Learn about the verb morau
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Chigusa: おはよう、ルアンダ。ちぐさです。(Ohayō, Ruanda. Chigusa desu.) |
| Jun: おはよう、ルアンダ。ジュンです。(Ohayō, Ruanda. Jun desu.) |
| Peter: Peter here. Beginner lesson #105. All right, this is part 3 of our 6 part series on giving and receiving verbs. Over the past two days, we’ve looked at the verb to give. |
| Chigusa: あげる (ageru) |
| Peter: As a standalone verb and as an auxiliary verb. Today, we are going to be looking at the verb to receive, which is |
| Chigusa: もらう (morau) |
| Peter: Today’s conversation covers so much plus it’s tied into a previous conversation. So what we are going to do now is give you the conversation. As always, one time fast, one time slow and with the translation. Now the first time through, try and listen and see which conversation this one links to. All right, without further adieu, here we go. |
| DIALOGUE |
| じじ (Jiji) : ただいま。(Tadaima.) |
| ばあ (Bā) : お帰りなさい。パーティーはどうでした？(Okaerinasai. Pātī wa dō deshita?) |
| じじ (Jiji) : パーティーは最高でしたけど、プレゼントは最悪でした。(Pātī wa saikō deshita kedo, purezento wa saiaku deshita.) |
| ばあ (Bā) : まあ、どういうことですか。(Mā, dō iu koto desu ka.) |
| じじ (Jiji) : 二人の部下に2006年もののワインをもらいました！1000円もしません！まったく。最近の若い者は何を考えているんでしょう。(Futari no buka ni ni-sen roku-nen mono no wain o moraimashita! Sen-en mo shimasen! Mattaku. Saikin no wakai mono wa nani o kangaete iru n deshō.) |
| ばあ (Bā) : あら、違いますよ。きっと還暦だからでしょう。今年また生まれ変わりますから。そういう意味ですよ。最近の若い人ってロマンチックですね。(Ara, chigaimasu yo. Kitto kanreki da kara deshō. Kotoshi mata umarekawarimasu kara. Sō iu imi desu yo. Saikin no wakai hito tte romanchikku desu ne.) |
| じじ (Jiji) : 何を言ってるんですか。ただのケチでしょう！(Nani o itte ru n desu ka. Tada no kechi deshō!) |
| ばあ (Bā) : そんなこと言わないでください。だって、私からのプレゼントも同じものなんですから。(Sonna koto iwanaide kudasai. Datte, watashi kara no purezento mo onaji mono nan desu kara.) |
| じじ (Jiji) : ひどい。私の奥さんまでケチだ。(Hidoi. Watashi no okusan made kechi da.) |
| Natsuko: もう一度、お願いします。ゆっくり、お願いします。(Mō ichi-do, onegai shimasu. Yukkuri, onegai shimasu) |
| じじ (Jiji) : ただいま。(Tadaima.) |
| ばあ (Bā) : お帰りなさい。パーティーはどうでした？(Okaerinasai. Pātī wa dō deshita?) |
| じじ (Jiji) : パーティーは最高でしたけど、プレゼントは最悪でした。(Pātī wa saikō deshita kedo, purezento wa saiaku deshita.) |
| ばあ (Bā) : まあ、どういうことですか。(Mā, dō iu koto desu ka.) |
| じじ (Jiji) : 二人の部下に2006年もののワインをもらいました！1000円もしません！まったく。最近の若い者は何を考えているんでしょう。(Futari no buka ni ni-sen roku-nen mono no wain o moraimashita! Sen-en mo shimasen! Mattaku. Saikin no wakai mono wa nani o kangaete iru n deshō.) |
| ばあ (Bā) : あら、違いますよ。きっと還暦だからでしょう。今年また生まれ変わりますから。そういう意味ですよ。最近の若い人ってロマンチックですね。(Ara, chigaimasu yo. Kitto kanreki da kara deshō. Kotoshi mata umarekawarimasu kara. Sō iu imi desu yo. Saikin no wakai hito tte romanchikku desu ne.) |
| じじ (Jiji) : 何を言ってるんですか。ただのケチでしょう！(Nani o itte ru n desu ka. Tada no kechi deshō!) |
| ばあ (Bā) : そんなこと言わないでください。だって、私からのプレゼントも同じものなんですから。(Sonna koto iwanaide kudasai. Datte, watashi kara no purezento mo onaji mono nan desu kara.) |
| じじ (Jiji) : ひどい。私の奥さんまでケチだ。(Hidoi. Watashi no okusan made kechi da.) |
| Natsuko: 次は、ピーターさんの英語が入ります。(Tsugi wa, Pītā-san no Eigo ga hairimasu.) |
| じじ (Jiji) : ただいま。(Tadaima.) |
| OLD MAN: I'm home. |
| ばあ (Bā) : お帰りなさい。(Okaerinasai.) |
| OLD WOMAN: Welcome back. |
| ばあ (Bā) : パーティーはどうでした？(Pātī wa dō deshita?) |
| OLD WOMAN: How was the party? |
| じじ (Jiji) : パーティーは最高でしたけど、プレゼントは最悪でした。(Pātī wa saikō deshita kedo, purezento wa saiaku deshita.) |
| OLD MAN: The party was the best, but the present was the worst. |
| ばあ (Bā) : まあ、どういうことですか。(Mā, dō iu koto desu ka.) |
| OLD WOMAN: Huh, what do you mean? |
| じじ (Jiji) : 二人の部下に2006年もののワインをもらいました！(Futari no buka ni ni-sen roku-nen mono no wain o moraimashita!) |
| OLD MAN: I received a 2006 vintage from two subordinates. |
| じじ (Jiji) : 1000円もしません！(Sen-en mo shimasen!) |
| OLD MAN: Not even 1000 yen. |
| じじ (Jiji) : まったく。(Mattaku.) |
| OLD MAN: Completely! |
| じじ (Jiji) : 最近の若い者は何を考えているんでしょう。(Saikin no wakai mono wa nani o kangaete iru n deshō.) |
| OLD MAN: What are young people these days thinking? |
| ばあ (Bā) : あら、違いますよ。(Ara, chigaimasu yo.) |
| OLD WOMAN: Huh, you're wrong. |
| ばあ (Bā) : きっと還暦だからでしょう。(Kitto kanreki da kara deshō.) |
| OLD WOMAN: It's surely because of your 60th birthday. |
| ばあ (Bā) : 今年また生まれ変わりますから。(Kotoshi mata umarekawarimasu kara.) |
| OLD WOMAN: Because you're reborn this year. |
| ばあ (Bā) : そういう意味ですよ。(Sō iu imi desu yo.) |
| OLD WOMAN: That's what it means. |
| ばあ (Bā) : 最近の若い人ってロマンチックですね。(Saikin no wakai hito tte romanchikku desu ne.) |
| OLD WOMAN: Young people these days, they're romantic. |
| じじ (Jiji) : 何を言ってるんですか。(Nani o itte ru n desu ka.) |
| OLD MAN: What are you talking about? |
| じじ (Jiji) : ただのケチでしょう！(Tada no kechi deshō!) |
| OLD MAN: They're just cheap. |
| ばあ (Bā) : そんなこと言わないでください。(Sonna koto iwanaide kudasai.) |
| OLD WOMAN: Don't say that. |
| ばあ (Bā) : だって、私からのプレゼントも同じものなんですから。(Datte, watashi kara no purezento mo onaji mono nan desu kara.) |
| OLD WOMAN: Because my present is the same as theirs. |
| じじ (Jiji) : ひどい。私の奥さんまでケチだ。(Hidoi. Watashi no okusan made kechi da.) |
| OLD MAN: Horrible, even my wife is a cheapskate. |
| VOCAB AND PHRASE USAGE |
| Peter: Chigusa-san, first word, please. |
| Chigusa: 部下 (buka) |
| Peter: Subordinate. |
| Chigusa: (slow)ぶか (buka) (natural speed) 部下 (buka) |
| 例文をお願いします。(Reibun o onegai shimasu.) |
| Jun: 彼に100人の部下がいます。(Kare ni hyaku-nin no buka ga imasu.) |
| Peter: He has 100 subordinates. Next we have |
| Jun: 生まれ変わる (umarekawaru) |
| Peter: To be reborn. |
| Jun: (slow)うまれかわる (umarekawaru) (natural speed) 生まれ変わる (umarekawaru) |
| 例文をお願いします。(Reibun o onegai shimasu.) |
| Chigusa: 私は、猫に生まれ変わりたい。(Watashi wa, neko ni umarekawaritai.) |
| Peter: What was that, Chigusa-san? |
| Chigusa: 猫に生まれ変わりたいです。(Neko ni umarekawaritai desu.) |
| Peter: You want to be reincarnated as a cat? |
| Chigusa: Yes. |
| Peter: Now are you just reading this or? |
| Chigusa: I really hope so. Cats are so free. |
| Peter: Yeah, no work. |
| Chigusa: No work. |
| Peter: Hah! All right, back to what we were doing. Let’s get another example sentence in there. |
| Chigusa: 生まれ変わった町 (umarekawatta machi) |
| Peter: All right, not a sentence but a description, a changed town, a reborn town and this would probably refer to as maybe a city that becomes industrialized. So one day, there are no buildings and then all of a sudden, there are buildings everywhere or it could be the opposite, an industrial city that’s gone green. So drastic change, complete change. Now if you notice, for this one, we are describing a noun and when we are describing a noun |
| Chigusa: 生まれ変わった (umarekawatta) |
| Peter: Comes before the word for town which is |
| Chigusa: 町 (machi) |
| Peter: And can we also use this for people? So you haven’t seen someone in a long time. You see them and they are completely changed? |
| Chigusa: Yeah, you can and it’s often used in a good way more than in a negative way. |
| Peter: All right, so say we don’t see Jun for 10 years after the show and then we run into him. He is now a Buddhist priest, then you run into me and you would say |
| Chigusa: ジュンが生まれ変わった。(Jun ga umarekawatta.) |
| Peter: What happened? |
| Chigusa: お坊さんになったよ。(O-bō-san ni natta yo.) |
| Peter: English, please. |
| Chigusa: He is a priest now. |
| Peter: All right. Jun-san, what are the prospects? |
| Jun: Umm, I think so. |
| Peter: All right. We will see about that. Next we have |
| Jun: ケチ (kechi) |
| Peter: Cheap, stingy. |
| Jun: (slow)ケチ (kechi) (natural speed) ケチ (kechi) |
| 例文をお願いします。(Reibun o onegai shimasu.) |
| Chigusa: 誕生日に、彼氏に何ももらいませんでした。(Tanjōbi ni, kareshi ni nani mo moraimasen deshita.) |
| Jun: ケチだね。(Kechi da ne.) |
| Peter: I didn’t receive anything from my boyfriend on my birthday. Cheapskate isn’t he? Next we have. |
| Chigusa: 者 (mono) |
| Peter: The humble form of |
| Chigusa: 人 (hito) |
| Peter: Person. |
| Chigusa: (slow)もの (mono) (natural speed) 者 (mono) |
| Peter: And this is often used in polite situations. People will use the word |
| Chigusa: 者 (mono) |
| Peter: Instead of |
| Chigusa: 人 (hito) |
| Peter: For example on the phone |
| Chigusa: 山下という者なんですが。(Yamashita to iu mono nan desu ga.) |
| Peter: This will be in a polite phone call situation where you are referring to yourself. It is the person Yamashita. Next we have |
| Jun: ロマンチック (romanchikku) |
| Peter: Romantic. |
| Jun: (slow)ロマンチック (romanchikku) (natural speed) ロマンチック (romanchikku) |
| Peter: Chigusa-san, what kind of adjective is this? |
| Chigusa: Na-adjective. |
| Peter: Yeah, so if we put it in front of a noun, what happens? |
| Chigusa: ロマンチックな (romanchikku na) |
| Peter: And why don’t we use Jun-san as an example? |
| Chigusa: ロマンチックな人 (romanchikku na hito) |
| Peter: Romantic person. Next we have |
| Chigusa: 同じ (onaji) |
| Peter: The same. |
| Chigusa: (slow)おなじ (onaji) (natural speed) 同じ (onaji) |
| ジュンさん、例文をお願いします。(Jun-san, reibun o onegai shimasu.) |
| Jun: ＡさんはＢさんと同じ服を着ている。(Ē-san wa Bī-san to onaji fuku o kite iru.) |
| Peter: A and B are wearing the same clothes. |
| Jun: ちぐささん、例文をお願いします。(Chigusa-san, reibun o onegai shimasu.) |
| Chigusa: 彼女と同じ電車に乗りました。(Kanojo to onaji densha ni norimashita.) |
| Peter: I rode the same train as she did. |
| VOCAB AND PHRASE USAGE |
| Peter: Okay, now to get into today’s dialogue, we are going to call this section up close because today’s dialogue had so much information there that there are a bunch of things we have to look at. Here to help us out with this is Takase-san. Welcome to the show, Takase-san? |
| Takase: よろしくお願いします。(Yoroshiku onegai shimasu.) |
| Peter: Now the first thing we want to look at is |
| Chigusa: だって (datte) |
| Peter: Now you will hear this quite a bit. When it comes at the end of a sentence, it’s here say, it means you heard it and it’s a shortened expression of |
| Chigusa: だと聞いた (da to kiita) |
| Peter: Or |
| Chigusa: だと言った (da to itta) |
| Peter: One of these. So you have to be careful. When it comes at the end of the sentence, it’s a different structure that we are going to get into at a later time but in this case, it came at the front of the sentence. So in this case, it can mean after all, because, I mean. It’s in the context of the sentence. For example, let’s say Jun tried to call Chigusa last night and she didn’t pick up. Then today Chigusa and Jun meet. Jun-san, you would say |
| Jun: 昨日電話したんですが、出ませんでしたね。どうしたんですか。(Kinō denwa shita n desu ga, demasen deshita ne. Dō shita n desu ka.) |
| Chigusa: だって、忙しかったんです。(Datte, isogashikatta n desu.) |
| Peter: Last night, I called but you didn’t pick up. What happened? Because I was busy. When used, an explanation will follow. So when someone says |
| Chigusa: だって (datte) |
| Peter: It’s followed by an explanation. All right, next we had |
| Chigusa: 千円もしません。(Sen-en mo shimasen.) |
| Peter: Not even ¥1000. Now in casual Japanese, when you talk with friends and stuff, this is often used to reference how much something is but rather than giving the exact price, they say it didn’t even cost this amount. So in this example, we had |
| Chigusa: 千円もしません。(Sen-en mo shimasen.) |
| Peter: Didn’t even cost ¥1000. So the number is interchangeable but what comes after it. |
| Chigusa: もしません (mo shimasen) |
| Peter: Stays the same. Next we had |
| Chigusa: 私の奥さんまでケチだ。(Watashi no okusan made kechi da.) |
| Peter: Now here we have the particle |
| Chigusa: まで (made) |
| Peter: Meaning up to. In this case, it means up to my wife and including. So even my wife is cheap. Even my wife is a cheapskate. So probably not just referencing his subordinates but other people around him including his wife is cheap. Next we just want to remind you, whenever we use |
| Chigusa: でしょう (deshō) |
| Peter: Before it comes the plain form. In the dialogue, we had |
| Chigusa: 考えているんでしょう (kangaete iru n deshō) |
| Peter: Now this is the plain form plus |
| Chigusa: んでしょう (n deshō) |
| Peter: Now this ん (n) is the short form of |
| Chigusa: の (no) |
| Peter: Which is a particle used at the end of sentences to get one’s point across to the listener or to draw a response from the listener. Next we have |
| Chigusa: 何を言っている (nani o itte iru) |
| Peter: What are you saying? Now you will hear this expression all the time in casual Japanese and when you hear it, sometimes you will hear two variations. Chigusa-san, give us the first one. お願いします。(Onegai shimasu.) |
| Chigusa: 何いってる (nani itte ru) |
| Peter: There is also |
| Chigusa: 何ゆってる (nani yutte ru) |
| Peter: In words with two consecutive vowels, sometimes in Spoken Japanese, a phonetic change occurs. In the case of |
| Takase: ゆう (yū) |
| Peter: The vowels get contracted to. |
| Takase: ゆう (yū) |
| Peter: What is special about |
| Takase: ゆう (yū) |
| Peter: Is that the phonetic change occurs not only in its base form but it’s also carried over when conjugating as in today’s lesson. Chigusa, can you give us both side by side? |
| Chigusa: 何いってる (nani itte ru), 何ゆってる (nani yutte ru) |
| Peter: So the phonetically changed |
| Takase: ゆう (yū) |
| Peter: Is actually conjugated with the te-form being |
| Takase: ゆって (yutte) |
| Peter: Okay, and this is the plain form. Again you will hear this in casual Japanese. You don’t want to use this in polite Japanese. Next we have. |
| Jun: そういう意味ですよ。(Sō iu imi desu yo.) |
| Peter: It’s that meaning. That is the meaning and this is close to |
| Jun: そんな (sonna) |
| Peter: That type of meaning. It has that meaning and finally, Chigusa-san, |
| Chigusa: 最近の若い人ってロマンチックですね。(Saikin no wakai hito tte romanchikku desu ne.) |
| Peter: Now that て (te) in there, that’s referring to |
| Chigusa: というのは (to iu no wa) |
| Peter: So this というのは (to iu no wa) gets condensed into |
| Chigusa: て (te) |
Lesson focus |
|---|
| Peter: Okay. Now we are going to cover this in greater detail in a later lesson. All right, on to today’s grammar point. |
| Takase: もらう (morau) |
| Peter: Is a class 1 verb used to express something that the speaker or someone in the speaker’s group receives something from someone who has a lower status than the receiver. Though the meaning is close to the English get or receive, the usage differs slightly. The general sentence structure is as follows. The receiver is marked with |
| Takase: は (wa) |
| Peter: The giver is marked with |
| Takase: に (ni) |
| Peter: Or |
| Takase: から (kara) |
| Peter: The object is marked with |
| Takase: を (o) |
| Peter: Followed by the verb |
| Takase: もらう (morau) |
| Peter: The particles に (ni) and から (kara) can often be used interchangeably as the marker for the giver although に (ni) is preferred when the giver is a person. For more on this, please see the PDF. Now the polite form of this verb is |
| Takase: いただく (itadaku) |
| Peter: As in |
| Takase: いただきます (itadakimasu) |
| Peter: And Takase-san, what do we say before we eat? |
| Takase: いただきます！(Itadakimasu!) |
| Peter: There it is. And this expression is derived from this. And now we have some example sentences. So please listen. What you want to pay attention to is the particles, okay? Now in the first one, I received a souvenir from my friend. Remember, I received a souvenir from my friend. So please pay attention to the particles. Okay, you want to listen for |
| Takase: は (wa) |
| Peter: And |
| Takase: に (ni) |
| Peter: Here we go. |
| Takase: 私は友達にお土産をもらいました。(Watashi wa tomodachi ni o-miyage o moraimashita.) |
| Peter: One more time, slowly please. |
| Takase: 私は友達にお土産をもらいました。(Watashi wa tomodachi ni o-miyage o moraimashita.) |
| Peter: Now Takase-san, in this sentence, who is the receiver? |
| Takase: 私 (watashi) |
| Peter: Marked by |
| Takase: は (wa) |
| Peter: Who is the giver? |
| Takase: 友達 (tomodachi) |
| Peter: Friend marked by |
| Takase: に (ni) |
| Peter: What was given? |
| Takase: お土産 (o-miyage) |
| Peter: Souvenir and this is marked by |
| Takase: を (o) |
| Peter: Finally we have |
| Takase: もらいました (moraimashita) |
Outro |
| Peter: Received, the past tense. So again try to focus on the particles. All right, so that’s going to do for today. |
| Takase: またね。(Mata ne.) |
| Jun: またね。(Mata ne.) |
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