delicious. Now if you remember, last week we gave you this grammar, looks something. In this case, it looks delicious. Remember, うまい (umai) is an i-adjective. So we want to talk about how it looks. We drop the い (i) and add, Yoshi-san. |
| Yoshi: そう (sō) |
| Peter: Looks delicious and then, when he sees something that looks delicious |
| Yoshi: 食べたい。(Tabetai.) |
| Peter: Want to eat it. I want to eat it and we have |
| Natsuko: だめよ。(Dame yo.) |
| Peter: No. |
| Natsuko: 太るわ。(Futoru wa.) |
| Peter: You gained weight. Here we have, one more time, Natsuko-san. |
| Natsuko: 太るわ (futoru wa) |
| Peter: What is the sentence ending particle? |
| Natsuko: わ (wa) |
| Peter: And again, we covered this in the previous lesson but we will just go over it quickly. In feminine speech, this will sometimes come at the end of the sentence kind of emphasizing what was said and then we have again today’s grammar point, which is |
Lesson focus |
|---|
| Natsuko: 今食べてはいけません。(Ima tabete wa ikemasen.) |
| Peter: Now you can’t eat in the permission sense. You know from the looks, well if we can imagine I am sure that this big guy can probably fit something in but again it’s permission here and again we have the te-form of the verb |
| Natsuko: 食べて (tabete) |
| Peter: Which comes from the verb |
| Natsuko: 食べる (taberu) |
| Peter: So we have the te-form 食べて (tabete), followed by |
| Natsuko: はいけません (wa ikemasen) |
| Peter: Okay, we want to point out there, it’s very interesting. Even though this is a married couple here when it comes to the permission, the wife is actually using polite Japanese. |
| Natsuko: Yes. |
| Peter: And why do you think this is, Natsuko-san? |
| Natsuko: I think you know it sounds more strict and formal. |
| Peter: Yeah. |
| Natsuko: Like the way the teacher says. |
| Peter: Yeah, so we know where the power lies in this married couple, right? |
| Natsuko: Well you can obviously tell that. |
| Peter: Yes, okay and hubby, he says |
| Yoshi: 何で！(Nande!) |
| Peter: Why. |
| Yoshi: 僕は子供じゃない。(Boku wa kodomo ja nai.) |
| Peter: I am not a kid. Straightforward here, we have a masculine pronoun referring to oneself. |
| Yoshi: 僕 (boku) |
| Peter: Followed by the particle, は (wa). |
| Yoshi: 子供 (kodomo) |
| Peter: Child. |
| Yoshi: じゃない (ja nai) |
| Peter: Not. “I child am not.” Again just...we just have to move a few pieces when we turn it into English. I am not a child. Next we have |
| Yoshi: 自由に生きたい。(Jiyū ni ikitai.) |
| Peter: I want to live free and again here we have 自由に (jiyū ni), working as an adverb modifying want to live. Next we have |
| Natsuko: だめよ。(Dame yo.) |
| Peter: No. |
| Natsuko: 自由に生きてはいけません。(Jiyū ni ikite wa ikemasen.) |
| Peter: You can’t live free. Again we have the grammatical construction of the day, てはいけません (te wa ikemasen), you can’t live free. |
| Natsuko: あなたは私と結婚してるんだから。(Anata wa watashi to kekkon shite ru n da kara.) |
| Peter: Because you are married to me. Now again, listen to the translation. Because you are married to me. Let’s take a look at this part of the sentence. |
| Natsuko: あなたは (anata wa) |
| Peter: You marked by the topic particle は (wa), followed by |
| Natsuko: 私と (watashi to) |
| Peter: Me with, you me with, followed by |
| Natsuko: 結婚してるんだから (kekkon shite ru n da kara) |
| Peter: Here we have actually “marrying” is the literal translation because it’s the present progressive but again in Japanese, the present progressive can indicate either the present progressive or a state of existence and they are in the state of being married. You, me, with married because start from the back, because then you, the topic, are married to me. Okay, more about this construction inside the PDF. Now if this helps you remember it, by all means please use this. The way I remember this grammatical construction is I think about the verb to go. Natsuko-san, |
| Natsuko: 行く (iku) |
| Peter: And then I think about the potential of that verb which is |
| Natsuko: 行ける (ikeru) |
| Peter: To be able to go. “Can go,” now Yoshi-san, what is this construction? |
| Yoshi: てはいけません (te wa ikemasen) |
| Peter: So the negative can’t go. So I just think about it, whatever verb is in the te-form, it can’t go, it can’t go on. For example, give us the three examples we had today. |
| Natsuko: 話してはいけません。(Hanashite wa ikemasen.) |
| Peter: Speaking can’t go on, can’t speak, no permission to speak. Next. |
| Natsuko: 食べてはいけません。(Tabete wa ikemasen.) |
| Peter: Eat, can’t go on, can’t eat and finally |
| Natsuko: 生きてはいけません。(Ikite wa ikemasen.) |
| Peter: Can’t live. Uh, a little harsh there, ah! Yeah, I think we need the 自由 (jiyū) there because no permission to live in the last one but again more about this inside the PDF. |
Outro |
| Peter: You definitely want to stop by japanesepod101.com and pick up that PDF because today there is a lot in there. All right, with that said, that’s going to do for today. |
| Natsuko: じゃあ、また明日ね。(Jā, mata ashita ne.) |
| Yoshi: またね。(Mata ne.) |
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